Translational Elements Research Articles

Synthetic translational coupling element for multiplexed signal processing and cellular control.

Repurposing natural systems to develop customized functions in biological systems is one of the main thrusts of synthetic biology. Translational coupling is a common phenomenon in diverse polycistronic operons for efficient allocation of limited genetic space and cellular resources. These beneficial features of translation coupling can provide exciting opportunities for creating novel synthetic biological devices. Here, we introduce a modular synthetic translational coupling element (synTCE) and integrate this design with de novo designed riboregulators,toehold switches. A systematic exploration of sequence domain variants for synTCEs led to the identification of critical design considerations for improving the system performance. Next, this design approach was seamlessly integrated into logic computations and applied to construct multi-output transcripts with well-defined stoichiometric control. This module was further applied to signaling cascades for combined signal transduction and multi-input/multi-output synthetic devices. Further, the synTCEs can precisely manipulate the N-terminal ends of output proteins, facilitating effective protein localization and cellular population control. Therefore, the synTCEs could enhance computational capability and applicability of riboregulators for reprogramming biological systems, leading to future applications in synthetic biology, metabolic engineering and biotechnology.

A modular toolkit for environmental Rhodococcus, Gordonia, and Nocardia enables complex metabolic manipulation.

Soil-dwelling Actinomycetes are a diverse and ubiquitous component of the global microbiome but largely lack genetic tools comparable to those available in model species such as Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas putida, posing a fundamental barrier to their characterization and utilization as hosts for biotechnology. To address this, we have developed a modular plasmid assembly framework, along with a series of genetic control elements for the previously genetically intractable Gram-positive environmental isolate Rhodococcus ruber C208, and demonstrate conserved functionality in 11 additional environmental isolates of Rhodococcus, Nocardia, and Gordonia. This toolkit encompasses five Mycobacteriale origins of replication, five broad-host-range antibiotic resistance markers, transcriptional and translational control elements, fluorescent reporters, a tetracycline-inducible system, and a counter-selectable marker. We use this toolkit to interrogate the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway in Rhodococcus erythropolis N9T-4, a weakly carotenogenic environmental isolate and engineer higher pathway flux toward the keto-carotenoid canthaxanthin. This work establishes several new genetic tools for environmental Mycobacteriales and provides a synthetic biology framework to support the design of complex genetic circuits in these species.IMPORTANCESoil-dwelling Actinomycetes, particularly the Mycobacteriales, include both diverse new hosts for sustainable biomanufacturing and emerging opportunistic pathogens. Rhodococcus, Gordonia, and Nocardia are three abundant genera with particularly flexible metabolisms and untapped potential for natural product discovery. Among these, Rhodococcus ruber C208 was shown to degrade polyethylene; Gordonia paraffinivorans can assimilate carbon from solid hydrocarbons; and Nocardia neocaledoniensis (and many other Nocardia spp.) possesses dual isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways. Many species accumulate high levels of carotenoid pigments, indicative of highly active isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways which may be harnessed for fermentation of terpenes and other commodity isoprenoids. Modular genetic toolkits have proven valuable for both fundamental and applied research in model organisms, but such tools are lacking for most Actinomycetes. Our suite of genetic tools and DNA assembly framework were developed for broad functionality and to facilitate rapid prototyping of genetic constructs in these organisms.

Socio-communicative aspects of the representation of disease symptoms in Renaissance art

Modern historical research devoted to the development of medical science and the art of healing increasingly involves the analysis of sociocultural and sociocommunicative aspects, which become part of historical analysis. The article examines the relationship between fine art and human anatomy as an element of sociocultural translation (communication) of knowledge in the history of medicine, in particular anatomy. The art of the Renaissance, primarily portraiture from life, copying the image of a specific person, can reflect signs of his health, symptoms of illness, and medical knowledge in historical retrospect is actually part of the culture of society. The artists often turned out to be medically observant, accurate in small details. In this study, the authors show several examples of the reflection of specific medical pathologies in paintings and come to the conclusion that works of art can transmit information about the state of health of the depicted person, the presence of clinical manifestations of diseases captured by the brush of an artist but probably not yet known and understood by the doctors of that epoque.

