Levels Of Elements Research Articles

Mitochondrial respiration in white adipose tissue is dependent on body mass index and tissue location in patients undergoing oncological or parietal digestive surgery.

Adipose tissue (AT), is a major endocrine organ that plays a key role in health and disease. However, adipose dysfunctions, especially altered energy metabolism, have been under-investigated as white adipocytes have relatively low mitochondrial density. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that mitochondria could play a major role in AT disorders and that AT mitochondrial activity could depend on adiposity level and location. This clinical study aimed to evaluate mitochondrial respiration and metabolism in human visceral (vAT) and subcutaneous (scAT) AT and their relationship with body mass index (BMI). This clinical study enrolled 67 patients (30 females/37 males) scheduled for digestive surgery without chemotherapy and parietal infection. BMI ranged from 15.4 to 51.9 kg·m-2 and body composition was estimated by computed tomographic images. Mitochondrial respiration was measured insitu in digitonin-permeabilized AT using high-resolution respirometry and a substrate/inhibitor titration approach. Protein levels of mitochondrial and lipid metabolism key elements were evaluated by Western blot. Maximal mitochondrial respiration correlated negatively with BMI (p < .01) and AT area (p < .001) regardless of the anatomical location. However, oxidative phosphorylation respiration was significantly higher in vAT (2.22 ± 0.15 pmol·sec-1·mg-1) than scAT (1.79 ± 0.17 pmol·sec-1·mg-1) (p < 0.001). In line with oxygraphy results, there were higher levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in low-BMI patients and vAT. Mitochondrial respiration decreased with increasing BMI in both scAT and vAT, without sex-associated difference. Mitochondrial respiration appeared to be higher in vAT than scAT. These differences were both qualitative and quantitative. Clinical Trials Registration IDNCT05417581.

Nutritional and functional outcomes in trials of nutrient-stimulated hormone-based therapy-A systematic mapping review.

Currently, trials are investigating the efficacy of nutrient-stimulated hormone-based therapies (NuSHs) in promoting weight loss in people living with overweight and obesity. However, the extent to which nutritional and functional outcomes are evaluated remains uncertain. Thus, we conducted a systematic mapping to assess the presence of nutritional and functional outcomes in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating NuSHs. We conducted a systematic mapping search on the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), which includes ClinicalTrials.gov and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for interventional trials of NuSHs registered from inception to December 31, 2023. We excluded non- and quasi-randomized trials, phase I trials, trials that did not include body weight as a primary or secondary outcome, trials with an intervention duration of less than 6months, and trials that did not specify a body mass index threshold in their eligibility criteria. Outcomes included: dietary intake, eating behavior, body composition, physical performance, muscle strength, bone health, and levels of vitamins, trace elements, albumin, prealbumin, and hemoglobin. The search identified 2284 trials, of which 417 were included in the analysis. The proportion of RCTs that included nutritional assessment other than body weight increased over time. Approximately, 20.4% reported measurements of body composition, 17.3% reported measurements of albumin/prealbumin/hemoglobin, and 17% reported assessment of dietary intake and eating behavior. Evaluations of bone health, physical performance, muscle strength, and measurements of vitamins/trace elements were reported in less than 5% of the total trials each. The present review has shown the sparse reporting of nutritional and functional outcomes in RCTs evaluating the impact of NuSHs.

Studi Blending Nikel Antara Barging Stockpile Dengan Hasil Aktual Pada PT Ariano Bintang Cemerlang

PT Ariano Bintang Cemerlang, Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi, is one of the companies that manages laterite nickel ore into ferronickel (FeNi) products, with a Cut Off Grade (COG) of 1.40% Ni. In the nickel management process, one of the important steps taken is blending. However, in practice, differences are often found between the projected nickel quality of the barging stockpile and the actual results after the blending process. This study aims to analyze the correspondence between the nickel quality at the barging stockpile and the actual results after blending, identify the factors that affect the difference, and provide recommendations for optimizing the blending process. This study uses a quantitative approach to analyze the conformity between the nickel quality at the barging stockpile and the actual results after the blending process. The results of the blending process analysis show that actual blending has a tendency to produce higher elemental levels in some parameters compared to plan blending. The difference between plan blending and actual blending data can be caused by the material in the stockpile, the inaccuracy of material retrieval, the efficiency of the blending equipment and process, the moisture content and condition of the material, the method of analysis and sampling. A more structured management of materials in the stockpile is needed to minimize these differences.

