Dangerous Elements Research Articles

The essence of the concept of violence in the theory of criminal law of Ukraine

Introduction. The problem of violence is traditionally one of the most relevant in domestic criminal law science. It is primarily about the problem of defining the meaning of the concept of "violence", the specifics of physical and mental (psychological) violence as objective signs of the components of violent crimes. Regarding physical violence, there are no terminological discussions in domestic legal science, in contrastto mental/psychological violence. It should be noted that both in the normative legalacts of Ukraine and in jurisprudence, both concepts of "mental violence" and"psychological violence" are found equally, so for the purposes of this article, we willuse both concepts. Violence is one of the most dangerous elements of violation of human rights, the provision of which in any legal social state is a priority direction of state policy. The aim of the article is to determine the essence of the concept of violence in the theory of criminal law of Ukraine. Conclusions. from the standpoint of social naturalism and a normative approach to a broad interpretation of the concept of violence, it is proposed to understand violence as both a physical and a psychological impact on the victim. The opposite approach, according to which violence is identified exclusively with physical impact on another person, is based on positivism and does not take into account the dualistic nature of this phenomenon. The main types of violence are physical and psychological. Objective and subjective signs of violence are singled out: this is illegal behavior that manifests itself in the external environment and is expressed in specific conscious acts of human activity; targeting another person's body; the presence of a specific addressee (the victim - in the case of direct violence, or his relatives - in the case of indirect violence); can take place both against and against the will of another person (victim);the intentional character of the person's behavior; the ability to influence the unconscious and cause physical, moral, property damage to another person; the presence of a goal to cause harm to another person of a certain nature. Key words: violence, aggression, physical violence, psychological violence,economic violence, sexual violence, mobbing, bullying, coercion, harm, influence, responsibility, inviolability, types of violence.

Source apportionment and probabilistic risk assessment of heavy metals in selenium-rich soils in Hainan Province, China

Heavy metal (HM) contamination severely restricts the safe utilization of selenium (Se)-rich soil. Based on 10 HMs in 3933 topsoil samples from Se-rich soils in Hainan Province, we used the enrichment factor (EF) to evaluate the pollution level of soil HMs; moreover, the positive matrix factorization (PMF), multivariate statistical analysis, and geostatistics were utilized to quantify the sources of soil HMs; and potential ecological risk index (RI) and human health risk (HHR) of different sources from five land use types were quantifiably determined via combined HM sources with RI and HHR assessment models. The evaluation results of EF showed that the Se-rich soils were moderate enrichment of Hg and Sb, but they were still characterized by lower content compared to other regions of the world. And four sources were quantitatively identified as natural sources (40.8 %), industrial sources (22.3 %), agricultural sources (23.6 %), and atmospheric sources (13.3 %). For RI, the atmospheric source was the main anthropogenic contributor to plowland, urban land, woodland, and unused land with 24 %, 30 %, 25 %, and 26 %, respectively, and Hg was the most dangerous element. But the contribution of industrial sources (25 %) to RI in the garden-land was higher than that of atmospheric sources (23 %). In terms of HHR, industrial sources were the primary anthropogenic contributors. Children were exposed to slight health risks, with Cr, As and Pb being the major contributors, and the cumulative probability of non-cancer and cancer risks for children was 14.93 % and 25.29 %, respectively. The cancer risk for children in garden-land (1.2E-04) and plowland (1.3E-04) exceeded the threshold (1.0E-04), which requires attention. Both non-cancer and cancer risks for adults were all at acceptable levels, with only a 15.89 % cumulative probability of cancer risk. Overall, the health risks of children were clearly higher than those of adults, and plowland and garden-land were at higher HMs risk than other land use types. The HMs risks in the study area were profoundly affected by the basalt, while the input of HMs from anthropogenic activities should be prioritized for the control of industrial activities.

