Nutritional Elements Research Articles

DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR CREATING A DIFFERENTIATED NUTRITION SYSTEM FOR INTENSIVE APPLE ORCHARDS OF DIFFERENT AGES

The paper presents an analysis of existing methodological approaches to the construction of fertilization systems for apple orchards, striving to fully satisfy the needs of trees for nutrients and the formation of a high level of productivity of plantings. However, most studies are based primarily on the provisions of one of the basic laws of agriculture, based on the balance of mineral nutrition elements, which takes into account primarily the volume of elements removed from the soil and the amount of elements applied with fertilizers. However, most of these studies are incomplete and do not take into account the pomological characteristics of cultivated gardens, as well as their age condition. In this regard, based on data on the need of fruit trees for basic macro- and microelements at different stages of organogenesis, a methodological basis was developed and justified for creating a differentiated nutrition system for intensive apple orchards of different ages. The developed methodological approaches to the formation of an optimal nutrition system for gardens of different ages will be in demand among specialists in the field of horticulture and nursery farming, specializing in the design and implementation of highly efficient tree nutrition systems in garden growing technologies. The next stage of the work will be conducting field tests of the developed system for constructing a nutritional scheme for trees at different age periods of development.

Determination of Nutritional Element Contents of Almonds and Walnuts With and Without K-Humate Application

Determination of Nutritional Element Contents of Almonds and Walnuts With and Without K-Humate Application

An overview of probiotic camel milk as a nutritional beverage: Challenges and perspectives.

There are challenges such as standardization for commercialization and guaranteeing sensory characteristics in camel milk processing. This review gathers a general view of the probiotic camel milk, its contents, its health aspects, and its industrial production. One of the potential candidates of a healthy food product is "probiotic camel milk" which contains several nutritional elements including Lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria and postbiotics such as endopolysaccharides, exopolysaccharides, numerous beneficial enzymes, short-chain fatty acids, teichoic acids, peptides, peptidoglycan-derived neuropeptides, cell surface proteins, different vitamins, plasmalogens, and different kinds of organic acids. It should also be considered that camel milk generally has some advantages over cow milk like its health-beneficial antidiabetic, hypoallergenic, and anticancer properties. As a result, it is gaining much attention from both consumers and manufacturers, and the global probiotic market trend is growing. Although there are obstacles in standardizing processing techniques and maintaining sensory excellence, the health benefits, economic prospects, and adaptability of camel milk and its probiotic variations create a promising avenue for continued research and advancement. Therefore, developing standardized processing techniques and sensory evaluation methods for probiotic camel milk can unlock its full potential as a nutritious beverage, offering a promising solution for consumers seeking healthy and functional food products.

WRKY Transcription Factor Responses and Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses in Plants.

Plants are subjected to abiotic stresses throughout their developmental period. Abiotic stresses include drought, salt, heat, cold, heavy metals, nutritional elements, and oxidative stresses. Improving plant responses to various environmental stresses is critical for plant survival and perpetuation. WRKY transcription factors have special structures (WRKY structural domains), which enable the WRKY transcription factors to have different transcriptional regulatory functions. WRKY transcription factors can not only regulate abiotic stress responses and plant growth and development by regulating phytohormone signalling pathways but also promote or suppress the expression of downstream genes by binding to the W-box [TGACCA/TGACCT] in the promoters of their target genes. In addition, WRKY transcription factors not only interact with other families of transcription factors to regulate plant defence responses to abiotic stresses but also self-regulate by recognising and binding to W-boxes in their own target genes to regulate their defence responses to abiotic stresses. However, in recent years, research reviews on the regulatory roles of WRKY transcription factors in higher plants have been scarce and shallow. In this review, we focus on the structure and classification of WRKY transcription factors, as well as the identification of their downstream target genes and molecular mechanisms involved in the response to abiotic stresses, which can improve the tolerance ability of plants under abiotic stress, and we also look forward to their future research directions, with a view of providing theoretical support for the genetic improvement of crop abiotic stress tolerance.