The effect of the genotype of holstein bulls on the phosphorus content in the liver of descendants

Russian and foreign scientists continue to systematize knowledge about the accumulation of macroand microelements in the body of animals, as their study remains an urgent topic for many studies. Questions about the hereditary determination of the level of macroand microelements in animal organs and tissues are also being studied. Currently, articles by Russian and foreign authors contain separate, disparate information about the macroand microelement status of farm animals and fish of different species. Our article describes data on the phosphorus content in the liver of offspring obtained from producing bulls of the Holstein breed. The research was conducted in Kuzbass. The studied animals were in the same conditions of maintenance and feeding. The groups were formed according to the principle of analogues. The same feeding and maintenance conditions were created for the experimental animals. In the animal breeding area, the content of macroand microelements in soil, water and feed was determined, the level of heavy metals was within acceptable concentrations. The phosphorus content in the liver was determined by atomic emission spectrometry on the ICP AES IRIS device. The phosphorus level in the offspring of the sons of different Holstein bulls was in the range of 2964–3417 mg/kg. In the liver of the descendants of some bulls, the phosphorus content was 1.15 times higher than in others. The index of the strength of the influence (RW) of fathers on the phosphorus content in the liver of sons was 0,49 (p &lt; 0.05). This indicates the influence of the genotype of fathers on the phosphorus content in the liver of descendants. The level of phenotypic variability of phosphorus concentration in the liver of offspring of different bulls was in the range of 5.6–11.6 %. The obtained average values of phosphorus levels can be taken as the physiological norm for animals of the Holstein breed in Western Siberia. The study of the level of phosphorus and other elements in organs and tissues expands the understanding of the chemical status of animals and is a characteristic of the interior.

P0895 The Prognostic Significance of Visceral Adiposity indices in conjunction with Plasma Trace Elements in Newly Diagnosed Crohn's Disease

Abstract Background While imbalances in trace elements are recognized for causing dysfunction in adipose tissue and disease onset and progression of CD, the relationship between the initial status of trace elements and the risk of VAT accumulation in patients with CD remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of trace element deficiencies among newly diagnosed CD patients, explore how these deficiencies relate to VAT accumulation, and examine their implications for disease progression. In particular, we focus on magnesium due to its potential therapeutic effects, evaluating its role in experimental colitis models to assess its impact on inflammation and immune responses. Methods The analysis was based on an inception cohort of 300 patients newly diagnosed with CD between July 2019 and June 2022. Plasma trace element levels were measured at baseline. VAT was evaluated using computed tomography (CT) scans obtained at first diagnosis. Patients were followed for a period of two years to monitor outcomes. Logistic regression analyses were performed for statistical assessment. To elucidate magnesium's therapeutic mechanisms, we employed DSS-induced colitis mouse models and conducted in vitro CD4+ T cell activation experiments. Gut microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results Deficiency in iron was most prevalent affecting 25.67% of the patients, with zinc deficiency at a rate of 3.67%. An inverse correlation was observed between magnesium levels and VAT index (β=-0.24, p&amp;lt;0.001). Reduced levels of zinc and magnesium were predictive of adverse clinical outcomes (OR=0.51, p=0.002; OR=0.52, p=0.001) and drug outcomes (OR=0.39, p&amp;lt;0.001; OR=0.57, p=0.004). Further stratified analysis revealed that the protecive effect of magnesium was significant exclusively in patients with a VAT-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio (VAT/SAT) ≥1. Magnesium supplementation attenuated colonic inflammation in DSS-induced colitis mouse model, reduced infiltration of CD4⁺T cells, and enhanced gut microbiota diversity. Notably, there was a significant increase in beneficial bacteria, including butyrate-producing genera such as Intestinimonas, Clostridia_UCG-014, and Paludicola. In vitro studies further demonstrated magnesium's capacity to suppress inflammatory cytokine production by CD4⁺ T cells from patients with CD. Conclusion Disruptions in baseline trace elements correlate with poor outcomes in CD patients. The interaction between trace elements and VAT may impact disease progression. Magnesium's therapeutic effects, mediated through immunomodulation and microbiota regulation, highlight its potential as a therapeutic target for personalized treatment approaches in inflammatory bowel disease.

