Humoral Elements Research Articles

The phenomenon of the carnivalization of sport in postmodern society

This article examines the phenomenon of sport carnavalization in postmodern society, the reasons, preconditions, consequences of the postmodern transformation of sport as a social institution, turning it into a commercialized spectacle, industry, show business, entertainment practice. Traced the mutual penetration of the humorous elements in the sports and sports in karneval sfere in socio-cultural space. Thus, laughter in its various functions, manifestations, modifications is an integral part, an attribute of sport life, and an independent agent of social shifts, through which social values and ideals are established or abolished, a special festive atmosphere is created as a marker of the "boundary", the "border", "The transition" of society as a whole and sport as a social institution into a new mode of existence.

Skin and scale regeneration after mechanical damage in a teleost

Skin wound healing has been widely studied in mammalian models but the information on teleost cutaneous healing is sparse and frequently considered in the context of viral or bacterial infections or parasitic infestations in aquaculture. In the present study a detailed time course (0 h, 6 h, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days) coupled to morphology and gene expression analysis revealed rapid regeneration of skin without scarring in a marine teleost after a superficial wound caused by the loss of a large area of scales. The integrity of the integument, as assessed by quantification of extracellular matrix (ECM) gene transcripts (fn1a, colIα1, colVα2, colXα1, ogn1, ogn2, crtac1a, cyr61, pcna, krt2 and mmp9) was restored within 2 days. Epithelial-mesenchyme interactions assessed by expression of edar and shh were associated with epidermal closure, the re-establishment of the basement membrane and also scale eruption. Histological observations suggested tissue re-epithelialization was independent of inflammation and that transcripts representing the humoral and cellular elements of the immune response (mpo, cyba and csf1r, cd48 and cd200) were modulated in the early stages of sea bream (Sparus aurata) skin repair after injury. Overall, the results indicate that after superficial skin damage tissue reconstitution started immediately with re-epithelialization, followed by ECM deposition and finally tissue maturation, indicating that in the skin regenerative process, reconstitution of the physical barrier was the priority over other integument functions, including immune surveillance.

The Wolfish Lover: The Dog as a Comic Metaphor in Homoerotic Symposium Pottery

This paper examines the image of the pet dog on Greek red-figure pottery from the late archaic and early classical periods. At least half of the representations depict the dogs accompanying boys and men in the gymnasium, often in homoerotic scenarios. The article suggests that rather than being ancillary figures, contributing to a sense of realism in the background setting, the dogs themselves are visual metaphors for the erastes, adding an element of humor and tension to the scenes. In the absence of a depiction of an erastes, a dog may be shown as a comic metonymic stand-in for the pursuing lover. These images are varied and multi-layered, with polyvalent meanings. Considering the representations of dogs within the context of the humorously and erotically charged symposium helps us to understand the function and meaning of the dog as a visual joke referring to the comically aggressive or foolish erastes.

Coagulopathy during liver transplantation

In this review article, we aimed to mainly review the principles for the management of hemostasis, changes that occur in the hemostatic system, and the techniques to reduce hemorrhage during liver transplantation. Hemostasis is a defense mechanism that may ensue from vascular damage and hemorrhage and consists of multiple phases which involve cellular and humoral elements of coagulation. In the presence of a cause, such as trauma-induced liver injury or hepatic failure that may trigger coagulopathy, the process becomes more problematic, and moreover, severe coagulation disorders may arise in daily practice unless the situation is intervened correctly and on time. During liver transplantation, the implementation of transfusion and coagulation management algorithms based on the point of care tests may reduce blood loss and transfusion requirement. Moreover, antifibrinolytic therapy and a low central venous pressure with restrictive fluid administration reduce bleeding.