Performance Evaluation of a Lane Correction Module Stress Test: A Field Test of Tesla Model 3

This paper is designed to explicate and analyze data acquired from experimental field tests of a Tesla Model 3 lane correction module within the vehicle’s Autopilot Suite, a component of Tesla OS. The initial problem was discovered during a nominal drive of the Tesla Model 3, where after a random number of lane correction events, the lane correction module shuts down, issues a visual disable warning on the touchscreen, and control of the vehicle is given to the driver until the next drive. That development was considered problematic, as the driver can be caught off guard or may be medically disabled and unable to respond. During a controlled stress test, a more severe issue was discovered. After a random number of lane correction events, the lane correction module shuts down without warning, then stays activated after the test driver corrects the vehicle’s trajectory. This is considered a fatal error in the system and adds a dangerous element to an otherwise standard feature in a modern automotive vehicle. The results established that the number of events needed to trigger a fatal error without warning is unpredictable. Our results also demonstrate that the system is inconsistent.

RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH BOVINE MASTITIS

Identifying danger elements for mastitis is imperative for the improvement of particular techniques to manage and forestall the disease. Considering that these elements might also range between areas and dairy farms, the goal of this work was once to evaluation the fundamental threat elements related with bovine mastitis, each scientific and subclinical, in distinct countries, additionally overlaying epidemiological factors of the sickness such as etiology and prevalence. Factors related with bovine mastitis may additionally be associated to the animal, the environment, herd administration and milking equipment. Risk elements for mastitis related with the animal can also be the depth of the udder, the presence of hyperkeratosis on the teats and udder hygiene. Other elements related with a greater hazard of mastitis, such as a greater wide variety of births/lactations/age, greater lactation stage/days in lactation and greater proportion of Holsteins in the herd. Factors related with decrease possibilities of mastitis are: carrying out a milking line, that is, milking cows with mastitis after wholesome cows or separately, the usage of disposable gloves at some stage in milking, pre-milking teat disinfection, drying teats, post-milking teat disinfection and ordinary protection of milking equipment. Regular mastitis research proceed to be imperative for adapting and creating new equipment for controlling and stopping the disease.

Threats Related to Maternal Mortality in Kenya: A Systematic Review

Given the high level of MMR in Kenya, this systematic review set out to systematically review studies on hazard quotients for maternal mortality in Kenya. The end goal of the review was to identify relevant empirical evidence that were included in the final study synthesis and answered the set research question and objectives. The addressed research question was ‘which are the elements of danger for maternal mortality in Kenya?’ Objectives of the study were to assess the socio-demographic risk factors for maternal mortality in Kenya and to determine the hospital based threats for maternal mortality in Kenya. Formulation of research question was guided by the population, exposure and outcomes (PEO) format. A qualitative systematic review design was adopted. The population under review was pregnant women and sample of the study included was 7. PubMed and Google Scholar were the databases used to access the included studies. CASP 2018 was used to appraise the selected/included studies. A qualitative synthesis was used by the study to present the results from the selected studies narratively. Study findings showed that individual level key risks for maternal mortality in Kenya included age, distance to healthcare centres, anaemia and labour complications. The results also showed that nurses’ attitude and mistreatment were among risk factors for ANC non-attendance and adverse health outcomes among pregnant women in Kenya. The study concludes that socio-demographic and hospital based risk factors affect MMR in Kenya and urgent steps have to be taken if SDG 3 is to be attained by the 2030 end date.

Identifikasi Bahaya Perencanaan Proyek Renovasi Gedung Hotel Horison Express Fatmawati Jakarta

The implementation of construction development is an activity that causes many elements of danger, so it has a risk of work accidents. Factors that cause work accidents, ranging from a lack of employee discipline in maintaining occupational health and safety. This identification aims to assess the risks in the Planning of the Horison Express Hotel Building Renovation Fatmawati Jakarta, using a questionnaire with a frequency value (F) and a severity value (A), the results of the identification of the IBPRP method there are work items with a moderate level of risk in the Lt. 1-4 the relative risk value is obtained with a value of 9 (medium), and the work with a high level of risk is in the Lt. Structural Work. 5-6 relative risk values obtained Value of 20 (High), the results of the identification there are 58 basic events that cause the basic risk of 26 items of work, obtained a presentation of the value of low risk level of: 50%, moderate risk level of: 46.5%, and high risk level of: 3.5%. For hazard identification methods other than using the IBPRP method, can use other hazard identification methods for research on the same theme.