Boron fertilization in a boreal Norway spruce forest: long-lasting effects on growth and nutrition

Abstract Background and aims Boron (B) deficiency is widespread in boreal forests, but it can be prevented by fertilization. As B deficiency reduces root growth, it may affect the uptake of other nutrients. We assessed the persistence of the effects of a one-time B application on growth and nutrition of Norway spruce (Picea abies). Methods A single-tree B-fertilization experiment was established in a highly productive stand in eastern Finland in 2000 and followed until 2018. The applied B dose was 2 kg ha−1. Results After 19 growing seasons, height growth was higher in B-fertilized trees and the effect was not waning. Diameter growth was not affected. The mean needle-B concentration without B fertilizer was 1.7 mg kg−1 and with B-fertilizer, 4.8 mg kg−1. Boron-fertilized trees had higher foliar aluminium (Al), carbon (C), copper (Cu) and sulfur (S) concentrations, and lower soluble silicon (Si). Conclusions The positive B effect on growth persisted after 19 years. Boron concentrations remained higher in fertilized trees, although lower than at the early stages of the experiment. Boron fertilization maintained Cu and S levels above deficiency limits. The small but consistent change in C indicates a change in needle compounds. Increased Al may result from reduced Si accumulation, as Al co-deposition with Si alleviates Al toxicity. Further studies are required to optimize B-fertilization practices and to elucidate the mechanisms behind the effects on height growth and the levels of other elements. A combination of soluble and sparingly soluble fertilizers could further increase the duration of the effect.

Geochemical signatures and contamination levels of rare earth elements in soil profiles controlled by parent rock and soil properties.

Rare earth elements (REEs) are emerging contaminants rendering potential risks in soils to environmental quality and human health. The causation between their geochemical signatures and contamination levels with parent rocks and soil properties are critical for REEs risk assessments, which are urgently needed globally. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate cause-and-effect among hydrofluoric-acid-digested total and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid extracted bioavailable soil REEs and their contamination degree evaluated by pollution indices in 268 soil layer (horizon) samples from 50 soil profiles derived from felsic, intermediate, mafic, ultramafic, and sedimentary rocks in Taiwan. The total REEs was 133 ± 61.9mg/kg and all individual REEs were classified as minimal contamination by the enrichment factor. The highest total soil REEs was from granite, followed by sandstone and shale, mafic rocks, andesite, and ultramafic rocks. All soils were ranked as significantly pollution risk by the pollution loading index. Furthermore, REEs were accumulated in all subsoils due to the co-translocation with soil colloids during the intensive leaching, corresponding with their higher geoaccumulation index value than those in surface soils. The contamination degree and bioavailable REEs significantly increased with the increasing total REEs. However, the stronger sequestration of clay and free Fe oxides for heavy REEs (HREEs) over light REEs (LREEs) mitigated their bioavailability, especially in the highly weathered soils like Ultisols and Oxisols. This study highlighted the dominance of soil properties in REEs fractionation, where the preferential fixation of soil colloids for HREEs throughout soil profiles reduced their uptake risk for biome even under the rising contamination potential.

Recent Advances of Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Plants Applications, Prospects, and Challenges.