Jonathan Swift—Autor von "Gulliver's Travels," Regierungspublizist, irischer Patriot und Querdenker der Aufklärung. Ein essayistisches Porträt (Jonathan Swift—Author of "Gulliver's Travels," Government Journalist, Hibernian Patriot, and Maverick Thinker of the Enlightenment. An Essayistic Portrait) by Heinz-Joachim Müllenbrock

Reviewed by: Jonathan Swift—Autor von "Gulliver's Travels," Regierungspublizist, irischer Patriot und Querdenker der Aufklärung. Ein essayistisches Porträt (Jonathan Swift—Author of "Gulliver's Travels," Government Journalist, Hibernian Patriot, and Maverick Thinker of the Enlightenment. An Essayistic Portrait) by Heinz-Joachim Müllenbrock Hermann Josef Real Heinz-Joachim Müllenbrock. Jonathan Swift—Autor von "Gulliver's Travels," Regierungspublizist, irischer Patriot und Querdenker der Aufklärung. Ein essayistisches Porträt (Jonathan Swift—Author of "Gulliver's Travels," Government Journalist, Hibernian Patriot, and Maverick Thinker of the Enlightenment. An Essayistic Portrait) Marburg: Blaues Schloss, 2015. Pp. 47. €8.60. How does one introduce an iridescent, enigmatic figure like the Dean of St. Patrick's, [End Page 180] Dublin, and his multivolume, multilayered work to lay readers expectantly assembled at a soirée in such a way that they will feel tempted, or challenged, or provoked to go on reading him beyond versions of Gulliver's Travels for children or adolescents? The answer, in addition to having THE Dean, the only Dean in the history of Ireland, at one's fingertips, is that one needs to choose wisely. Both criteria are met by Mr. Müllenbrock, who not only shows himself in full command of his material, primary as well as secondary, but who also skillfully lays his groundwork. Having started off with the comic fantasy of Gulliver's first two voyages, he enlarges on the humorous elements pervading Swift's early satires such as A Tale of a Tub, The Battle of the Books, and the Bickerstaff hoax. Mr. Müllenbrock proceeds to flesh out his subsequent framework with elements of Swift's more combative and at times even aggressive ad hominem satire. These early examples culminate in the paradoxical virtuosity of An Argument against Abolishing Christianity and, during Swift's time as chef de propagande for the Tory administration under Robert Harley, in The Examiner's relentless attacks against the whiggish opposition's campaign to continue the War of the Spanish Succession spearheaded by the Duke of Marlborough. After a silence of some ten years in his self-styled Irish "exile," the Dean's volcanic temper flared up again several times in the 1720s, more particularly in the saeva indignatio of Travels, and A Modest Proposal, both impelled by Swift's self-image as a satirist. Mr. Müllenbrock rightly emphasizes the intellectual and moral paradoxes of A Modest Proposal, by which Swift put the inhuman indifference of English mercantilist politics toward the misery of Ireland—and Irish folly in endorsing the very means of its own destruction—rhetorically as well as symbolically in the dock at the same time. Five years earlier, in Gulliver's voyage to the Houyhnhnms, Swift had kicked against the pricks of another, anthropological orthodoxy in an even more fundamental way, humankind's proud and boastful belief in its essential rationality. By making horses the physical manifestations of reason and their visitor, l'homme moyen Gulliver, a Yahoo-like animal, Swift flies in the face of the emerging Enlightenment ideal. However, the Houyhnhnms cannot be regarded as Swift's norm, either. When Gulliver tries to live a life of reason, the consequences are disastrous: he becomes mad and ceases to exist as a social human being. Mr. Müllenbrock's subtly argued, elegantly printed, and nicely illustrated summation of Swift's satires is to be wished every success at the counter. Hermann Josef Real Universität Münster Copyright © 2017 Roy S. Wolper, W. B. Gerard, E. Derek Taylor, and David F. Venturo

