Elements In Different Samples Research Articles

High throughput laser ablation ICP-MS bioimaging of silver distribution in animal organisms and plant tissue after exposure to silver sulfide nanoparticles

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a method with high potential to visualize the distribution of elements in different samples, including a variety of organisms.

Structural Restoration of Degraded LiFePO 4 Cathode with Enhanced Kinetics Using Residual Lithium in Spent Graphite Anodes

Structural Restoration of Degraded LiFePO ₄ Cathode with Enhanced Kinetics Using Residual Lithium in Spent Graphite Anodes

Integrated assessment of major and trace elements in surface and core sediments from an urban lagoon, China: Potential ecological risks and influencing factors

Marine sediments serve as a sink for contaminants of anthropogenic origin. Here, 25 major and trace elements were determined in surface and core sediments from an urban lagoon (Yundang Lagoon), China. The median concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn in both surface and core sediments exceeded global and crustal averages. Principal component analysis for the elements and ecological impact of the heavy metals indicated spatial heterogeneity in core sediments from different lagoon areas; however, no such pattern was observed in surface sediments. Geodetector analysis indicated spatial locations of lakes, pH, N%, C%, and S% as the major factors influencing the heterogeneity of potential ecological risk index, a cumulative measure of the ecological impact of heavy metal. The interaction detector indicated nonlinear and bivariate enhancement between different physicochemical parameters. Besides, a depth profile of the elements in different samples was also elucidated.

Development of a hyperspectral imaging technique using LA-ICP-MS to show the spatial distribution of elements in soil cores

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a versatile analytical technique that can create qualitative images delineating the spatial distribution of elements in different samples. However, there is no demonstration of this technique in imaging the spatial distribution of elements in soil cores. Herein, we developed a hyperspectral imaging method using LA-ICP-MS to visualize the spatial distribution of selected elements in soil cores as a proof of concept. Soil cores were collected in plastic liners, frozen at −20°C; cut uniformly in halves using a band saw. The surface of the intact cores was ablated using a 213 nm laser optimized with the following parameters: spot size 100 µm, laser energy of 7 mJ, and scan speed of 220 µms−1. Two-dimensional images of the soil cores were created for Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Zn, Fe, Co, and Mn using the iolite software. The new imaging method was very effective in showing that different crop management systems and fertilizer applications altered the levels and spatial distribution of Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, Zn, Fe, Co, and Mn in the evaluated soil cores. The results show that the developed method has great potential in multi elemental imaging of intact soil cores. This could have huge implications in environmental impact assessments, soil resource evaluation, agriculture crop production and the effectiveness of land use or land management systems in modulating the spatial distribution of elements within the soil.

Part I: The Biological System of the Chemical Elements (BSCE) and the role of Lithium for mental health care

Background: In order to account for the physiological effects of chemical elements in living organisms using some Biological System of Elements (BSE) established by Markert in 1994 [1], the familiar Periodic Chemical System of Elements (PSE) according to Mendelejew and Meyer from 1869 was completed and modified using the Geochemical System of Elements (GSE) by Railsback [2-4, 5]. BSE goes beyond accumulating essentiality investigations, despite obvious technical and analytical limitations. In correlation among abundances of elements in different samples of biological origins, there are deep-rooted biochemical factors and relationships which these authors began studying and describing in more detail in the late 1990´s. Until the end of 2017, the BSCE was referred to as the Biological System of Elements (BSE).Lithium is not considered a vital or essential trace element. However, lithium is present in our body and has important functions, especially for the psyche. Specifically, lithium is important for mental health. The application of Li as pharmaceutical therapeutic equivalent for bipolar disorders (formerly called manic depressive disorders) is a well-known example of the use of a monovalent cation on neurological therapy. One of the main scientific objectives of this review and future research is the use of functional food in supporting and balancing the therapeutic dose of Li in the human body. In order to describe a possible application of a "functional food therapy by Li” and to meet its “scientific philosophy" a first look was given to Li-accumulating plants. We explain the use of plants containing high amounts of Li and described possible effects of increased Li concentrations in the human body.Finally, we should confirm if "natural food therapy” (for instance “green pills”) can positively support mental human health care benefits by fitting the ratio of Li / neurological diseases. For example, diseases like chronic bipolar disorders. Accordingly, the BSCE will continue to identify and investigate other chemical elements for using them in an effective Functional Food Therapy (FFT) of chronic neurological diseases and possibly other diseases. Keywords: Biological System of Chemical Elements (BSCE), Lithium (Li), Bipolar Disorders, Neurology, Functional Food Therapy (FFT), Chronic diseases

Synthesis and electrochemical performances of Mn x Co y Ni z CO3

The hydrothermal method was used to synthesize microstructured MnxCoyNizCO3. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy was used to analyze the contents of the elements in different samples. The electrochemical properties of the samples were investigated by a comprehensive battery testing system. The results showed that sample-1 (Mn0.714Co0.143Ni0.143CO3) and sample-2 (Mn0.769Co0.154Ni0.077CO3) were formed under different conditions. Both of the samples took on the morphology of microspheres with diameters between 3 and 6 μm. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that sample-1 featured better electrochemical performance than sample-2 and showed a higher reversible discharge capacity of 754 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at the current density of 100 mA g−1 in the voltage range of 0.01–3 V. Hence, ternary manganese–nickel–cobalt carbonates with suitable composition could be used as high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion battery application.