Nanomaterials and nanotechnology have garnered significant attention in the realm of agricultural production. Carbon dots (CDs), as a class of nanomaterials, play a crucial role in the field of plant growth due to their excellent properties. This review aims to summarize recent achievements on CDs, focusing on their methods of preparation and applications in plants systems. The effects of CDs on seed germination, growth, photosynthesis, nutritional quality, and stress resistance were studied. It has been demonstrated that CDs can promote seed germination and growth, as well as improve photosynthetic efficiency, ultimately leading to increase plants yield. The nutritional quality of the plants treated with CDs was significantly improved. Specifically, the levels of essential mineral elements, vitamins, amino acids, and other constituents that are beneficial to human health increased notably. Additionally, CDs show positive effects on augmenting plant resistance against environmental stresses, such as drought conditions, heavy metal toxicity, and high salinity. Finally, the prospects and challenges of the application of CDs in plant systems are also discussed, which provide a scientific basis for the future application of CDs in agricultural production.

Changes in salivary trace element levels correlate with periodontal health state of non-smokers, smoker and reverse smokers

Aim: The present research study was undertaken to find the changes in the levels of trace elements in saliva of healthy, non-smoker periodontitis, smoker periodontitis and reverse smoker periodontitis and to check if they can be used as a biomarker for easy detection of periodontitis. Methodology: Whole unstimulated saliva samples of the individuals were collected and processed to remove cell debris and mucous. Aluminium, copper, zinc, strontium, and chromium were analysed in the samples using an Agilent Microwave - Plasma atomic emission spectrometer. Results: Significantly higher levels of aluminium and copper were observed in the reverse smoker periodontitis group when compared to healthy group. The levels of strontium and zinc significantly decreased in reverse smoker periodontitis group. An antagonistic correlation between copper and zinc was observed in periodontitis groups. Interpretation: The present work shows that the estimation of different trace elements can help in easy identification of periodontitis and assessment of the severity of disease. Key words: Periodontitis, Saliva, Smoker periodontitis, Trace elements

Analysing the impact of electric kick-scooters on drivers: vibration and frequency transmission during the ride on different types of urban pavements

The purpose of this research is to determine the vertical vibration and frequency spectrum transmitted to the rider by electric scooters travelling on different types of road surfaces. Vibration analysis involves the measurement of vibration levels of e-scooter elements, accompanied by the analysis of the Fourier Transform Spectrum and using a t-sample measurement design and a one-sample statistical method. Approach in the research allows overall driver comfort to be assessed through frequency and vibration analysis, considering vibrations received by the hands and the whole body. In addition, the natural frequencies of the electric scooter components and their stability are being investigated to assess vibration transformation. The study includes an assessment of ride comfort and considers potential health implications. The results obtained facilitate the identification of critical risks associated with vertical vibration frequencies transmitted to individuals when riding electric kick-scooters in urban areas with different types of pavements.

Ameliorative role of bioactive compounds against lead-induced neurotoxicity.

Lead (Pb) is an environmental toxin ubiquitously present in the human environment due to anthropogenic activities and industrialization. Lead can enter the human body through various sources and pathways, such as inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact, leading to detrimental health effects. The majority of lead that enters the body is removed by urine or feces; however, under chronic exposure conditions, lead is not efficient, as lead is absorbed and transferred to numerous organs, such as the brain, liver, kidney, muscles, and heart, and it is ultimately stored in mineralizing tissues such as bones and teeth. The central nervous system is the most affected among all the organs and systems affected, as lead is a known neurotoxin. Lead absorption is elevated in the fasting state than in the fed state. Chelation therapy, which is used to treat lead poisoning, has various adverse effects, making this treatment detrimental because it disrupts the levels of other essential elements and redistributes lead to various tissues. One of the main mechanisms by which lead induces toxicity is through the generation of reactive oxygen species. Hence, bioactive compounds that are the source of antioxidants if consumed along with ongoing lead exposure can ameliorate the toxic effects of lead.