Characterization of rice cultivars using Raman spectroscopy and multivariate analysis

Rice is a widely consumed cereal known for its high carbohydrate content and the presence of essential nutritional elements such as proteins and lipids. The previous Raman spectroscopy (RS) studies on whole brown rice kernel have only been able to partially reveal nutritional content. This study employs RS to accurately assess the nutritional profiles of forty rice cultivars in powdered form, facilitating their characterization. The combination of RS and advanced chemometric techniques enables the discrimination of rice cultivars based on key biochemical attributes, including amylose and starch content, aromatic properties, protein content, and total antioxidant capacity, resulting in an impressive accuracy rate of 73%. Significant observations in the fingerprint region included specific Raman spectral features associated with glucose ring stretching at ∼478 cm−1 and indicative stretching vibrations for glycosidic bonds and amylose structures at ∼409 cm−1, ∼439 cm−1, ∼521 cm−1, and ∼868 cm−1. Furthermore, prominent spectral bands associated with amino acids such as phenylalanine (∼1004 cm−1, ∼1580 cm−1, ∼1606 cm−1), tryptophan (∼872 cm−1, ∼1360 cm−1, ∼1543 cm−1, ∼1620 cm−1), and tyrosine (∼853 cm−1, ∼1176 cm−1, ∼1556 cm−1) were observed. Additionally, characteristic peaks related to protein content, carotenoids, and amino acids were identified at ∼1084 cm−1, ∼1111 cm−1, ∼1162 cm−1, ∼1263 cm−1, ∼1310 cm−1, and ∼1404 cm−1. These findings underscore the potential of RS as a fully automated, rapid, and accurate tool for evaluating the nutritional content of rice cultivars.

LEAD LEVELS IN MILK AND ITS PRODUCTS FROM VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTS IN EGYPT

Milk and its products are considered healthy due to their content of key nutritional elements. Despite their essential role in the human diet, they may be susceptible to contamination with many chemical pollutants from the surrounding environment, most notably heavy metals such as lead, which is considered toxic to consumers. This study evaluated lead concentrations in milk and dairy product samples collected from various Egyptian environments. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in Pb concentrations in the samples collected from different environments in Egypt (industrial, traffic and rural). The average lead content in raw cow’s milk, sterilised milk, Domiati cheese, Ras cheese, processed cheese and yoghurt samples from industrial areas were 2.23, 0.33, 3.19, 5.10, 0.11 and 0.09 mg/kg, respectively. In traffic areas, lead concentrations were 1.83, 0.30, 2.72, 4.72, 0.13 and 0.09, and in rural areas, they were 0.61, 0.27, 1.52, 3.13, 0.13 and 0.09. The data showed that Pb levels in dairy product samples collected from industrial areas are very high compared with those collected from traffic areas. By contrast, the lowest Pb concentrations were recorded in samples from rural areas. It is recommended that lead levels in different foods, especially milk and its products, be evaluated at regular intervals.

The role of magnesium in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

Magnesium (Mg), a nutritional element which is essential for bone development and mineralization, has a role in the progression of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disease characterized by significant deterioration of bone microstructure and bone loss. Mg deficiency can affect bone structure in an indirect way through the two main regulators of calcium homeostasis (parathyroid hormone and vitamin D). In human osteoblasts (OBs), parathyroid hormone regulates the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) to affect osteoclast (OC) formation. In addition, Mg may also affect the vitamin D3 -mediated bone remodeling activity. vitamin D3 usually coordinates the activation of the OB and OC. The unbalanced activation OC leads to bone resorption. The RANK/RANKL/OPG axis is considered to be a key factor in the molecular mechanism of osteoporosis. Mg participates in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis by affecting the regulation of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels to affect the RANK/RANKL/OPG axis. Different factors affecting the axis and enhancing OC function led to bone loss and bone tissue microstructure damage, which leads to the occurrence of osteoporosis. Clinical research has shown that Mg supplementation can alleviate the symptoms of osteoporosis to some extent.

