Design Elements Research Articles

Perspectives on Anesthesia and Perioperative Patient Safety: Past, Present, and Future.

During the past 70 years, patient safety science has evolved through four organizational frameworks known as Safety-0, Safety -1, Safety-2, and Safety-3. Their evolution reflects the realization over time that blaming people, chasing errors, fixing one-offs, and regulation would not create the desired patient safety. In Safety-0, the oldest framework, harm events arise from clinician failure; event prevention relies on better staffing, education, and basic standards. In Safety-1, used by hospitals, harm events arise from individual and/or system failures. Safety is improved through analytics, workplace culture, high reliability principles, technology, and quality improvement. Safety-2 emphasizes clinicians' adaptability to prevent harm events in an everchanging environment, using resilience engineering principles. Safety-3, used by aviation, adds system design and control elements to Safety-1 and Safety-2, deploying human factors, design-thinking, and operational control or feedback to prevent and respond to harm events. Safety-3 represents a potential way for anesthesia and perioperative care to become safer.

Promoting a sense of belonging in university online learning: How and why initial teacher education students experience an increased sense of belonging

Despite evidence of practices that support online students in university learning, promoting engagement and building a student sense of belonging continue to be a challenge. To enhance student engagement, a suite of evidence-based learning design strategies was incorporated across online units of study in initial teacher education programmes at a regional Australian university. To determine the impact of these strategies or elements, students were surveyed regarding their perspectives on how the elements had positively impacted their sense of belonging within the online university community. The systemic functional linguistics Appraisal framework was used to analyse qualitative survey data, which reported students experienced an increased sense of belonging expressed as positive judgements of their own mental capacities. Students also expressed feeling cared for, valued and supported by academics and experienced enjoyment in their learning and reduced levels of stress. All elements were positively evaluated; however, unit coordinator behaviour, especially social capacity, was unexpectedly important in increasing student sense of belonging. Whilst ongoing incorporation of design elements to enhance engagement is important, the behaviours of unit coordinators actioned through these elements were paramount in promoting student belonging. Implications for practice or policy: Increasing levels of student belonging may be improved by including learning experiences that promote feelings of success and relationships with others. Unit coordinators can enhance online student belonging by using online learning design elements to demonstrate approachability, understanding, supportiveness, availability, presence, care and patience. Universities should consider adopting organisation-wide initiatives that promote consistent and visible learning design features and staff presence, with the aim of addressing attrition and retention challenges.

Board Games and Entrepreneurial Skills Acquisition: A Mixed-Methods Study on the Efficacy of the EntreComp Framework in Higher Education

The landscape of higher education has witnessed a paradigmatic shift towards methodologies that are more interactive and engaging. The integration of gamification and board games as active learning methodologies in higher education, as well as the instruction in entrepreneurial competencies, has garnered significant interest for its potential to engage and motivate students, thereby enhancing learning outcomes. Gamification, characterized by the incorporation of game design elements into non-game contexts, offers a captivating and novel learning experience that fosters intrinsic motivation and active participation among students. One of the main ways of applying gamification is through board games, providing hands-on opportunities for students to apply theoretical knowledge in practical scenarios. A critical aspect of this educational innovation is its contribution to the instruction of entrepreneurial competencies, a domain gaining traction within higher educational settings. The European Entrepreneurship Competence Framework (EntreComp) stands at the forefront of this educational endeavor, offering a comprehensive blueprint for cultivating entrepreneurial skills and mindsets. This study is anchored in the context described above, with a focused aim to delineate which entrepreneurial competencies, as outlined by the EntreComp framework, are most effectively developed through these novel educational interventions. To facilitate this investigation, the "Game It Away!" project was initiated, encompassing three pilot studies. These pilots innovatively employed board games as the medium through which participants could acquire and hone their entrepreneurial skills. A key component of the learning process within these pilots was the maintenance of a learning journal by the students. This journal, filled with various reflective questions, provided a structured mechanism for participants to document and reflect upon their learning journey throughout the project. In this way, by using qualitative and quantitative methodologies, it is possible to verify the evolution of certain competences. The integration of gamification and board games within educational settings, particularly through the lens of the "Game It Away!" project, represents a pioneering approach to fostering entrepreneurial competencies among students. This study, leveraging both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, has illuminated the substantial potential of these innovative pedagogical strategies to revolutionize the teaching and acquisition of entrepreneurial skills as outlined by the EntreComp framework.