Reprogrammable Flexible Piezoelectric Actuator Arrays with a High Degree of Freedom for Shape Morphing and Locomotion.

The high degree of freedom (DoF) shape morphing widely exists in biology for mimicry, camouflage, and locomotion. Currently, a lot of bionic soft/flexible actuators and robots with shape-morphing functions have been developed to realize conformity, grasp, and movement. Among these solutions, two-dimensional responsive materials and structures that can shape morph into different three-dimensional configurations are valuable for creating reversible high DoF shape morphing. However, most existing methods are predetermined through the fabrication process and cannot reprogram their shape, facing limitations on multifunction. Besides, the achievable geometries are very limited due to the device's low integrated level of actuator elements. Here, we develop a polyvinylidene fluoride flexible piezoelectric actuator array based on a row/column addressing (RCA) scheme for reprogrammable high DoF shape morphing and locomotion. The specially designed row/column electrodes form a 6 × 6 array, which contains 36 actuator elements. By developing a high-voltage RCA control system, we can individually control all the elements in the array, leading to a highly reprogrammable array with various sophisticated high DoF shape morphing. We also demonstrate that the array is capable of propelling a robotic fish with various locomotions. This research provides a new method and approach for biomimetic robotics with better mimicry, aero/hydrodynamic efficiency, and maneuverability, as well as haptic display and object manipulation.

Роль культурной безопасности в концепции национальной безопасности Китая с позиций интерпретации «совокупной силы» теории марксизма

The article examines one of the problems of China's cultural security theory in the research of Chinese authors, who see in the Marxist doctrine of "cumulative force" one of the options for substantiating the interdependence of cultural and national security, on the one hand, and elements (levels, directions, etc.) of cultural security, on the other. Modern Chinese philosophy of culture, analyzing the ideas and thoughts of political leader Xi Jinping on the role of culture in security issues, cultural security in national security concepts, defining new methodological approaches to research, turns to the philosophy of Marxism, which is interpreted in China as a theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The purpose of this study is to substantiate that Chinese philosophers, referring to the Marxist doctrine of "cumulative force", interpret cultural security as the cumulative effect of the interaction of many internal and external cultural factors that ensure the protection and preservation of the cultural identity of the Chinese nation. The novelty of this study lies in the interpretation of China's cultural security as a systemically organized dynamic process aimed at protecting and preserving national heritage. The results of the study confirm that the appeal to the doctrine of the "cumulative force" of F. Engels reveals new possibilities for Chinese philosophers to substantiate their understanding of the possibilities of cultural security.

Potentially toxic trace elemental levels in the malignant and non-malignant tissues of lungs: a comparative study by multivariate analysis from Pakistan

ABSTRACT Lung cancer is the most prevalent and main cause of tumour-related deaths across the world. Exposure to environmental and occupational toxicants such as toxic trace elements is an important cause of lung carcinoma. Keeping in view, the current investigation was aimed to measure the concentrations of 10 elements Mn, Mg, Ni, Zn, Se, Cr, Cd, Fe, Pb and Cu in the malignant tissues and non-malignant tissues samples of lungs of patients. The samples were digested in HNO3 and HClO4 solutions and analysed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometric technique. On the average, significantly elevated levels of copper , lead , cadmium and chromium were detected in the malignant tissues than the non-malignant tissues of patients. Most of the elements exhibited noticeably disparities in their concentrations based on sex, nutritional habits, habitat and smoking habits of donor groups. The correlation coefficients between the elements in malignant tissues and non-malignant tissues were significantly diversed. Based on lung cancer types, zinc and cadmium were raised in adenocarcinoma, whereas copper and cadmium were elevated in squamous cell carcinoma patients. Average magnesium, zinc and lead were highest in stage IV, while nickel and iron were maximum in stage-III of the malignant tissues. The chromium and manganese referred to be maximum at stage-II while selenium, copper and cadmium were elevated at stage-I. Multivariate statistical methods based on the elemental concentrations exhibited clearly divergent groupings which may be linked to alter the metabolism of the metals in the tumour tissues and non tumour tissues of lungs.