Imbalances in Dissolved Elemental Export Fluxes Disclose “Hidden” Critical Zone Compartments

AbstractIn streams, short‐term element‐specific solute fluxes are often not balanced with long‐term chemical weathering fluxes determined in the residual solids from fractional element loss and denudation rate. The ratio of both estimates—the “Dissolved Export Efficiency” (DEE)—is frequently <1, indicating deficits in the stream dissolved load. To explore the cause of the stream deficits, we performed a daily water sampling campaign for one year in a forested headwater watershed in Southern Germany. We sampled surface runoff, above‐canopy and below‐canopy precipitation, subsurface flow from the organic soil layer, upper, and deep mineral soil, and groundwater. Regolith samples were obtained from a drill core and revealed the weathering front to lie between 7 and 15 m depth. We found a DEE < 1 for K, Si, Al, Fe. These elements are characterized by shallow slopes in C‐Q relationships, and the imbalances were found to originate in the deep saprolite. Their export pathway potentially includes “hidden” Critical Zone compartments or fluxes, presumably unsampled colloids that are exported preferentially during rare flushing events with stochastic temporal distribution. The DEE of nutritive elements like Ca, Mg, and P is also <1. These elements are characterized by steeper C‐Q slopes, and their imbalance can be explained by deep nutrient uptake followed by nutrient retainment in re‐growing forest biomass or export in plant debris. The collective evidence for these imbalances, including previous evidence from metal stable isotopes, suggests that the deep Critical Zone represents the location for chemical or biogenic retention and release of solutes.

PENGUATAN PERAN IBU MENYUSUI DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI ASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK HYPNOBREASTFEEDING

Mother's milk (ASI) contains high nutrients which are very beneficial for the baby's health. Mother's milk is the only perfect and best food for babies because it contains the nutritional elements needed by babies for the baby's growth and development in order to achieve optimal baby growth and development. Knowledge and experience regarding good and correct breastfeeding will support successful lactation. Positive attitudes that can support successful lactation include mothers immediately breastfeeding their babies within 30-50 minutes of giving birth, not wasting colostrum and using it well, breastfeeding exclusively and getting enough rest. The aim of this community service is to provide health education to breastfeeding mothers about efforts to increase breast milk production through Hypnobreastfeeding techniques. The activity participants in this service were breastfeeding mothers and cadres totaling 21 people. From the results of this community service, it is known that there is an increase in the knowledge and skills of breastfeeding mothers regarding efforts to increase breast milk production through the Hypnobreastfeeding technique. The media used in this service is booklets. It is hoped that good understanding and skills regarding efforts to increase breast milk production can increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding.

Aplicación de nanoquitosán-yodo en lechuga y su efecto en la biofortificación, crecimiento y rendimiento

Iodine (I) is an essential element in human nutrition, however, in plants it is considered a beneficial element. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the application of nanochitosan-iodine complexes (NPsCs-I) on the biofortification of I in lettuce, in addition to its effect on growth and yield. Foliar application of NPsCs-I complexes was carried out on lettuce plants where plant height, head diameter, dry biomass and I content were measured. The application of NPsCs-I complexes had a significant effect on the yienld, since with the application of the complex at a dose of 5 mg L-1 of KIO3, it increased by 30.8% compared to the control. The foliar application of NPsCs-I complexes can provide an alternative for biofortification of I and biostimulation of lettuce plants.

Response Surface Methodology for Development of Nutrient Solution Formula for Hydroponic Lettuce Based on the Micro-Elements Fertilizer Requirements at Different Growth Stages

In order to precisely obtain the impact of nutritional elements on lettuce yield and quality, in the present study, a nutrient solution formula suitable for lettuce hydroponic production was development using response surface methodology based on the determination for micro-elements in three growth stages and taking the interaction between elements into account. Then, the formula was optimized and validated, aiming for the goal of improving lettuce yield and quality. The results showed that 200 healthy lettuce leaves contained similar amounts of macro-elements, and there was no significant difference in the unit content of micro-elements among the seedling, rosette, and harvest stages. Quadratic regression models between shoot fresh weight, SPAD value, soluble sugar content, Vc content, and nutrient content were established (R2 = 0.91, 0.95, 0.98, and 0.81, respectively). The optimal concentrations of P, K, Ca, and Mg obtained by multi-objective optimization of the quadratic regression models for fresh weight, SPAD value, soluble sugar content, and Vc content were 2.71 mmol·L−1, 6.42 mmol·L−1, 5.58 mmol·L−1, and 7.11 mmol·L−1, respectively. The nutrient solution formula (T1) was found to be the optimal nutrient solution formula for improving lettuce growth and quality. Overall, we developed a specific and targeted nutrient solution formulation for lettuce; this formulation not only meets lettuce’s demand for nutrients, but also improves lettuce yield and quality, providing more choices for lettuce production in a region with high salts and high pH in the irrigation water.