Tłumaczenie jako jedna z technik językowych działań mediacyjnych. Wyniki badania wstępnego

The aim of this article is to reflect on the place of translation – understood as one of the forms of mediation activities – in the process of language education. The theoretical content is preceded by a description of the author’s own study conducted among Polish-speaking students learning French in bilingual classes. The aim of the analysis is to show the elements of translation that fit into the assumptions of text mediation which should be paid attention to in the process of language learning and teaching, and how to examine texts mediated by students.

The descriptive analysis of paratextual elements in the case of poetry translation

Paratextual elements are significant for the construction of meaning in textual analysis. In this context, the role of paratextual elements in poetry translation, which are believed to be challenging or even impossible, is worth analyzing. Delving into the functionality and efficacy of paratextual elements, this study aims to unravel the translation choices within the light of paratextual uses in the field of poetry translation. Through the case study of Cem Yavuz’s translation of T. S. Eliot’s poetry, the study qualitatively analyzes the types of paratextual elements that are mainly provided at the notes section, the preface and a YouTube interview. Commenting on T. S. Eliot's poetic profile, Cem Yavuz emphasizes the concepts of dramatic monologue and objective correlative and bases his translation approach on these concepts. The findings acquired from the poem The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock reveal that paratextual elements such as religious, mythological, historical and technical notes are presented to enlighten the intertextual references, enhance reader engagement and awareness, and discover the authentic linguistic and emotional richness in the source. The examples extracted from the study show that the translator not only uses elegant language to sound poetic and natural, but also gives the paratextual elements a teaching role.

Beyond the Text: Comparative Analysis of Paratextual Elements in the Arabic Translations of Toni Morrison’s Paradise

This study investigates the paratextual elements in the Arabic translations of Toni Morrison’s Paradise, focusing on the translations by Tawfiq Al-Asadi and Ali Basha. Paratextual elements, including introductions, book covers, titles, forewords, and footnotes, play a crucial role in shaping reader reception and interpretation, particularly in translated literary works. This study aims to analyze how these elements influence the reception and interpretation of the novel within the Arabic-speaking world. Through a comparison of the visual and semantic interfaces between the source text (ST) and the target texts (TTs), this research reveals how paratextual elements are adapted or transformed to suit the cultural context of the target audience. The analysis encompasses book covers, title translations, forewords, dedications, and footnotes, highlighting the impact of these elements on reader engagement and understanding. The findings suggest that the translators’ choices reflect their cultural, ideological, and gendered perspectives, influencing their interpretative strategies and the final reception of the translated text. These paratextual elements highlight literary translation's obstacles and translators' active participation in crossing cultural and linguistic boundaries.

Study on the Translation and Dissemination of Howard Goldblatt’s Red Poppies in UK and US

Chinese culture “going out” is a strategic goal of national development, and the translation and dissemination of Chinese literature is an important tool. Chen Ai Luo Ding, a classic novel by the famous writer Alai, was translated by translator Howard Goldblatt and his wife Sylvia Lin, under the title Red Poppies. In view of the strong influence of the novel, and standing on the perspective of medio-translatology, and the communication process principle in Harold Lasswell’s communication model theory, this paper analyzes the interaction of the five elements of translation and communication model proposed by Ms. Bao Xiaoying (i.e., the subjects, contents, channels readers and effect of translation). The aim is to analyze and summarize the shortcomings of the study, to provide reference for scholars at home and abroad to do similar studies in the future, and to help the translation and dissemination of Chinese literature and culture in the future.

Exploring the Impact of mRNA Modifications on Translation Efficiency and Immune Tolerance to Self-Antigens.

Therapeutic modified mRNAs are being developed for a broad range of human diseases. However, the impact of potential miscoding of modified mRNAs on self-tolerance remains unknown. Additionally, more studies are needed to explore the effects of nucleoside alkylation on translation. While all six tested modifications are tolerated as substrates by T7 RNA polymerase and inhibited mRNA immunogenicity, the translation efficiency varied significantly depending on the type of modification. In contrast to methylation, ethylation at the N1 position of pseudouridine (Ψ) hindered translation, suggesting that the C5-C1' glycosidic bond alone is not a critical element for high translation. Inhibition of mRNA translation was also observed with 5-methoxyuridine modification. However, this inhibition was partially alleviated through the optimization of mRNA coding sequences. BALB/c mice immunized with syngeneic ψ-modified mRNA encoding for Wilms' tumor antigen-1 (WT1) developed a low but significant level of anti-WT1 IgG antibodies compared to those immunized with either unmodified or N1-methyl ψ-modified mRNA. Overall, the data indicate that adding a simple ethyl group (-CH2CH3) at the N1 position of ψ has a major negative effect on translation despite its reduced immunogenicity. Additionally, mRNA containing Ψ may alter translation fidelity at certain codons, which could lead to a breakdown of immune tolerance to self-antigens. This concern should be taken into account during gene replacement therapies, although it could benefit mRNA-based vaccines by generating a diverse repertoire of antigens.