Incivility of passive immunity

Survival of the fetus and newborn is not possible without vital immune components. The immune repertoire includes a cadre of innate factors sheltered in the intrauterine domicile as well as maternally-sourced humoral elements. The latter, known as passive immunity, refer to maternal antibodies that mediate vigilant immune surveillance during gestation and for a few months after birth. While immunologically beneficial, their therapeutic luster is tarnished somewhat by a number of antibody-associated abnormalities that have been reported in offsprings. And though basic science tenets of the antibody transfer process are well accepted, the immuno-biochemical mechanisms related to the therapeutic and pathogenic effects remain incompletely understood. This opinion-based paper provides reasoned insight regarding the bi-functionality of immunoglobulins by focusing on maternal benefit, and potential in utero detriment, of a recombinant monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of one breast cancer subtype. If valid, this concept may be applicable to other engineered antibodies.

Is Education for Using Humour in Nursing Needed? (Slovenian Case Study on Sociological and Ergonomic Aspects of the Impact of Humour on Nursing Professionals)

Abstract Introduction: Although there has been considerable discussion regarding the presence of therapeutic aspects of humour in the nurse educational programme and syllabus, little is known about the use of humour in the nurse - patient relationship and the needed topics in the Slovene educational system for nurses. From educational and medical perspectives, humour is anything that evokes laughter and it has been proven that laughter contributes to physical health. A sense of humour in nursing has a conformist, quantitative and productive importance which is manifested through the essential elements of humour: meta-communication sensitivity, personal affection for humour and emotional admissibility. As nurses spend a lot of time with patients, humour adds to the quality of their work as well as to the nurses’ satisfaction with their work with patients. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the significance of humour in nursing both for the employees and for the patients and to discuss humour within the framework of nursing profession in Slovenia. The specific objective of our study is to explore the attitudes of Slovenian nurses towards humour and their actual use of humour during their interaction with patients. Methods: For the purpose of this study, a quantitative research methodology was adopted. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the topic and a set of statistical analyses (frequency distribution method, the χ2 and Spearman rank correlation test) was performed on the data obtained. Results: Our study shows that Slovenian nurses are prone to the use of humour in their work and they welcome it as an integral part of their work with patients. We found that humour also enhances their sense of belonging to the nursing profession and serves as a tool for socialization. Discussion: Humour, employed in nursing can help overcome certain difficulties which nurses face in the workplace as they also try to fulfil some social objectives and get socialized via humour. These psychological-sociological features of humour stand out as cognitive and social benefits of the positive emotions of joy, the use of humour for social communication and their influence on the release of stress and coping, which draws from the ergonomics of humour as social interaction. Therefore, topics of humour in nurse education are required. Limitations: 279 Slovenian nurses with different levels of education participated in the study. Conclusions: Humour should be used by nurses since it is important in their professional interaction with patients. It can be used as a bridge between individuals and can serve as a means of individual's integration into groups, cultures and, consequently, into the society as a whole.

Understanding the influences of story elements in service businesses

With the advances of the roles of business stories in marketing, two issues remain unclear: How do consumers evaluate story elements on services? Do usefulness and affect mediate the relationships between business story elements and brand attitude in services? Therefore, to answer these questions, this study conducted between-subjects experiments to investigate the roles of business story elements, usefulness, and affect in financial and restaurants services. The results indicate that the elements of authenticity, reversal, and humor are generally useful in engaging consumers’ usefulness and affect; besides, conciseness is useful in engaging consumers’ usefulness but is not for affect and brand attitude; finally, usefulness and affect are mediators of the relationship between business story elements and brand attitude. These findings provide a framework to design business story and investigate the mediation of usefulness and affect on the relationship between business story elements and brand attitude for services and practitioners.

