Elements In Stones Research Articles

Studies on distribution of inorganic elements in urinary stones by electron probe X-ray microanalyser. Report 2. Calcium phosphate stone and uric acid stone (author's transl)

In the previous paper, the distribution of inorganic ions in the calcium oxalate stone and calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stone examined by electron probe X-ray microanalyser (E. P. M. A.) was reported. In this paper distribution of inorganic ions in the calcium phosphate stone and uric acid stone was studied by using E. P. M. A.The results obtained are as follows:1. Calcium phosphate stone.In the outer portion of the stones, Ca, P, Mg, Na and K were distributed homogeneously, although a slightly uneven distribution was seen for Mg, Na and K. No particular structure was seen corresponding to the distribution of these ions.As to the nucleus of calcium phosphate stones, two types were observed: In one type the quantity and quality of inorganic ions contained in the nucleus (Ca, P, Mg, Na and K) are almost the same as those seen in the outer portion of the stone, indicating no difference between the nucleus and outer portion of the stone in their inorganic constituents. In another type, the inorganic constituents of the nucleus were different from those of the outer portion. In this case, S, Al and Cl were contained in the nucleus in addition to Ca, P, Mg, Na and K. S and Cl were situated in different portions of the nucleus from Mg, Na and K.2. Uric acid stone.Two types of uric acid stone were observed. One type contained no inorganic ions. Another type contained Ca, Na and K in the outer portion of the stones. In the latter, Na and K were deposited in the different layers, showing a striped pattern.

Studies on distribution of inorganic elements in urinary stones by electron probe X-ray microanalyser. Report 3. Dissolution of urinary stones with E.D.T.A. solution (author's transl)

In the previous two papers the distribution of inorganic ions in calcium oxalate stone, calcium phosphate stone and uric acid stone examined by the electron probe X-ray microanalyser (E. P. M. A.) was reported. In this study the process of dissolution of calcium phosphate stone and calcium oxalate stone with E. D. T. A.. 4Na solution was observed by E. P. M. A.The results obtained are as follows:Thin slices of the urinary calcium stones were easily dissolved by E. D. T. A.. 4Na solution. Ca and Mg disappeared quickly but Na and K remained in the matrix substance. This result shows that calcium stones can easily be dissolved by E. D. T. A. solution when it is broken into small pieces by some procedure, and that after decalcification with these chelating agents, application of proteolytic material is recommendable for protection from re-calcification.

Quantitative investigation of some trace elements in renal stones by neutron activation analysis

The quantitative determination of iron, zinc, chromium, cadmium, cobalt, mercury, seleniuj, strontium, copper, bromine, sodium and potassium in renal concrements by neutron activation analysis is described.