Эко-НИОКР – 18 лет для охраны птиц на объектах электросетевого комплекса России

Эко-НИОКР – 18 лет для охраны птиц на объектах электросетевого комплекса России

Attentional Bias to Emotional Stimuli and Effects of Anxiety on the Bias in Neurotypical Adults and Adolescents

Human can rapidly detect and deal with dangerous elements in their environment, and they generally manifest as attentional bias toward threat. Past studies have reported that this attentional bias is affected by anxiety level. Other studies, however, have argued that children and adolescents show attentional bias to threatening stimuli, regardless of their anxiety levels. Few studies directly have compared the two age groups in terms of attentional bias to threat, and furthermore, most previous studies have focused on attentional capture and the early stages of attention, without investigating further attentional holding by the stimuli. In this study, we investigated both attentional bias patterns (attentional capture and holding) with respect to negative emotional stimulus in neurotypical adults and adolescents. The effects of anxiety level on attentional bias were also examined. The results obtained for adult participants showed that abrupt onset of a distractor delayed attentional capture to the target, regardless of distractor type (angry or neutral faces), while it had no effect on attention holding. In adolescents, on the other hand, only the angry face distractor resulted in longer reaction time for detecting a target. Regarding anxiety, state anxiety revealed a significant positive correlation with attentional capture to a face distractor in adult participants but not in adolescents. Overall, this is the first study to investigate developmental tendencies of attentional bias to negative facial emotion in both adults and adolescents, providing novel evidence on attentional bias to threats at different ages. Our results can be applied to understanding the attentional mechanisms in people with emotion-related developmental disorders, as well as typical development.

Eine vergessene Ausgabe von Ciceros De natura deorum

Abstract This article wants to recall a hitherto unnoticed edition of Cicero’s De Natura Deorum, which the classical philologist Matthäus Dresser (1536–1615) published with an extensive commentary. This edition, however, represents a remarkable peculiarity within the reception history of Cicero’s text, since Dresser neither claims to be a philologist, interested in textual criticism, nor a neutral historian of the philosophy of religion. Rather, as an apologetically oriented Protestant in times of confessional conflict, he is concerned with the argumentative validity of the different answers to the questions discussed in Cicero’s text: Do gods exist? What qualities do they have? What activities do they display? And which relevance do these answers have for Christian monotheism? Hence, we may speak of a selective commentary, first and foremost interested in the truth or falsehood of the various answers to these main questions, in order to set contemporary readers (especially scholars and students) on the right track and to save them from severe religious errors. Dresser aims to achieve his goal by adding to the text not only extensive Annotationes, but also an introductory Argumentum to each of the three Ciceronian books of De Natura Deorum. He also gives two Disputationes (in the form of theses) at the end of each book, which provide a résumé and further guidance on interpretation. Thus he firmly rejects the atomism of Epicureanism and its denial of Providence, as explained in the first book. Dresser has to take a differentiated view of the views of Stoicism as presented in the second book: Besides many beneficial doctrines, this school of philosophers also holds fatalistic and pantheistic views which have to be rejected as dangerous to the Christian faith. As the sceptic Cotta radically rebukes the religious views of Epicureanism in the third book, but also attacks in large part Stoic theism and its idea of providence, which is also dear to Dresser’s heart, he is forced to oppose academic scepticism. This gives rise to a “theodicy” avant la lettre by Dresser, since Cottas denial of providence had also argued with the existence of evil in God’s creation. The Epicurean conceptions of God are thus not an option. Those of Stoicism are acceptable if purged of dangerous elements. Scepticism in its radical academic form must be eliminated by argument. In this article, these features of Dresser’s Annotationes and Disputationes are described and analysed in detail. Important parts of his commentaries are quoted in the author’s translation. Completely translated are the Disputationes 1 and 2 to Book III, dealing with the sceptical ’epoché’ or retention of judgement. Thus, the contribution not only represents a unique example of the reception of Cicero’s De Natura Deorum in the age of confessionalism, but also gives an insight into the reception of the three Hellenistic schools of philosophy in the early modern period in general, especially that of scepticism.

A Brief Review of Recent Results in Arsenic Adsorption Process from Aquatic Environments by Metal-Organic Frameworks: Classification Based on Kinetics, Isotherms and Thermodynamics Behaviors.