A Less than Lay-Friendly Translation: A Textual Analysis of Information Leaflets and Labels for Drug and Cosmeceuticals in Thailand

Abstract Information on drug use should be easily comprehensible and provide clear instructions without relying on expert advice. Drawing upon the concept of lay-friendly translation (Askehave and Zethsen 2002, 2014; Jensen 2013), this study examines the translated information leaflets and labels of drug-related and cosmeceutical products in Thailand to understand characteristics of supposedly reachable language use. The findings reveal both lay-friendly and non-lay-friendly features in the English-to-Thai translations. Indicative of the former is the use of general terms, explanation, glossing, rewriting/summarising, syntactical shift, and stylistic shift. Instances of the latter include the direct transfer of field-specific terms and the use of Thai medical vocabulary. The Thai-to-English translation tends to adhere to the original version, including textual organisation and compliance with Thai legislation, yet the cultural-specific items are omitted. The presence of both lay-friendly and non-lay-friendly elements in a single translation contributes to a ‘less than lay-friendly’ translation.

Abstract 658: Small molecule allosteric regulators of eIF4E activity target proteomic dysregulation and demonstrate potent antiproliferative activity in multiple myeloma models whilst sparing normal immune cells

Abstract Multiple myeloma is characterized by significant dysregulation of protein translation. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), a rate determining element of oncogene translation, is highly expressed in multiple myeloma cells compared to normal plasma cells and is associated with enhanced levels of key oncogenic drivers such as MYC. We have developed potent small molecule allosteric regulators of eIF4E activity by aligning medicinal chemistry tools with patient directed pharmacology to optimize and identify orally bioavailable, potent compounds with in vivo activity. To identify sensitive cancer models and markers associated with response to PIC eIF4E regulators, we screened the 302-cell line Eurofins OncoPanel™, followed by gene expression profiling comparing the most and least sensitive cell lines and QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Consistent with the role of eIF4E, we identified proteomic dysregulation as a marker of sensitivity to PIC eIF4E regulators. In addition, the multiple myeloma cell line MM.1R was amongst the most sensitive cell lines. Proteomic analysis of PIC eIF4E regulator treated MM.1R cells identified significant changes, both increases and decreases, in approximately 8% of the 7800 proteins detected by label free mass spectrometry. QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of significantly altered proteins identified enrichment of proteins involved in the G2/M checkpoint, cell cycle control of chromosomal replication, and DNA repair as well as protein translation, EIF4E regulation and mTOR signaling. PIC eIF4E regulators significantly decreased cell viability of both the steroid sensitive MM.1S and steroid resistant MM.1R multiple myeloma cell lines, which was associated with significantly reduced MYC protein levels. Consistent with earlier reported findings and the mechanistic impacts of PIC eIF4E regulators, reduced MYC expression was associated with a significant decrease in hyper-phosphorylated 4EBP1. In contrast to cancer cells, PIC eIF4E regulator treatment did not affect viability of B, T, NK and plasma cell populations in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at exposures that cause significant cell death in multiple myeloma cells. Furthermore, CD4+ T-cells isolated from fresh PBMCs demonstrated proliferative responses following stimulation (ImmunoCult™) in the presence of PIC eIF4E regulators. The impact on key oncogenic drivers and potent antiproliferative activity in multiple myeloma models with minimal effects on normal immune cell populations suggests that targeting eIF4E activity with PIC allosteric eIF4E regulators could offer an attractive therapeutic strategy in multiple myeloma. Citation Format: Lisa-Marie Sturla, Xuemei Zhang, Yagmur Kan, Richard Gedrich, Katherine Bowdish, Christopher VanDeusen. Small molecule allosteric regulators of eIF4E activity target proteomic dysregulation and demonstrate potent antiproliferative activity in multiple myeloma models whilst sparing normal immune cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 658.

Host-like RNA Elements Regulate Virus Translation.