Strategic Approaches in Generation of Robust Microphysiological 3D Musculoskeletal Tissue System

AbstractSkeletal muscle plays a vital role in maintaining the body's shape and regulating various physiological processes. Its function is influenced by a multitude of factors. Given the lack of uniformity in prior research regarding the size and placement of structural pillars within the chip, as well as the choice of cell‐laden hydrogel components with various densities of extracellular matrix, in different gelation times, and cell densities, a meticulous investigation is conducted to enhance the robustness of 3D in vitro musculoskeletal tissues. This study provides guidance on how to optimize the design parameters of skeletal muscle‐on‐a‐chip and hydrogel recipe by evaluating the impact of design elements and hydrogel fabrication conditions on tissue formation and musculoskeletal differentiation. This research reports the direct evidence of mechanical properties of hydrogels are critical in influencing cellular differentiation and tissue functionality through the process of mechanotransduction. The study highlights the importance of standardizing experimental conditions in 3D in vitro musculoskeletal research, and presents a validated framework as a foundation to aid in the development of functional musculoskeletal tissue for clinical and research applications, including disease modeling and regenerative therapies.

Computer Design of the Regulating Working Element of the Channel Cleaning Equipment

Cleaning devices of channel systems used for irrigation of agricultural plants and mechatronic parts regulating their operations were analyzed, the issues of automation of construction design, measurement and management in this field were examined and the purpose of the work was determined. As the goal of the work, the issue of automation of the construction design, technological measurement and management process of the working body for efficient cleaning of small and medium-sized concrete-covered channels, bathtubs from sludge and weeds was set. A complex scheme of information, algorithmic and software support for the automation of the design, technological measurement and control of the mechatronic parts of the working body used for cleaning the channel and bathtub was proposed, and the issues of logical modeling and simulation of the drawing of 2- and 3-dimensional images of the working body were solved. Algorithms were developed using the production modeling method to automate the process of technological measurement, implementation and management, which accurately regulates the operations of the working body of the mechanical device of complex construction. In Solid Edge 2D, 3D software environments, the determination of the geometric shapes of the individual mechanical parts of the channel cleaning unit with a milling cutter, their sizes and types of materials is ensured, and the algorithm was developed using the logical modeling method. For the automation of the structural design process, the information security of the mechanical parts of the application object and the elements of the new design milling cutter device was created for the management of the database of drawings.

Textile-based 3D printing and traditional Chinese geometric patterns for fashion textile development

Here, textile-based 3D printing technology is combined with traditional Chinese patterns to create new effects. Traditional Chinese patterns are the main carrier of cultural heritage and have been widely applied as creative design elements to develop unique fashion and textile products. Two geometric patterns inspired by traditional Chinese patterns are developed through the direct deposition of polylactic acid onto polyester fabric. Then the physical and mechanical performances of the printed patterns are examined under a microscope, along with tensile, tear, and joint motion tests. After that, two garment prototypes are created to explore the design aesthetics of the 3D printed geometric patterns. This research work reports on a comprehensive and practical design process for the creation of 3D printed fashion textiles. The work is expected to provide insights for designers and researchers when reviving traditional elements through modern technology. More applications can be explored based on the results reported in this paper.

How to get high-rise residential design to respond road traffic noise

Rapid urbanization causes acute contradictions of road traffic noise on residents' health. Although many works have been done in this field, specific investigations of how to get a design of residential area to correspond road traffic noise is still limited, especially in a high population dense area. This paper, therefore, focused on high-rise residential blocks, researching relations between design variables and distribution of road traffic noise. In the study, a typical high population dense city, Shenzhen was employed as study case. Based on noise map simulation, design element, block layout, design of individual buildings was proved important in traffic noise impact. The results discovered that the noise reduction effect is relatively significant when the building setback is within 30 - 40 meters of setback curb. To minimize traffic noise impact, flexible layout of board point perimeter type might play an important role. Lowering building heights with increasing the number of building rows, two-story podiums around high-rise buildings, and the addition of balcony railing plate could result in significant noise reductions. Focusing on design elements, this work developed an overall evaluation to improve acoustic environment of high-rise residentials based on noise map simulation, and provided significant contributions in responding road traffic noise.