Influence of Different Heating Systems on the Bioavailable Fractions of Some Elements in House Dust

This study aims at investigating the influence of different heating systems generally used in Jordan on the levels of metal inorganic pollutants in house dust. Fifty samples from different houses in a rural region in Ajlune governorate (Jordan) were collected using commercial vacuum cleaners. All samples were sequentially extracted using the standard BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) procedure and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) for Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, V, Ti and Zn. The results indicated that dust samples collected from houses using wood and/or olive residue for heating contain highest concentrations of all elements as compared to all other heating systems. Levels of measured elements in different samples were in the following order; wood/olive residue samples > kerosene samples > natural gas samples > central heating samples > reference samples. In general, the speciation patterns obtained for the measured elements in the different samples are quite different. Most of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu are tied up in carbonate phases. Ni was mostly tied up in organic phases, while Al, V, Mn and Cr were mostly associated with the residual fraction.

A characteristics study on the heavy metals (Pb, Zn, As) in the coal of Southwest China

In this paper the concentration distribution of lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and zinc (Zn) in seven coal samples taken from Southwest China were analysed by applying the sequential extraction method. The results showed that the total concentrations of these trace elements in different samples varied significantly, as did their distribution within some specific fractions. The highest percentages of these three elements are contained in the exchangeable and sulphide-bound fractions, which tend to be released into the atmosphere and therefore pose a threat to the environment and human health because of their high mobility and toxicity. The As concentration in the exchangeable fraction was only as high as 19·07 mg kg−1 in the Shuikuang sample, while in the other samples it was below the detection limit. The concentration in the sulphide-bound fraction accounted for 55·26%; thereby indicating a large amount of pyrite because of its sulphophile affinity. Most fractions of As and Zn were contained in the residual fraction.

Filters for the Preconcentration of Elements from Solutions

The main techniques for the preconcentration of elements on thin-layer filters are considered: sorption on filters with noncovalently immobilized reagents, bonded groups, and “mechanically” fixed sorbents and the extraction of elements on filters as poorly soluble and polymeric forms previously formed in solution. The matrix of the filters is cellulose, synthetic polymers of the linear and branched structures, synthetic fibers, reversed-phase silica gels, foamed polyurethanes, etc. The variation of the nature of the bonded group or the reagent introduced into the solution, the matrix material, and the technique for the immobilization of groups provides the preconcentration of elements with regard to the peculiarities of test materials and the method for the subsequent determination of elements. Methods for the determination of elements in different samples including preconcentration on filters are considered.

Comparison of 14 MeV-NAA, k0-NAA and ED-XRF for air pollution bio-monitoring

In this paper the performances and the limitations of three multi-elementary analysis techniques are compared applied to a study of air pollution biomonitoring in Morocco. These techniques are: (1) 14 MeV neutron activation analysis (14 MeV-NAA), (2) thermal neutron activation analysis using the k0 quasi-absolute method (k0-NAA) and (3) energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (ED-XRF). The experimental procedures and the control of the analytical results using certified reference materials are described and discussed. The three methods were confronted for the analysis of lichens, mosses and tree-barks. The complementarity of these methods enabled us to determine 43 elements in different samples. The most suitable method for each element was selected according to the sensitivity and selectivity necessitating the minimum corrections of the matrix effects and/or the interfering reactions.

Ultrasensitive Chemical Analysis. Ultrasensitive Laser Spectroscopy of Trace Elements

AbstractThe application of the ultrasensitive method of laser spectroscopy – resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) – is briefly reviewed. It is used for trace analysis of elements in different samples: high‐purity materials, sea water, ores, etc.

Major Element Relationships in Tektites

THE chemical composition of tektites is a major factor to be considered when investigating theories of tektite origin. Many investigators have remarked on the similarity of the composition of tektites to certain types of sedimentary rocks, and this fact has been held to be indicative of a terrestrial origin. Recent determinations1 of the abundances of the alkali elements, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium in australites showed that a close coherence existed between these five elements in different samples ; in fact, the concentration of one alkali element was shown to be positively correlated with the concentration of any other to a high degree of significance.