In nature, arsenic, a metalloid found in soil, is one of the most dangerous elements that can be combined with heavy metals. Industrial wastewater containing heavy metals is considered one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants, especially for microorganisms and human health. An overabundance of heavy metals primarily leads to disturbances in the fundamental reactions and synthesis of essential macromolecules in living organisms. Among these contaminants, the presence of arsenic in the aquatic environment has always been a global concern. As (V) and As (III) are the two most common oxidation states of inorganic arsenic ions. This research concentrates on the kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which have been applied for arsenic ions uptake from aqueous solutions. This review provides an overview of the current capabilities and properties of MOFs used for arsenic removal, focusing on its kinetics and isotherms of adsorption, as well as its thermodynamic behavior in water and wastewater.

Topical Issues in the Study of Soviet Social Policy, 1917−1929

A series of 100th anniversaries of recent years (the First World War, the Revolution of 1917, the Russian Civil War, the introduction of the NEP) has stimulated historians and representatives of related sciences (sociologists, philosophers, political scientists, culturologists, economic historians, etc.) to summarize the study of this turning point for the national history of the period, which is increasingly often regarded as homogeneous (“the time of wars and revolutions”), as well as its immediate consequences, stretching back to the 1920s and 1930s. The works published within the framework of the anniversaries and the discussions that flared up around them more clearly exposed the least studied and controversial aspects of the problems and made it possible to identify urgent tasks for the future. Quite expectedly, the focus was on subjects such as rethinking the causes of the revolutionary events and the role of various social groups in them; comparison of the events of February and October 1917, the degree of discontinuity and continuity of processes and the existence of alternative ways of Russia’s development; characteristics of the armed forces and political movements opposed to the Bolsheviks; the relation of “red” and “white” terror; problems of social stratification in postrevolutionary Russia and the relationship between the concepts of former people, the socially alien, economically dangerous elements, NEPmen; etc. In addition, summarizing the results of studying the revolution and its consequences has contributed to the revival of conceptual discussions about totalitarianism, the social base of the Soviet regime of the 1920s−1930s, and the features of the formation of civil society in Russia, as well as about the conditions for the formation and specifics of the “welfare state” of the Soviet type. At the same time, one should admit that the problem of the social policy of the Bolsheviks, which directly relates to many of the above conceptual or debatable issues, remained practically outside the framework of scientific, historical, and political discussions. Meanwhile, for example, the outcome of the Civil War and the further fate of Russia were largely determined by the nature and priorities of the social policy of the warring parties, the degree of the attractiveness of their slogans for ordinary people in the rear and at the front, as well as the ability to bring these slogans to life. The problems of continuity with the pre-Soviet past of the country, the novelty and relevance for society of the Bolsheviks’ transformations in the social sphere, and their compliance with the global trends of the era also seem key to understanding many debatable issues of early Soviet history. In particular, it is impossible to answer the question about the presence or absence of elements of civil society and the so-called “welfare state” in Soviet Russia without an objective assessment of the social slogans declared by the state and the methods of their implementation, as well as the nature of the interaction between the authorities and society in solving certain topical tasks.

Invasive species of the flora of transformed sections of railway tracks in the bottom of the Dnister–Tiligul river