Effectiveness of VR Technology in the Design of the Bali Megarupa V Virtual Exhibition

Virtual exhibitions offer a promising avenue for art appreciation in the digital age. However, limited research explores how these online spaces can foster emotional connections with art, a crucial aspect of the art experience. This study investigates the potential of immersive virtual reality (VR) to enhance engagement and emotional impact in virtual art exhibitions. Employing a multi-method approach combining literature review, user testing, and prototype development, the research identifies and evaluates design elements contributing to increased user engagement. This research employed a multi-method approach to understand how users engage with virtual art exhibitions. The study identified and evaluated the impact of specific design elements on user engagement by combining a literature review, user testing with a VR prototype, and subsequent analysis. The study focuses on critical elements like interactivity, personalization, storytelling, and multi-sensory experiences. User testing with 55 participants revealed the effectiveness of immersive design in fostering exploration, contemplation, and a sense of presence in the virtual space. This immersive design is the strategic integration of elements like interactivity, personalization, and storytelling within the VR environment. The research underscores the significance of immersive design, defined as the strategic integration of design elements to cultivate an emotional connection within a VR environment. This encompasses aspects like interactivity, personalization, and the incorporation of storytelling within the experience. Finally, the study offers practical recommendations for curators and designers to create virtual art experiences that resonate more deeply with audiences.

The Impact of Green Building Design on Indoor Air Quality and Occupant Experience

This study examines the impact of green building design on indoor air quality (IAQ) and occupant experience, using Heritage Place in Ikoyi, Lagos, as a case study. Green buildings are known for incorporating sustainable practices such as the use of eco-friendly materials, advanced ventilation systems, and biophilic design elements, all aimed at enhancing environmental sustainability and occupant well-being. A descriptive survey methodology was employed, with data gathered through a questionnaire administered to 50 occupants of the building to assess their perceptions of IAQ, health, comfort, and overall satisfaction. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents reported high levels of satisfaction with IAQ, attributing improvements in their health, productivity, and comfort to the building’s green design features. Specifically, low-emission materials and enhanced ventilation systems were highly praised for reducing pollutants and maintaining a healthy indoor environment. However, a few respondents expressed concerns about inconsistent thermal comfort in certain areas. These results underscore the importance of sustainable design in creating healthier, more productive indoor environments. Recommendations for future green building projects include fine-tuning HVAC systems to improve thermal comfort and enhancing occupant education on the benefits of sustainable features.

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL CHARACTER DESIGN AND MODELING FOR MOBILE GAMES

This research focuses on the development process of three-dimensional character design and modeling in mobile games with the rapid development of the game market in the world and in Turkey. The rapid development of the game market has led to an increase in the number of these companies and the necessity to create, develop and improve the infrastructure of the games by programming mobile games and adding new design elements with the increasing number of companies invested or acquired by important national or international companies. Undoubtedly, the visuality used in games is very important in terms of increasing the demand for them and the pleasure they will give to the player. Especially three-dimensional character design ranks first among the criteria that increase the appreciation of the game. Characters should be well designed and original in order to be adopted and preferred by users. This study aims to reveal the development process of three-dimensional character design for mobile games. With this research, it is aimed to draw attention to the design and modeling stages of three-dimensional characters produced for mobile games. The data obtained as a result of the research on the subject show that character design, which is one of the design steps that determine the success of a game, has important contributions from the development stage of the game to the marketing stage. The effectiveness of the character reinforces the bond that the users establish with him/her and thus enables them to internalise and adopt the game they play. For this reason, it has been determined that while character design is critical to the success of a game, it should also be considered that it includes various other elements that also affect the overall game experience.

Teachers as reflective learning experience designers: Bringing design thinking into school-based design and maker education

School-based design and maker education foster the acquisition of 21st-century competencies.Teachers play a crucial role in integrating explorative design thinking and digital fabrication into schools; however, gaps remain in designing, implementing, and reflecting on these processes. This research positions teachers as reflective designers of learning experiences.The case study outlines key elements of learning design and explores the implementation of a project tailored for 13-14-year-old students. A thematic, theory- and data-driven analysis examined the challenges and opportunities in the teacher’s and researcher-teacher’s (Noora, the first author) in-situ and post-reflections on pedagogical practices and the teacher’s role. Three intertwined themes emerged: design leader, collaboration and co-teaching, and (co-)reflection. Through (co-)reflections, they structured and led the design process while simultaneously developing their professional skills. The article also advocates for the necessary mindset and skillset of teachers, emphasizing the importance of professional development and collaboration in enhancing the quality of school-based design and maker education. These insights can guide the application and evolution of existing frameworks to assist teachers, researchers, and other facilitators in introducing creative, hands-on learning experiences into formal education.