Essential and toxic elements in nail samples from fishermen in Turkey

Toxic substances in seafood can accumulate in consumers and cause serious health problems. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the levels of 11 essential and toxic elements (arsenic, copper, mercury, zinc, iron, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, selenium and titanium) in nail samples from fishermen who frequently consumed seafood and control groups who consumed them less frequently. This study was conducted in the Marmara Sea coastal cities of Istanbul, Kocaeli, Tekirdağ and Yalova. 352 individuals were enrolled, 263 fishermen and 89 controls. A questionnaire was administered to the individuals, then fingernail samples were collected. Nail samples were digested by the addition of HNO3 and H2O2, then the element levels was measured by ICP-MS. Zinc and iron levels in fishermen’s nails were higher than in controls. Positive correlations were observed between levels of arsenic, mercury, iron, cadmium, chromium, lead, nickel, selenium, and titanium in the fishermen’s nails and monthly seafood consumption. Mean nail zinc and copper levels were lower than expected in both groups. Other elements were at expected levels. In conclusion, consuming seafood caught in this region does not result in element exposure sufficient to represent a risk, but may increase in the burdens of some elements.

Erratum to “Assessing background levels of trace elements in soils of Mato Grosso (Brazil) for environmental and food security” [CATENA 244 (2024) 108267

Erratum to “Assessing background levels of trace elements in soils of Mato Grosso (Brazil) for environmental and food security” [CATENA 244 (2024) 108267

Assessment of macroalgae and macroalgal extracts as a source of minerals in need of fine-tuning in multiple livestock production systems

This study evaluates the levels of macrominerals (Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, S), essential trace elements (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Zn) and potentially toxic trace elements (Cd, Hg, Pb, As (inorganic and organic)) in seven species of macroalgae and in their extracts. The potential maximum levels of inclusion of macroalgal biomass and extracts in feed were assessed in multiple livestock (swine, ruminant, poultry, leporine and pisciculture). Overall, macroalgae contained high levels of I, reaching its highest levels in S. latissima (4131mg/kg DM) and L. ochroleuca (2780mg/kg DM). Arsenic concentrations ranged from 4.10mg/kg DM in Ulva spp. to 68.9mg/kg DM in S. latissima. Arsenic was mainly present as arsenosugars, of relatively low toxicity. Extracts had higher macrominerals and I levels, and lower essential and toxic trace elements levels compared to the biomass. Macroalgal biomass and extracts can be added to feed at 1-5% to fulfill the physiological needs of multiple livestock, being I contents the main factor limiting highest inclusion rates. Inclusion of S. latissima and L. ochroleuca should be limited to 0.72 and 0.66%, respectively. Maximum level of inclusion of different macroalgal products, as dried biomass or extracts, must be finely tuned. Low levels of inclusion of macroalgae and/or extracts in feed can be considered as an efficient and natural strategy to fulfill the macrominerals and iodine needs of multiple livestock.

Конструювання реальності в літературному репортажі: фікційний вимір документального

The article analyzes the methods of constructing reality in literary reportage, using examples from German-language literary reportage texts of the 19th–21st centuries. It is noted that, given the hybrid nature of this text type, it is characterised by documentariness, which implies the depiction of reality through artistic means through the prism of the author's own experience. This feature justifies the consideration of fictional and documentary components in it not in opposition, but in their complementarity as components of a single textual space. It is established that such a combination contributes to a deeper disclosure of the topic, creates an emotionally rich narrative, while maintaining a connection with reality, which makes the text both reliable and artistically expressive. In order to identify the strategy of constructing reality and establish the relationship between the fictional and the documentary, the analysis was carried out within three categories: text structure, formal features and internal characteristic elements (level of direct presence, character level, documentary level). It was found that the presence of photographs and maps in the text, accurate descriptions of the place of action, chronological narration with time specification, detailing of audio elements, direct speech of characters and integration of reference information into the text enhance the documentary nature and reliability of the depicted. The fictional nature of literary reportage is represented by the level of experience, which, although indicating the author’s direct presence, is formed through the author’s reflection, supplemented by stylistic devices. Thus, it is established that the documentary and fictional components engage in a productive interaction, facilitated in particular by the mediality of the text. This mediality is expressed through multichannel elements (such as text, visual imagery, and sound) and intermediality, resulting in a holistic and multidimensional narrative capable of effectively conveying both informational and emotional content.