Viruses are obligate, intracellular parasites that co-opt host cell machineries for propagation. Critical among these machineries are those that translate RNA into protein and their mechanisms of control. Most regulatory mechanisms effectuate their activity by targeting sequence or structural features at the RNA termini, i.e., at the 5' or 3' ends, including the untranslated regions (UTRs). Translation of most eukaryotic mRNAs is initiated by 5' cap-dependent scanning. In contrast, many viruses initiate translation at internal RNA regions at internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). Eukaryotic mRNAs often contain upstream open reading frames (uORFs) that permit condition-dependent control of downstream major ORFs. To offset genome compression and increase coding capacity, some viruses take advantage of out-of-frame overlapping uORFs (oORFs). Lacking the essential machinery of protein synthesis, for example, ribosomes and other translation factors, all viruses utilize the host apparatus to generate virus protein. In addition, some viruses exhibit RNA elements that bind host regulatory factors that are not essential components of the translation machinery. SARS-CoV-2 is a paradigm example of a virus taking advantage of multiple features of eukaryotic host translation control: the virus mimics the established human GAIT regulatory element and co-opts four host aminoacyl tRNA synthetases to form a stimulatory binding complex. Utilizing discontinuous transcription, the elements are present and identical in all SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNAs (and the genomic RNA). Thus, the virus exhibits a post-transcriptional regulon that improves upon analogous eukaryotic regulons, in which a family of functionally related mRNA targets contain elements that are structurally similar but lacking sequence identity. This "thrifty" virus strategy can be exploited against the virus since targeting the element can suppress the expression of all subgenomic RNAs as well as the genomic RNA. Other 3' end viral elements include 3'-cap-independent translation elements (3'-CITEs) and 3'-tRNA-like structures. Elucidation of virus translation control elements, their binding proteins, and their mechanisms can lead to novel therapeutic approaches to reduce virus replication and pathogenicity.

Closed 𝑘-Schur Katalan functions as 𝐾-homology Schubert representatives of the affine Grassmannian

Recently, Blasiak–Morse–Seelinger introduced symmetric func- tions called Katalan functions, and proved that the K K -theoretic k k -Schur functions due to Lam–Schilling–Shimozono form a subfamily of the Katalan functions. They conjectured that another subfamily of Katalan functions called closed k k -Schur Katalan functions is identified with the Schubert structure sheaves in the K K -homology of the affine Grassmannian. Our main result is a proof of this conjecture. We also study a K K -theoretic Peterson isomorphism that Ikeda, Iwao, and Maeno constructed, in a nongeometric manner, based on the unipotent solution of the relativistic Toda lattice of Ruijsenaars. We prove that the map sends a Schubert class of the quantum K K -theory ring of the flag variety to a closed K K - k k -Schur Katalan function up to an explicit factor related to a translation element with respect to an antidominant coroot. In fact, we prove this map coincides with a map whose existence was conjectured by Lam, Li, Mihalcea, Shimozono, and proved by Kato, and more recently by Chow and Leung.

Metaphorical Elements of Translation in A Mind at Peace Novel by Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar

Any high-quality literary work provides an artistic effect on the reader, and what is expected from translation is to provide the same effect on the reader of the translated work. This might be the only way for the translation to be considered as successful. In literary translation, words, expressions or entire sentences can have connotative and figurative meanings besides their denotative meaning. The meaning of a word in a dictionary, in a sentence, or in a text can differ from each other. Sometimes a word can have multiple meanings depending on the context. All these factors affect the translatability of a work. The translatability of a literary work depends on its genre, the style of its author, and the period in which it was written. Words, expressions, phraseological units, idioms, etc. created in the source text have not only a linguistic aspect but also many social, cultural and historical aspects. In other words, they are related to social, cultural and historical events. The complex structure of literary works complicates the process of literary translation itself. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of metaphors in a literary text by analyzing A Mind at Peace work and suggest new metaphorical translation ideas. The study has been conducted by using the text analysis method. The research material is the metaphorical units used in the Russian translation of A Mind at Peace A. H. Tanpinar’s work. The work was translated into Russian by Apollinaria Avrutina in 2018. The study gives an insight to the problem of translating metaphors, which one of the elements of the complex structure of a literary work by discussing the classification of metaphor translation techniques developed by T. A. Kazakova.

Model-guided metabolic rewiring to bypass pyruvate oxidation for pyruvate derivative synthesis by minimizing carbon loss.