Augmenting Prognostication: Utilizing Activity Trackers to Enhance Survival Prediction in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Introduction/BackgroundPrognostication by Performance Status (PS) assessment is a fundamental element of treatment decisions and clinical trial design in oncology, but it is limited by subjectivity and potential miscommunication between patient, physician, and family. Activity tracker offers the potential to collect a broad range of patient-generated data to supplement the assessment of PS. Patients and MethodsPatients with metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC) participated in a single institute, prospective, observational feasibility study conducted at Huntsman Cancer Institute. Patients were given a Fitbit® activity tracker, which collects their steps taken, distance moved, heart rate, and activity intensity. At baseline, PS was assessed by physicians and patients, and demographics and clinical data were collected. We defined novel indices of health: Heart rate Activity zone Mismatch (HAM) and excessive Sedentary Heart Rate (eSHR). We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, and treatment line to estimate and test the prognostic ability of clinical and fitness metrics on overall survival (OS). Each prognostic model was evaluated using Harrell's concordance index (C-index). ResultsFifty-five patients with mNSCLC were enrolled. The median OS was 10.4 months (95% CI: 7.2, 15.2). PS-physician (HR=2.0; p<0.001) and Fitbit® metrics were associated with OS, including daily total steps (1,000-steps) (HR=0.8; p=0.004), HAM (HR=2; p=0.02), eSHR (HR=0.3; p=0.001). The prognostic model that includes PS-physician was associated with the best concordance (C-index=0.75), followed by daily total distance (C-index=0.74) and steps (C-index=0.73) ConclusionsTracker-based measures were prognostic of survival in mNSCLC and may be useful as a supplement or alternative to PS in practice and clinical trials. Micro AbstractPerformance status (PS) is the foundation for clinical trial eligibility and the basis for treatment decisions in thoracic oncology, but it is limited by subjectivity and potential miscommunication between patient, physician, and family. Activity trackers offer a collection of a broad range of patient-generated data that can be used to supplement PS in clinical trials and practice while minimizing subjectivity.

Agile Backward Design: A Framework for planning higher education curriculum

AbstractIn the last two decades there has been an increase in research and discussion regarding curriculum in Higher Education (HE). The literature in this field tends to focus on curriculum change at either the whole institution or individual program or unit level. Formal writing on HE curriculum also does not offer a framework that openly draws upon context, learner needs, pedagogical approaches, and industry requirements to formulate a collaborative model of curricular development. To fill these gaps in HE curriculum discussion and literature the aim of this study was to develop a cross-disciplinary model applicable to both unit (academic module that makes up a program) and program (degree) levels of curriculum development by enabling academics to generate and structure engaging learning opportunities for students. The research team developed this model by drawing on elements of Agile mindset and Backward Design. We call it Agile Backward Design (ABD). This paper reports on this new approach to curricular design. A critical reflective inquiry approach was used to discuss the development of the model. To report the transformation that was made at the program and unit level a case study was employed. In ABD, the researchers have constructed a dynamic and responsive framework that has been foundational in the design and development of innovative curriculum and pedagogy at the unit and program level of undergraduate degrees in the IT discipline area.

Stop Fooling Yourself! (Diagnosing and Treating Confirmation Bias).

Confirmation bias (CB) is a cognitive bias that allows us to fool ourselves by selectively filtering data and distorting analyses to support favored beliefs or hypotheses. In this article, I will briefly review some classic experiments from cognitive psychology that illustrate what a powerful, pernicious, and insidious force CB is. I will then discuss how to recognize CB in our own thinking and behavior and describe specific elements of good experimental design that can mitigate its effects. These elements-such as randomization and blinding-are conceptually straightforward but often difficult in practice and therefore not as widely implemented as they should be.

Models of care for tuberculosis infection screening and treatment in primary care: A scoping review.

Tuberculosis infection (TBI) screening and treatment delivered from primary care could hold the key to achieving tuberculosis (TB) elimination in low TB burden countries. This scoping review was undertaken to understand how elements of the cascade of care for TBI screening and treatment have been implemented in primary care settings globally. For this review, eight databases were searched, including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global and the Cochrane Library, to examine models of care for TBI screening and treatment in primary care. Eight articles were included from the 7207 articles screened. These eight articles describe models of care that are varied in their aim, design and focus and elements of the TBI cascade of care. Although primary care is well placed to offer TBI screening and treatment, robust referral, community mobilisation and systems support are critical. Further research is necessary for Australia to deliver on the elimination target of the World Health Organization.

INVESTIGATION OF TYPOGRAPHY USE AND FONT DESIGN IN VIRTUAL REALITY ENVIRONMENT

Thanks to developing technology, the use of virtual reality has become increasingly widespread. With the widespread use of virtual reality, design in virtual reality has become increasingly important. One of the design elements that should be considered in the virtual reality environment is typography. Different design and production processes have occurred in the use of typography in the virtual reality environment. Nowadays, typography can be used more uniquely in different forms in virtual reality environments. This article focuses on the relationship between virtual reality and typography, one of the new medium that emerged with the development of technology. This article is a qualitative study and the usage of typography in the virtual reality environment is examined. Based on the reviews, a font design was created. The project produced was produced as an example project for the use of the font in the virtual reality environment.