Efficacy of myrrh extract against Eimeria labbeana-like experimental infection in Columba livia domestica: in vivo study

BackgroundThe Protozoan pathogen Eimeria is a significant issue in poultry production. Scientists are concerned with finding alternative strategies due to the spread of resistance against the commonly employed coccidiostats. This study examined how well myrrh extract (MyE) protected domesticated pigeons from an experimental Eimeria labbeana-like infection.MethodsFemale pigeons were divided into six groups (5 pigeons/group): Group1: control pigeon group, Group2: Non-infected and treated pigeon group with MyE (500 mg/kg). Group3: Infected and non-treated pigeon group, Group4: Infected and treated pigeon group with MyE (250 mg/kg), Group5: Infected and treated pigeon group with MyE (500 mg/kg), Group6: Infected and treated pigeon group with amprolium (1 g/L of H2O). Oral infection with 3 × 104 sporulated E. labbeana-like oocysts was used to inoculate groups (3–6). Three days after infection, groups (4–6) received daily treatment with MyE and amprolium for five days. Oocyst output was assessed on day 8 post-infection. After sacrificing the pigeons, the small intestine and blood were collected from each pigeon and processed for histological, biochemical, and oxidative damage examinations.ResultsThis study looked into the overall phenolic and flavonoid contents and MyE’s antioxidant activity. According to the data, the best dose of MyE was 500 mg/kg, which significantly decreased the output of oocysts produced (2.090 × 105 ± 1.04 × 104 oocysts/g.feces). This result has been linked to a -2.51% decrease in the pigeon’s body weight gain. The morphometric characteristics of freshly unsporulated and sporulated oocysts were obtained, and pigeons treated with MyE significantly decreased size. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in both the number and size of the developmental stages of E. labbeana-like (i.e. meronts, gamonts, and developing oocysts) in the intestinal tissue among the MyE-treated group. MyE facilitates the disruption of intestinal homeostasis caused by E. labbeana-like infection, specifically concerning carbohydrates and proteins. Concurrent with the state of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the antioxidant activity of MyE reduced the blood plasma levels of trace elements (Fe, Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni).ConclusionOur findings suggest that MyE could be a useful antioxidant source and a replacement for coccidiostats in preventing and treating avian coccidiosis.

Exploring the Metal Composition of Eri Silkworm Cocoons Reared on Diverse Host Plant Combinations

Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of Eri silk cocoons that were reared on various combinations of host plants. The primary host plant castor and secondary host plants such as kesseru, tapioca, gulancha and papaya were utilized in various combinations for different instars. Methods: The present analysis was conducted in lab at Department of Entomology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during spring season of the year 2022-23. SEM/EDX was used to investigate the cocoons metal elements. Each sample was examined separately to evaluate metal content. Conductive carbon tape attached specimens to stubs. The metal elemental analysis of the scaffold was performed by EDX attached to the scanning electron microscope. Result: For silk cocoon inner surfaces, the metal elements were ordered as follows: C greater than O greater than Mo greater than K greater than Cl greater than Ca greater than Si greater than Na greater than Mg greater than Al. Some Eri cocoons were produced on different host plants and had somewhat different exteriors, but all had evenly distributed components. C and O were abundant on all silk cocoons’ inner and outer surfaces. Cocoons produced on many host plants have higher chemical metal element levels on their exterior and interior surfaces than those raised on a single host plant. The study suggests that chemical factors have a role in silk cocooning, encouraging the creation of β-sheet structure.