Influence of growth stages on the nutritional value of Momordica balsamina leaf powder

The nutritive mineral element concentrations of most African leafy vegetables (ALVs) are influenced by the plant’s growth stages. Momordica balsamina is an ALV in the Cucurbitaceae family, rich with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical properties, available in the plant at different growth stages. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the responses of the nutritional value of M. balsamina leafy vegetable harvested at different growth stages. Six growth stages, namely, vegetative (reference), bud development, flower initiation, fruit set, fruit development and physiological maturity, served as treatments, with 10 replicates and arranged in RCBD. Treatments had highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) effect on the tested nutritional quality, namely, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P). Relative to the reference, K was the highest (1206 mg/L) at flower initiation stage, whereas the highest Ca (127.70 mg/L) and Zn (2.21 mg/L) concentrations occurred at the fruit development stage. At the physiological maturity stage, the highest Mg (25.19 mg/L), P (16.54 mg/L) and Fe (5.49 mg/L) concentrations, were recorded. Noticeably, during early growth stages, P, Fe and Zn were negatively reduced, when compared to K, Ca and Mg, which were increasing at every growth stages. In conclusion, the greatest accumulation of the tested mineral elements was mainly observed as from when the leafy vegetable started setting fruit until physiological maturity stage.

The impact of biochar addition on morpho-physiological characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of tomato plants under drought and salinity stress

The use of saline water under drought conditions is critical for sustainable agricultural development in arid regions. Biochar is used as a soil amendment to enhance soil properties such as water-holding capacity and the source of nutrition elements of plants. Thus, the research was carried out to assess the impact of biochar treatment on the morphological and physiological characteristics and production of Solanum lycopersicum in greenhouses exposed to drought and saline stresses. The study was structured as a three-factorial in split-split-plot design. There were 16 treatments across three variables: (i) water quality, with freshwater and saline water, with electrical conductivities of 0.9 and 2.4 dS m− 1, respectively; (ii) irrigation level, with 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of total evapotranspiration (ETC); (iii) and biochar application, with the addition of biochar at a 3% dosage by (w/w) (BC3%), and a control (BC0%). The findings demonstrated that salt and water deficiency hurt physiological, morphological, and yield characteristics. Conversely, the biochar addition enhanced all characteristics. Growth-related parameters, such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and dry and wet weight, and leaf gas exchange attributes, such rate of transpiration and photosynthesis, conductivity, as well as leaf relative water content were decreased by drought and salt stresses, especially when the irrigation was 60% ETc or 40% ETc. The biochar addition resulted in a substantial enhancement in vegetative growth-related parameters, physiological characteristics, efficiency of water use, yield, as well as reduced proline levels. Tomato yield enhanced by 4%, 16%, 8%, and 3% when irrigation with freshwater at different levels of water deficit (100% ETc, 80% ETc, 60% ETc, and 40% ETc) than control (BC0%). Overall, the use of biochar (3%) combined with freshwater shows the potential to enhance morpho-physiological characteristics, support the development of tomato plants, and improve yield with higher WUE in semi-arid and arid areas.

Iron controls the development of airway hyperreactivity by regulating ILC2 metabolism and effector function.

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) rapidly induce a type 2 inflammation in the lungs in response to allergens. Here, we focused on the role of iron, a critical nutritional trace element, on ILC2 function and asthma pathogenesis. We found that transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) is rapidly up-regulated and functional during ILC2 activation in the lungs, and blocking transferrin uptake reduces ILC2 expansion and activation. Iron deprivation reprogrammed ILC2 metabolism, inducing a HIF-1α-driven up-regulation of glycolysis and inhibition of oxidative mitochondrial activity. Consequently, we observed that in vivo iron chelation or induction of hypoferremia reduced the development of airway hyperreactivity in experimental models of ILC2-driven allergic asthma. Human circulating ILC2s rapidly induced TfR1 during activation, whereas inhibition of iron uptake or iron deprivation reduced effector functions. Last, we found a negative relationship between circulating ILC2 TfR1 expression and airway function in cohorts of patients with asthma. Collectively, our studies define cellular iron as a critical regulator of ILC2 function.