Engineering microbial hosts to synthesize pyruvate derivatives depends on blocking pyruvate oxidation, thereby causing severe growth defects in aerobic glucose-based bioprocesses. To decouple pyruvate metabolism from cell growth to improve pyruvate availability, a genome-scale metabolic model combined with constraint-based flux balance analysis, geometric flux balance analysis, and flux variable analysis was used to identify genetic targets for strain design. Using translation elements from a ~3,000 cistronic library to modulate fxpK expression in a bicistronic cassette, a bifido shunt pathway was introduced to generate three molecules of non-pyruvate-derived acetyl-CoA from one molecule of glucose, bypassing pyruvate oxidation and carbon dioxide generation. The dynamic control of flux distribution by T7 RNAP-mediated synthetic small RNA decoupled pyruvate catabolism from cell growth. Adaptive laboratory evolution and multi-omics analysis revealed that a mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase functioned as a metabolic switch to activate the glyoxylate shunt as the only C4 anaplerotic pathway to generate malate from two molecules of acetyl-CoA input and bypass two decarboxylation reactions in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. A chassis strain for pyruvate derivative synthesis was constructed to reduce carbon loss by using the glyoxylate shunt as the only C4 anaplerotic pathway and the bifido shunt as a non-pyruvate-derived acetyl-CoA synthetic pathway and produced 22.46, 27.62, and 6.28 g/L of l-leucine, l-alanine, and l-valine by a controlled small RNA switch, respectively. Our study establishes a novel metabolic pattern of glucose-grown bacteria to minimize carbon loss under aerobic conditions and provides valuable insights into cell design for manufacturing pyruvate-derived products.IMPORTANCEBio-manufacturing from biomass-derived carbon sources using microbes as a cell factory provides an eco-friendly alternative to petrochemical-based processes. Pyruvate serves as a crucial building block for the biosynthesis of industrial chemicals; however, it is different to improve pyruvate availability in vivo due to the coupling of pyruvate-derived acetyl-CoA with microbial growth and energy metabolism via the oxidative tricarboxylic acid cycle. A genome-scale metabolic model combined with three algorithm analyses was used for strain design. Carbon metabolism was reprogrammed using two genetic control tools to fine-tune gene expression. Adaptive laboratory evolution and multi-omics analysis screened the growth-related regulatory targets beyond rational design. A novel metabolic pattern of glucose-grown bacteria is established to maintain growth fitness and minimize carbon loss under aerobic conditions for the synthesis of pyruvate-derived products. This study provides valuable insights into the design of a microbial cell factory for synthetic biology to produce industrial bio-products of interest.

Interpreting, translating or investigating? Framing the competences of a hybrid translational field: intercept interpreting

ABSTRACT When monitoring suspected criminals’ communications by bugging telephones, apartments or cars, the police collect information for ongoing investigations and the later proceedings in court. If foreign-language-speaking suspects are involved, intercept interpreters are indispensable for police work. Intercept interpreting is a hybrid translational activity that encompasses elements of interpreting and translation. This article explores the competences and skills required for this activity. It is based on 24 semi-structured interviews with intercept interpreters and police officers and on an observational study conducted in a Swiss police department. Core elements of translation and interpreting competence models are combined to reflect the hybrid nature of the activity. In a qualitative data analysis, we deductively identified typical translation and interpreting sub-competences, while a concurrent inductive analysis allowed us to extend the competence framework by new, specific elements of intercept interpreting. The results show that intercept interpreters not only exhibit special investigative and forensic skills, but that they also have many mental and emotional skills that enable them to carry out their demanding activity.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРЕВОДА ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗЭКВИВАЛЕНТНОЙ ЛЕКСИКИ В РАМКАХ МЕДИА- ДИСКУРСА (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ THE NEW YORK TIMES)