유아 그림책에 나타난 유머 요소 분석

유아 그림책에 나타난 유머 요소 분석

Evaluating the effectiveness of four Hong Kong antismoking cartoon posters with humor and threat elements

Although cartoons are widely used in health communication, their effectiveness has seldom been tested. In this study, the effects of four humor–threat antismoking cartoon posters are evaluated in a sample of 12- to 15-year-olds (n = 183) in Hong Kong. The five-group comparison (including the control group) revealed that these posters did not increase antismoking attitudes in the sample but did decrease antismoking behavioral intentions. The better liked, more humorous, and more frightening posters did not produce increased antismoking attitudes or behavioral intentions. These findings warrant the development of theories to clarify the role of humor in health communication. Although cartoons are well liked by adolescents, practitioners must be aware of the possible negative effects of humor in cartoon-based messages.

BERTOLT BRECHT E O CÔMICO POPULAR KARL VALENTIN – PRINCÍPIOS DA BUFONARIA PARA UMA ATUAÇÃO CRÍTICA

Neste artigo analisa-se como Bertolt Brecht se apropria dos elementos característicos da bufonaria a partir de sua vivência prática ao lado do cômico popular Karl Valentin para pensar técnicas para o ator de seu teatro, um teatro que almeja a transformação social. Essa análise surge a partir de reflexões dentro de uma pesquisa que se desenvolve desde a graduação em Teatro, e que, atualmente, vem ganhando maiores dimensões no doutorado e docência, permeando os estudos e práticas com o bufão que tem como eixo a relação entre a prática artística e política do ator que busca no humor uma possibilidade criativa na tentativa de realizar a crítica social, ou ainda, abrir espaço de debate sobre questões políticas que acredita pertinentes de reflexão. Para tanto, busca-se referências de atores cômicos, que utilizam elementos da bufonaria e do humor em suas práticas cênicas para realizarem a crítica social, tentando compreender como se opera na prática esse jogo cômico que visa a denúncia.

"Racism's part of my culture"

This article applies theories of humour (incongruity, superiority, relief) to a reading of the films Irish Jam (John Eyres, 2006) and The Guard (John Michael McDonagh, 2011) in order to interrogate their depiction of racial, national and cultural stereotypes and differences. Both films combine elements of humour in their portrayal of the "fish out of water" experiences of the African-American male leads in Ireland. Through this we see three consequences: the incongruity of the protagonists' experiences, both in terms of their expectations of Ireland and the expectations the Irish have of them; the superiority felt by certain locals, and, thus vicariously, by audience members for recognising moments of (what they consider) ignorance or racism; humour being used to relieve the tensions of interacting with the Other. I argue that the different uses of humour in these films function as a social corrective in their interrogation of racist ideologies. However, the films play it safe by taking their protagonists out of America, allowing the discussion of race to unfold in Ireland where whiteness holds a unique status (as simultaneously nonwhite because of the historical discrimination the Irish faced), and racial and national differentiation can be conflated. Equally, the films ultimately remain conservative in their interrogation of racism, confronting certain stereotypes while perpetuating others.

Przepowiadanie z humorem

Humor is the ability to discern incongruity or lack of suitability. It performs many useful functions in the human life and in the society. As far as the use of humor in preaching is concerned there are arguments pro and contra. The article discusses both of them delivered from the Bible, the approach of the Fathers of the Church, theologians and the popes. One can find elements of humor in the Bible. There are convincing arguments that Jesus had a great sense of humor. In the history of preaching one may see the ambivalent approach to the use of humor in the pulpit. Currently however, both theologians and specialists in rhetoric and social communication recommend speaking with a smile and humor, as long as circumstances allow.

MPhil Scholars’ Views about the Use of Humor in English Language Classroom in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan

The element of humor is one of the important elements in a person’s social life and when used in the English language classroom by teachers, it could affect the students’ learning. This study investigated MPhil scholars’ views being student and teacher regarding the use of humor in English language classroom. The research was qualitative using purposive sampling. The sample consisted of eight female MPhil scholars of English department of two universities in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. Interviews and observations were the instruments used for data collection. The data were analyzed through content analysis and for this purpose NVivo (Version 10) was used. The participants’ views and teaching practices suggested humor to be beneficial in the English language classrooms to motivate students. The results of this study recommend using humor in English language classroom as it may make teaching more effective. The future research directions are also suggested.