In order to study invasive species as dangerous elements of foreign flora, modern monitoring studies are needed under the conditions of various ecotopes of a wide range of their transformation. According to the «Strategy of biosecurity and biological protection», alien species are a threat to biodiversity at its various levels. Taking into account that railway tracks are one of the main ways of penetration and initial establishment of synanthropic species in new territories, in 2018–2021, the flora of the tracks in the areas of the Dniester floodplain was studied. 34 invasive species from 14 families were noted, they included Asteraceae (26.47% of species), Brassicaceae and Poaceae (17.65% each), Amaranthaceae (8.82%) and others. The majority of species (55.88%) grows both on track sections and (in addition) next to ruderalized sections of overburden. Another 11 species (32.35%) can be found on tracks, ruderalized areas of overburden and on the roadsides of the nearby highway. Only two species (5.88%) are cultivated. Two more species such as Amaranthus powellii S.Watson, Oxybaphus nyctagineus (Michx.) Sweet are noted only on railway tracks and sections of railway infrastructure. According to the life form, nine species (26.47%) are hemicryptophytes. 23 ones are therophytes (67.65%). Two species are fanerophytes (5.88%). According to the chronotype, 41.18% of the species are aschaeophytes. Kenophytes make 58.82%. Among archaeophytes, most plant species have a frequency of occurrence — «scattered» and «abundant» (35.71% each). Among the kenophyres, there are the most species whose plants were «scattered» (40.00%). In general, the majority of invasive species, by frequency of occurrence, belong to the «scattered» (38.25%) and «abundant» (23.53%) categories. Also there are «single» (17.65%), «usually» (11.77%), «single locality» (8.82%). Most species (70.60%) are represented by wide ranges: cosmopolitan (and hemi-cosmopolitan) make 44.12%, Eurasian form 14.71%, Euro-American make 11.77%. Eight species (23.53%) are particularly dangerous for the environment, as they are transformers of local growth. Most of the plants of invasive species of railway tracks were also found on adjacent ruderalized areas. Therophytes, kenophytes and species with a wide range prevail. They are found, mostly «scattered» and «abundant». Eight species (23.53%) are the most dangerous for environment, because they transform ground place (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Centaurea diffusa, Conyza canadensis, Grindelia squarrosa, Iva xanthiifolia, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Anisantha tectorum, Setaria glauca).

PSG7 indicates that age at diagnosis is associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma: A study based on the cancer genome atlas data.

The age of the patients at diagnosis (age at diagnosis) is a self-contained element of danger for the prognosis of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), which has been well recognized and continuously adopted by the international cancer staging system. However, few studies have investigated its intrinsic mechanisms. In this study, we aim to comprehensively reveal the age-related pathogenesis of PTC and identify potential prognostic biomarkers. We divided the samples into two groups, young and elderly, to filter differentially expressed genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), with an age of 55 years serving as a cutoff. Moreover, we combined univariate, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses to construct age-related signatures for predicting progression-free survival. Additionally, functional enrichment analysis, immune infiltration analysis, differential expression analysis, clinicopathological correlation analysis, and drug sensitivity analysis were performed in different risk subgroups and expression subgroups. We screened 88 upregulated genes and 58 downregulated genes. Both the LASSO regression model that is validated in TCGA and the model of six age-related prognostic genes (IGF2BP1, GPRC6A, IL37, CRCT1, SEMG1, and PSG7) can be used to evaluate the progression-free survival of PTC patients. The GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses revealed that each key gene was closely associated with PTC development. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells decreased significantly, while regulatory T cells increased dramatically in the high-risk and PSG7 high expression groups. PSG7 was remarkably correlated with clinicopathological parameters (pathologic stage, T stage, and N stage) of PTC patients, and PSG7 expression was elevated in tumor samples from both TCGA and the Gene Expression Omnibus and was strongly associated with progressive stage and poor prognosis. Our results provide an innovative understanding of the age-related molecular mechanisms of PTC development. PSG7 was identified to exert a critical role in PTC progression and may serve as a promising strategy for predicting the prognosis of PTC.

Assessment of the level of soil pollution of agricultural lands Kotlin Island

The article deals with the problems of soil contamination with various dangerous elements on the example of various territories of Kotlin Island (Russian Federation). This island has a very high load on the ecological system due to military installations, factories and heavy traffic through the dam. Soils from various regions of Kotlin Island were studied for the presence of heavy metals in them. There is limited agricultural activity in these areas. Multiple sampling was carried out from the sites of the selected territories. The samples were examined on an X-ray spectrometer. A relationship has been established between the sampling site and the level of contamination with various heavy metals. A comparison with previously obtained data by other scientists was made, and a trend in pollution change was established. Proposed measures to reduce the level of pollution.