The article examines the issues of the non-equivalent vocabulary translation in the sphere of English political media discourse. Today, due to the processes of globalization and the expansion of the media space, the issues of translation of the non-equivalent language units in different spheres, including lexical units in the sphere of media discourse, become more and more relevant. Because of the rapid development of political relations between countries, new words appear in the media that may not have their exact equivalents in the target language, which becomes one of the most challenging tasks not only for the translator, but also for translation studies, lexicology, intercultural communication and other linguistic disciplines as a whole. The aim of this article is to consider the main problems and ways of translating the non-equivalent vocabulary of modern political topics, to analyze the linguistic and cultural characteristics of the translation of the non-equivalent vocabulary in the media discourse, and to draw conclusions about which translation techniques are the most common and adequate when translating the non-equivalent lexical units in the social and political texts of the media discourse. In order to achieve the aim in the article we have reviewed the existing classifications of the elements of the field of the non-equivalent vocabulary, provided the basic research terms, as well as analyzed the translation techniques, typical for the political texts of mass-media discourse. Having carried out a comprehensive analysis of the studied material, it is noted that if the lexical unit of a media discourse text belongs to the field of non-equivalent lexical units, the ways and the adequacy of its rendering is determined not only by lexical and grammatical transformations, but also by extralinguistic knowledge and the translator’s cultural grasp; the most difficult lexical elements for translation are political terms, jargon and emotive-evaluation vocabulary, the rendering of which is often determined by pragmatic aspect of the translation; the most common and adequate translation techniques were semantic development, compensation, descriptive translation, and contextual transposition.

Exploratory survey of localization and translation in Zimbabwe's agricultural and pharmaceutical industries in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)

Purpose: This study aims to explore the elements of localization and translation for the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries in Zimbabwe to ensure that the localization of pharmaceutical and agricultural products is made available.
 Research methodology: This study applied an exploratory research approach to answer the key questions that emerge from the deficit of research and application of localization in Zimbabwe.
 Results: The time has come for language specialists and others in the areas of medicine, pharmacy, agriculture, and information communication technology (ICT) to work together to ensure that product packaging, instructions of use, and other related product information for both locally produced and imported products are in the languages spoken by local communities in which these products are used.
 Limitations: Localization and translation are still in their infancy in Africa in general and Zimbabwe in particular. As such, research and literature about this emerging area of applied language studies are still scarce. While the researchers would have liked to engage literature on the subject in greater detail, the paucity of literature on the subject only afforded the researchers an exploratory kind of study. The current study was conducted with the hope of stimulating further research on this promising area of research.
 Contribution: By answering the above questions, this exploratory study hopes to contribute to localization and translation as language industries to ensure that pharmaceutical and agricultural products are localized for the benefit of end-users.

The Operation of Language in Poetry Translation

The translation of one literary work from its mother language to a target language is certainly a key area of research in literary studies and comparative literature. The translation of literary works, specifically poetry, is extremely flexible and requires intricate operations of language. Not only do translators have to take into account of the structural elements of a poem, but also more obscure elements such as imagery and theme. This paper will explore the key elements of poetry translation, and the indispensable constituents of a successful translation of poetry, and focus primarily on the comparison of English and Chinese poetry along with their translations. The poetry that will be examined are Sonnet 130 written by Shakespeare and its Chinese translations, The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe, and the famous Chinese poem Yellow Crane Tower. Through the examination and analysis of these poems, a clearer definition of poetry translation can be achieved.

On-Stationary Difference Equation and Affine Laumon Space: Quantization of Discrete Painlevé Equation

We show the relation of the non-stationary difference equation proposed by one of the authors and the quantized discrete Painlevé VI equation. The five-dimensional Seiberg-Witten curve associated with the difference equation has a consistent four-dimensional limit. We also show that the original equation can be factorized as a coupled system for a pair of functions $\bigl(\mathcal{F}^{(1)},\mathcal{F}^{(2)}\bigr)$, which is a consequence of the identification of the Hamiltonian as a translation element in the extended affine Weyl group. We conjecture that the instanton partition function coming from the affine Laumon space provides a solution to the coupled system.

Сравнително изследване на особеностите в старобългарския превод на Слово за четиридневния Лазар (2) от Йоан Златоуст по преписите в Супрасълския сборник и в ръкопис № 24 от Националния исторически музей в София

The article examines the differences in two copies of the Old Bulgarian translation of In quatriduanum Lazarum II by John Chrysostom on textological, grammatical and lexical levels. And although Codex Suprasliensis and NIM24 are three centuries apart, it turns out that the late Serbian copy has preserved archaic elements of the original translation, some of which are missing in Codex Suprasliensis. The lengthy transmission of the text is the reason for the partial changes in NIM24 at the level of text, morphosyntax and vocabulary, but the language of the translation can be traced back to the same archetype as the language of the translation in Codex Suprasliensis. The results of the study demonstrate that when attributing a translation, it is necessary to attract late copies as well, because they always bear traces of the initial translation. In this way, the linguistic evidence providing information on the prototranslation is complemented.