Key Factors Influencing Urban Regenerative Strategies in Public Open Spaces: A Case-Study in Lhasa

Abstract In the last decades, significant efforts have been made in urban construction to achieve rapid economic development. However, with climate change on the agenda, there is a growing recognition of the importance of urban sustainable development and of its potential impacts on residents. Reflection reveals that many policies, measures, and tools are inadequate; therefore, public open spaces are regarded as a potential target of urban regeneration strategies. This study explores users’ perceptions of public open spaces through participatory methods. The developed methodology is applied to specific areas of Lhasa, the major city of the Tibet region, which was selected as a test-bed site. The survey involved a selected pool of participants and emphasized the coverage of different types of public open spaces. Investigate factors including personal background, overall satisfaction, user evaluation, usage preference, and willingness to change, analyze key factors based on quantitative survey results. Subsequently, identify the key regenerative design elements that require highlighting. The findings indicate that comfort and safety are emphasized by users of all types of public open spaces. Additionally, their initial impression upon entering a space significantly influences their overall satisfaction with it. Besides, although individual background differences play a role, they are not sufficient to significantly influence the user’s evaluation of the space. However, variations in the purpose of space use result in differences in user evaluations and needs, impacting their attitudes based on the type of space. Finally, urban regeneration design strategies are proposed for various types of public open spaces and users.

Exploring the impact of integrated design on employee learning engagement in the ubiquitous learning context: A deep learning-based hybrid multistage approach

Learning engagement has received the attention of academics and practitioners; however, studies on employee learning engagement are limited. Based on an integrated hardware-software-value-design––– perspective and domain-specific innovativeness theory, we developed and tested a theoretical framework using a novel and hybrid multistage approach combining a partial least squares (PLS) structural equation model (SEM) and artificial neural networks from deep learning. We used multigroup analysis (PLS-MGA-ANN), which examines key integrated design elements and domain-specific innovativeness drivers of employee learning engagement in toward ubiquitous learning context. According to a sample of learners’ responses, the linear PLS-SEM results demonstrated that (a) integrating design elements, including perceived compatibility, familiarity, value, and user interface design, had a direct impact on domain-specific innovativeness; (b) domain-specific innovativeness had a direct impact on employee learning engagement and played a mediating role in the relationship between integrated design elements and employee learning engagement; and (c) copresence moderated the relationships between domain-specific innovativeness and employee learning engagement. Furthermore, through the evaluation of nonlinear models of the neural network, perceived compatibility and value revealed nonlinear average importance. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

Understanding User Satisfaction and Engagement with an Online Historical and Cultural Game from a User Experience Perspective

ABSTRACTThis poster explores the impact of design in historical and cultural games, focusing specifically on JX3 Online, a Chinese 3D massively multiplayer online role‐playing game. It investigates how these designs influence players' perceived value, engagement, and satisfaction. The study uses data from an online survey of 300 respondents. It finds that both aesthetic and functional design elements, along with accurate historical representation, significantly enhance players' perceived value. Additionally, a positive relationship exists between players' perceived value and their satisfaction and engagement levels. This research underscores the potential of historical and cultural games for cultural education and dissemination. It emphasizes the need to blend engaging design with educational content effectively.

A dual-stator threaded linear ultrasonic motor with preload mechanism.

The cylindrical ultrasonic motor, noted for its straightforward design, ease of miniaturization, and high precision, has significant potential in fields such as optics, healthcare, and precision engineering. However, miniaturization presents challenges, including diminished output force and complications in applying preloading stress. To address the reduced output force, this study presents a dual-stator, high-thrust cylindrical linear ultrasonic motor. This innovative motor features two stators, a mover, and a mechanism for applying preloading stress. A key design element is the parallel arrangement of the two stators along a threaded output shaft, separated by elastic components. This setup enables axial preloading via the threads' engagement. Simulations were conducted to refine the stators' parameters, assess their operational modes, and evaluate their in-plane paths. A prototype was subsequently built to test its impedance characteristics and mechanical performance. Test results showed that under a 200Vpp drive, the single-stator motor generated a maximum force of 4.3 N, while the dual-stator configuration produced 6.8 N. After applying preloading stress, the output force of the dual-stator motor increased to 9.4 N.