Humorous elements and translation in animated feature films: DreamWorks (2001-2012)

espanolEste trabajo presenta algunos de los resultados extraidos de la tesis La alusion como fuente de creacion de humor y su traduccion: analisis del cine de animacion de DreamWorks (2001-2012) (2015). Este estudio tiene por objetivo principal el analisis del humor intertextual empleado en catorce peliculas de cine de animacion de DreamWorks, con el proposito de desvelar cuales son los elementos humoristicos (Martinez Sierra 2008) a los que se recurre para crear humor. Por otra parte, este trabajo proporcionara una definicion de humor intertextual, asi como una serie de aspectos relacionados con la aplicacion del modelo de Martinez Sierra al estudio del cine de animacion. Los resultados obtenidos nos mostraran como se consigue un tipo de humor destinado a todos los publicos en las peliculas en su version original. Con la finalidad de llegar al publico espanol, estas peliculas se doblaron y subtitularon al espanol peninsular. El proceso de doblaje cobrara especial importancia en este estudio, y se presentaran tres ejemplos de como el humor se ha traducido, atendiendo a las categorias humoristicas descritas. EnglishThis paper will present some of the results stemming from the thesis La alusion como fuente de creacion de humor y su traduccion: analisis del cine de animacion de DreamWorks (2001-2012) (Lopez Gonzalez 2015). This study had as its main objective the analysis of intertextual humour in fourteen DreamWorks animated feature films to reveal which are the humorous elements (Martinez Sierra 2008) used in the creation of humour. A definition of intertextual humour will be provided as well as details related to how Martinez Sierra’s classification of humorous elements was applied to the study of animation. The results obtained will show how humour can be triggered for audiences of all ages from the original version films. In order to reach the Spanish target audience these films were dubbed and subtitled into Spanish. Here, attention will be paid to the dubbing process and three examples of how humour has been translated within some of the categories described by Martinez Sierra will be commented on.

Henry Fielding and English Crime and Justice Reportage, 1748–52: Narratives of Panic, Authority, and Emotion

This essay discusses representations of crime and justice in London during the years of Henry Fielding’s Bow Street magistracy (1748–54), with an emphasis on his management of the press and its influence on popular feeling. Contemporary newspaper reports about Fielding and his thieftakers offered comforting narratives about authority triumphing over disorder. His Charge Delivered to the Grand Jury (1749) and Enquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers (1751), however, described a crisis of lawlessness. Finally, his Covent Garden Journal (1752) invested offenders’ stories with strong elements of humor, compassion, and prurient interest. I conclude that Fielding’s literary and commercial instincts inspired polyvocal representations of passion and compassion that undermined the “authorized” message of law and justice.

Subtitling audiovisual humour: The case of 'early Almodóvar' films during la movida in Spain (1980-1984)

Humour transfer on screen responds to the inner constraints of audiovisual translation. Audiovisual humour imposes further challenges to translators because of its polysemiotic nature. This can be undeniably observed in auteur films that are specifically contextualised in a historical and sociocultural context, such as the ‘early Almodovar’ films. Pedro Almodovar’s first four films (1980-1984) were created during the Spanish Movida movement after dictator Franco’s death, corresponding historically to the political Transition of Spain towards democracy. These films have been so important that they can now be considered samples of audiovisual expression of Spanish Movida changes. Verbally Expressed Humour elements in these films represent compelling examples of translation challenges that respond to both the complexity of wordplay transfer and the cultural components of Spain in the 1980s. Sets of examples from Almodovar’s first films illustrate the difficulties of transferring Verbally Expressed Humour elements in subtitling. This paper finds that humour transfer is accomplished in many different ways by subtitlers, whose translation techniques can be analysed following descriptive studies specifically focused on Audiovisual Translation.