Effectiveness of sod and humus soil maintenance and biologized protection in intensive apple orchards (Malus domestica Borkh.) in the south of Russia

Application of intensive technologies in horticulture with a high mechanical and chemical load on soils and fruit plants leads to deterioration of soil properties, environmental pollution, and development of resistance among pathogens and phytophages. In this study, we aim to developing a biologized technology for apple tree cultivation using a sod and humus system of inter-row maintenance and biopreparations based on active strains of microorganisms, entomoacariphages, and pheromones. The research was conducted in 2019-2023 in intensive apple orchards of the central plain-steppe region of Crimea by the methods conventionally used in soil science, agrochemistry, horticulture, and plant protection. The use of a mixture of cereal-legume grasses in combination with microbiological fertilizers based on nitrogen-fixing microorganisms was found to increase apple yields by 11–12 t/ha, or 64 % compared to the control, by increasing the number of fruits and the average weight of one fruit. A positive balance of nutrition elements in soil with an intensity of 135-270 % was established. The efficiency of controlling the number of phytophages and pathogen harmfulness through the integrated use of biological and biotechnical methods was shown. Thus, the “attract-and-kill” method for Cydia pomonella L. pheromones demonstrated a 98 % efficiency along with a reduction in pesticide load to 7.7 kg/ha season by the preparation. Release of phitoseiid mites for control of tetranychus mites by the method of seasonal colonization provides for a reduction and retention of phytophagous population at the economic threshold of harmfulness during the entire vegetation period. The use of fungicides based on pathogenic bacteria of the Bacillus genus and antagonist fungi of the Trichoderma genus against scab is eff ective only in the years unfavorable for the development of the disease. The results obtained form the basis for a biologized resource-saving technology for exploitation of intensive apple orchards. This technology contributes to increased soil fertility, reduced chemical and pesticide load, and increased productivity of horticultural agrocenosis under the conditions of the Crimea and southern Russia.

Detailed analysis of agro-industrial byproducts/wastes to enable efficient sorting for various agro-industrial applications

Agriculture-based industries generate huge amounts of byproducts/wastes every year, which are not exploited or disposed efficiently posing an environmental problem with implications to human and animal health. Finding strategies to increase the recycling of agro-industrial byproducts/wastes (AIBWs) is a primary objective of the current study. A thorough examination of AIBWs in conjunction with experimental research is proposed to facilitate sorting for various agro-industrial applications and consequently increasing byproduct/waste utilization. Accordingly, two sustainable, locally available sources of AIBWs, namely, wheat bran (WB) and garlic straw and peels (GSP) were studied in detail including content and composition of proteins, phytohormones and nutritional elements, as well as the effect of AIBW extracts on plant and microbial growth. Hundreds of proteins were recovered from AIBW mainly from WBs, including chaperons, metabolite and protein modifying enzymes, and antimicrobial proteins. In-gel assays showed that WB and GSP possess high protease and nuclease activities. Conspicuously, phytohormone analysis of AIBWs revealed the presence of high levels of strigolactones, stimulants of seed germination of root parasitic weeds, as well as indole acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Garlic straw extract strongly inhibited germination of the weed Amaranthus palmeri but not of Abutilon theophrasti and all examined AIBWs significantly affected post-germination growth. Bacterial growth was strongly inhibited by garlic straw, but enhanced by WBs, which can be used at least partly as a bacterial growth medium. Thus, an in-depth examination of AIBW characteristics will enable appropriate sorting for diverse agro-industrial applications, which will increase their utilization and consequently their economic value.

A comprehensive review on nutritional interventions and nutritive elements: Strengthening immunity for effective defense mechanism during pandemic.