Policy of the Russian Empire Regarding the Polish Population of Right-Bank Ukraine in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century

Aim. The purpose of the scientific article is to reveal the specifics of the policy of the Russian Empire towards the Polish population on the territory of the Right-Bank of Ukraine. Methods. The research methodology is based on the principles of scientificity, historicism, systematics. During the research work, both general scientific (analysis and synthesis, systematisation and generalisation) and special scientific methods were used: problem-thematic, as well as system-structural. Results. The politics of the Russian government towards the poles had an important place in the socio-political life of Right-bank Ukraine. Using legislative documents and ordinances, the Russian government introduced a number of restrictive measures that were supposed to control and weaken the influence of Poles on the socio-economic life of the region. Conclusions. The Russian authorities tried to neutralise the influence of the Polish population and the Roman Catholic Church. Determining the presence of Poles and regulating their number depended on the strict control of the Russian government. The Poles were seen as a “dangerous element” threatening the policy of tsarist autocracy. That is why the authorities decided to undermine their socio-economic position by depriving them of a significant number of privileges.

Hybrid Hydro-pyrometallurgical Process for Zn Recovery from Electric Arc Furnace Dust

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) which is considered hazardous waste, contains significant amounts of Zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and some dangerous elements. Zn exists in the dust as Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Zinc Ferrite (ZnFe2O3) which is difficult to be leached with traditional methods. The main objective of the suggested process is to recover Zn from EAFD by using a hybrid pyro/hydrometallurgical method. This method includes mixing cement dust and EAFD and heating the mixture in a pyrometallurgical treatment step to convert ZnFe2O3 to ZnO. This step is followed by leaching the treated dust with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution using different Solid/Liquid (S/L) ratios through different time intervals in a hydrometallurgical treatment step. Finally, Zn-metal can be recovered from the leached solution in an electrochemical step (electro-winning). About 82 % of the Zn originally presented in the EAFD sample was successfully extracted by using a treatment mixture of 2:1 cement dust: EAFD at 1000 °C for 2 hrs., then leaching with 2M NaOH solution with an S/L ratio of 1/20 for 6 hrs. at a stirring rate of 250 rpm.

Suitability of Porous Inorganic Materials from Industrial Residues and Bioproducts for Use in Horticulture: A Multidisciplinary Approach

This study follows a circular economy approach through the preliminary implementation of a coated porous inorganic material (PIM), studied as sustainable controlled release fertilizer, and its application for lettuce Lactuca sativa L. cultivar Chiara growth. The PIM was made of pumice scraps that partially replaced clay as a natural raw material, spent coffee grounds as a porous agent, bovine bone ash and potassium carbonate to provide phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) nutrients, respectively. A coating made with defatted black soldier fly prepupae biomass was used as a nitrogen (N) source. Most of the ingredients used were industrial residues, with the aim of valorizing the raw waste materials present locally. The suitability of PIMs as a fertilizer was investigated with an interdisciplinary approach, which included the first chemical and physical characterization of the material, the evaluation of its antibacterial properties and of its use in horticulture through lettuce growth tests. As tests were carried out indoors, a specific LED lighting device was used to grow the lettuce. The release of nutrients into the soil was estimated by measuring the main elements in the fertilizers before and after their use in the soil. The first results from this characterization study support PIMs’ suitability for agronomic applications. The use of the PIMs suggested average higher dry weight (49%), fresh weight (112%), and leaf area (48%), compared to those with the use of a standard fertilizer soil, without the release of any dangerous element for the plant in the soil. These results are a promising beginning for the development of further studies already in progress on sustainable controlled-release fertilizers.