La traducción del humor en textos audiovisuales

The study of the translation of humour in audiovisual texts remains an issue that demands further reflection and empirical findings. Progress in recent years has been remarkable, although the intrinsic complexity of this matter, so rooted in tangled dimensions such as the cultural one, makes it necessary to restate what has already been presented, and even to adopt additional perspectives. This article is based on that premise, and is an attempt to take a further step towards understanding the mechanisms which have the potential to activate humour not only within the community in which it was created, but also in the one to which it has been transferred through a translation process. The central idea of this contribution is the consideration, based on the audiovisual field, of jokes as prototypes; that is, as entities in most cases composed of different types of potentially humorous elements that combine together and feed back in order to produce the effect that their author intended: humour. As will be seen, it is a comprehensive approach, capable of responding to the functioning of humour in the different modes of audiovisual translation. Moreover, its potential and applicability can be transferred to other types of texts, such as oral and written. The discussion will be illustrated with some examples from the popular television series The Simpsons.

GROWTH FACTORS AND COX2 IN WOUND HEALING: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY WITH EHRLICH TUMORS.

ABSTRACTBackground: Healing is an innate biological phenomenon, and carcinogenesis acquired, but with common humoral and cellular elements. Carcinogenesis interferes negatively in healing. Aim: To evaluate the histological changes in laparotomy scars of healthy Balb/c mice and with an Ehrlich tumor in its various forms of presentation. Methods: Fifty-four mice were divided into three groups of 18 animals. First group was the control; the second had Ehrlich tumor with ascites; and the third had the subcutaneous form of this tumor. Seven days after tumor inoculation, all 54 mice were submitted to laparotomy. All of the animals in the experiment were operated on again on 7th day after surgery, with resection of the scar and subsequent euthanasia of the animal. The scars were sent for histological assessment using immunohistochemical techniques to evaluate Cox-2 (cyclooxygenase 2), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and FGF (fibroblast growth factor). Semi-quantitatively analysis was done in the laparotomy scars and in the abdominal walls far away from the site of the operation. Results: Assessing the weight of the animals, the correct inoculation of the tumor and weight gain in the group with tumoral ascites was observed. The histological studies showed that groups with the tumor showed a statistically significant higher presence of Cox-2 compared to the control. In the Cox-2 analysis of the abdominal wall, the ascites group showed the most significant difference. VEGF did not present any significant differences between the three groups, regardless of the site. The FGF showed a significant increase in animals with the tumor. Conclusion: Histological findings in both laparotomy scar and the abdominal wall showed that with Ehrlich's neoplasia there was an exacerbated inflammatory response, translated by more intense expression of Cox-2 and greater fibroblast proliferation, translated by more intense expression of FGF, that is, it stimulated both the immediate inflammatory reactions, observed with Cox-2 reactions, and late scarring by fibroblasts and FGF.

ROY CAMPBELL’S CHILDREN’S NOVEL, THE MAMBA’S PRECIPICE

Roy Campbell’s The mamba’s precipice (1953), a novel for children, is his only prose work of fiction. This article examines three aspects of the book, namely its autobigraphical elements; its echoes of Campbell’s friendship with the writers Laurie Lee and Laurens van der Post; and its parallels with other English children’s literature. Campbell based the story on the holidays his family spent on the then Natal South Coast, and he writes evocative descriptions of the sea and the bush. The accounts of feats achieved by the boy protagonist recall Campbell’s self-mythologising memoirs. There are similarities and differences between The mamba’s precipice and the way Van der Post wrote about Natal in The hunter and the whale (1967). Campbell’s novel in some respects resembles nineteenth-century children’s adventure stories set in South Africa, and it also has elements of the humour typical of school stories of the ‘Billy Bunter’ era and the cosy, mundane activities and dialogue common to other mid-century South African and English children’s books.