The pandemic has brought attention to the importance of a healthy immune system in preventing infectious diseases. In this in-depth review, the process by which nutritional interventions and fundamental nutrients affect immune function has been discussed with the goal of enhancing the body's natural defenses against viral infections. We explored the complex interplay between diet and immunology, highlighting the essential nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive substances that are crucial for enhancing immune response. We also investigated the effect of dietary patterns and supplementation methods on immune function. We assessed the effectiveness and potential mechanisms of action of various nutritional therapies in modifying immune responses through a thorough examination of scientific literature. Additionally, we go through the significance of individualized nutrition and highlight possible factors to consider for vulnerable groups, such as the elderly and people with chronic conditions. This review attempts to provide a thorough understanding of the role of diet in boosting immunity by synthesizing available research. It also offers insights into practical methods for enhancing the immune function during the current epidemic and in the future.

Environmental Risk Factors in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review.

Existing evidence indicates that environmental factors might contribute up to 50% of the variance in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk. This structured narrative review offers a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge on environmental risk factors in ASD, including evaluation of conflicting evidence, exploration of underlying mechanisms, and suggestions for future research directions. Analysis of diverse epidemiological investigations indicates that certain environmental factors, including advanced parental age, preterm birth, delivery complications, and exposure to toxic metals, drugs, air pollutants, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals, are linked to an increased ASD risk through various mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, hypoxia, and its consequences, changes in neurotransmitters, disruption of signaling pathways and some others. On the other hand, pregnancy-related factors such as maternal diabetes, maternal obesity, and caesarian section show a weaker association with ASD risk. At the same time, other environmental factors, such as vaccination, maternal smoking, or alcohol consumption, are not linked to the risk of ASD. Regarding nutritional elements data are inconclusive. These findings highlight the significance of environmental factors in ASD etiology and emphasize that more focused research is needed to target the risk factors of ASD. Environmental interventions targeting modifiable risk factors might offer promising avenues for ASD prevention and treatment.

Clonal variation depending on Cu, Fe and Zn element concentrations in seed orchards

In order to increase the existing forest assets and to maintain sustainable forestry, breeding studies are carried out in forestry. One of the most important practices in these breeding studies is seed orchards. The purpose of seed orchards is to obtain better quality seeds per unit area. In this study, plant nutritional elements were used for the first time to determine clonal variation. The antagonism of nutrients and their accumulation rate in clones were investigated. The research was carried out in the Scots pine (Pinus sylvstris) clonal seed orchard in Taşköprü. Needle samples were taken from 8 ramets of 30 clones in the seed orchard in 3 replications and 240 trees were randomly sampled. In addition, soil samples were taken from the seed orchard. The samples taken were first washed in the laboratory and then two different drying processes were applied to the samples. After drying, samples were prepared by the melting method and then Cu, Fe and Zn element concentration analyzes were performed with the ICP-OES device. The results obtained were evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey test with the help of Minitab 18 package program and differences between clones were tried to be determined depending on element concentrations. In the findings obtained, it was determined that there were significant differences between the clones in terms of the studied elements at the p<0.05 probability level.

A review on the nutraceuticals of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson’s disease is a neurological condition that progresses over time and causes both motor and non-motor symptoms. Both patients and healthcare professionals must deal with the numerous challenges of this disease. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the potential therapeutic effects of nutraceuticals—natural chemicals with alleged health benefits—in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkinson’s disease is influenced by a variety of factors, including aging, genetics and exposure to certain environmental toxins. Additionally, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and protein aggregation play pivotal roles in the development of PD. The review integrated results from a variety of studies investigating the effects of different nutraceuticals, from preclinical models to clinical trials. This review focused on several key nutritional elements and dietary modifications that have a beneficial effect on a number of the pathogenic pathways, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and the antioxidant pathway, which are associated with the onset and progression of Parkinson's Disease. Hereby, we aim to explore the current body of research on nutraceutical interventions for Parkinson's disease, with a focus on their neuroprotective and symptomatic alleviation properties. Although numerous studies have been conducted on various nutraceuticals in relation to Parkinson's disease, currently there is no definitive evidence of their specific benefits in this condition. It is therefore strongly recommended that further studies and additional research be conducted in this area to gain a clearer understanding of the potential therapeutic effects.