WAYS OF THE CADMIUM ACCUMULATION MONITORING IN SUNFLOWER AND OTHER CROPS: OVERVIEW

Steady trend of the last salt is an increase in the total concentration of dangerous elements and their compounds in agricultural soils. The consequence of this process is the growth of requirements for crop quality and the intensification of research aimed at forming a theoretical basis and finding practical ways to solve this problem. With the development of industry, Cd pollution becomes more and more serious, which poses a serious threat to agricultural production and human health. Cadmium (Cd) is an important pollutant in farmland soil. Breeding of low Cd accumulation crops can reduce the risk of heavy metal removing into the human food chains and can solve the problem of food safety production in contaminated soil. Therefore, studies on Cd absorption and accumulation in crops have attracted the attention of researchers all over the world. The possibility of solving this problem (to create vatieties with low Cd accumulation) by selection methods in particular, sunflower, rice, wheat, soybean and maize, is considered in the article. From the other hand, the ability of individual crops and varieties to accumulate of high concentrations of harmful elements in the future can be realized as a separate selection and technological direction for the remediation of agricultural land. This paper reviews and summarizes the physiological characteristics of uptake, transport and antioxidant response of crops to Cd stress. The differences between them indicate that different crop varieties adopt different adaptation strategies to Cd stress. The characteristics of Cd accumulation in several crops such as sunflower are expounded. Methods to reduce Cd uptake in crops and breeding strategies for low Cd are put forward. Finally, the problems and prospects of low Cd breeding are put forward. In order to further promote the breeding of Cd low accumulation crops, the breeding utilization should be strengthened in the future, too. It will provide important theoretical guidance and ideas for reducing Cd uptake in crops and low Cd breeding in the future. The relevance of the problem of the cadmium controlling migration along the food chain determines the need of experimental studies, primarily in countries with the dominance of sunflower in the сrops area structure.

Risk Factors for TERT Promoter Mutations with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Patients: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Whether TERT promoter mutation is related to more aggressive clinicopathologic features and worse outcomes in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients (PTCs) is still variable and controversial. Our intention was to investigate the risk or prognostic factors that may additionally predict the TERT promoter mutation doable of these lesions and new prevention techniques in PTCs. A total of 2,539 PTC patients with 11.50% TERT mutation have been analyzed using Revman 5.3 software in this study. The PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched for works published until November 9, 2021. The following variables had been associated with an extended chance of TERT promoter mutation in PTC patients: age < 45 years (MD = 10.93, 95%CI = 7.25–14.61); gender = male (pooled OR = 1.63, 95%CI = 1.17–2.28); tumor size > 1 cm (MD = 0.56, 95%CI = 0.34–0.77); lymph node metastasis (pooled OR = 1.29, 95%CI = 0.93–1.79); vascular invasion (pooled OR = 1.78, 95%CI = 0.83–3.84); extrathyroidal extension (pooled OR = 2.00, 95%CI = 1.32–3.02); distant metastasis (pooled OR = 1.46, 95%CI = 1.04–2.04); advanced TNM stage (pooled OR = 3.19, 95%CI = 2.28–4.45). In addition, multifocality (pooled OR = 0.67, 95%CI = 0.14–3.24) had no affiliation with TERT promoter mutation in PTC patients. Our finding showed that age < 45 years, male, tumor size > 1 cm, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and superior/advanced TNM stage were dangerous elements for TERT promoter mutation of worse effect in PTCs while that multifocality was once negatively correlated. TERT promoter mutation is drastically associated with recurrence and PTC-related mortality.

Adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution by pomelo fruit peel-derived biochar

Removing hazardous metals from aqueous solution using biomaterials synthesized from waste resources with low cost is a novel strategy in environmental science and application. Among those hazardous metals, lead is one of the most dangerous elements because it significantly affects human-body organs. In the present study, biochar prepared from pomelo fruit peel using a green synthesized method was utilized to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The effects of pH, adsorption time, ion strength, and Pb(II) initial concentration on the Pb(II) adsorption of this material were investigated. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Sip, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-diffusion models were used to study the isotherm and kinetic properties of the material. Results showed that the uptake followed the intra-diffusion kinetic model and the maximum Pb(II) mono-adsorption capacity determined from the Langmuir equation was 92.13 mg/g at 303 K. Furthermore, by combining conventional characterization methods as SEM-EDX, BET-BJH and FT-IR with advanced nuclear analytical techniques as positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) and electron momentum distribution (EMD), we found that the Pb(II) adsorption should be occurred via three stages, namely (i) electrostatic attractions that affect the external diffusion; (ii) ion-exchanges that control the internal diffusion; and (iii) chemical interactions. In particular, the PAL and EMD analyses provided, for the first time, an in-depth study on the adsorption mechanism that the ion-exchanges and/or electrostatic interactions occurred due to the diffusion of Pb(II) ions into the defects, vacancies, and/or vacancy clusters and/or the filling of Pb(II) ions into the micropores of biochar.