Elementary Textbooks Research Articles

2015 개정 및 2022 개정 교육과정에 따른 '즐거운 생활' 교육과정과 교과서의 음악 학습 내용 비교

As the 2022 revised curriculum was implemented, significant changes emerged in the content structure and textbook system of the elementary school integrated curriculum. This study aims to investigate how the "Pleasant Life" curriculum and the music learning content in elementary school textbooks impact music education. To this end, the study first compares the characteristics of the "Joyful Life" curriculum in the 2015 and 2022 revised curriculum. Second, the study analyzes in detail the characteristics of songs and music learning activities included in the integrated textbooks of both periods. Third, it identifies the challenges faced in music education for first and second-grade students within the integrated curriculum system and proposes improvement strategies to address these issues. The findings reveal that while the 2022 revised curriculum emphasizes teacher and student autonomy, it does not adequately support foundational music learning. Specifically, as the difficulty of songs in the textbooks increased and music activities decreased, students lacked sufficient opportunities for meaningful musical experiences. Therefore, to ensure effective music education for lower grades, music instruction should be delivered separately from integrated subjects, with a more systematic and developmentally appropriate approach. Additionally, there is a need to present musical scores in varied formats and include easier songs in textbooks. Improvements should also focus on designing music learning activities that align with the developmental stages of young learners, making musical concepts easier to understand and learn systematically.

평면도형의 이동에서 모양과 방향의 변화에 대한 학생의 이해

This study analyzes how the shape and direction of figures are addressed in relation to transformations (translation, reflection, and rotation) in elementary school textbooks from the 7th curriculum to the 2015 revised curriculum, and investigates 5th-grade students' understanding of shape and direction through a test. The results revealed that students interpreted the meaning of shape inconsistently, varying their understanding based on the given context. In tasks requiring students to identify whether the shape or direction of a figure remained unchanged after reflection or rotation, their responses were influenced by the symmetry of each figure. Based on these results, this study discusses the issues inherent in the linguistic expressions and activities related to shape and direction in the textbooks. The conclusion suggests that, for 3rd and 4th graders, the focus should be on observing various combinations of translation, reflection, and rotation, and engaging in art-related activities or interesting problem-solving tasks. Activities that involve identifying whether shapes are the same should be more thoroughly addressed in the 5th and 6th grades, alongside the concept of congruence.

Circular motion of a charged particle on the inner surface of a frictionless cone under the influence of an electric field due to an electric dipole

A common problem provided in elementary physics textbooks is the analysis of the circular motion of a point-like particle affected by a gravitational field on the frictionless inner surface of an inverted cone. In this research, we study the motion of a charged particle on the same surface subject to an electric field generated by an electric dipole placed at the bottom of the cone. We study negatively and positively charged particles and analyse the dynamics of both. We calculate the physical quantities such as speed, angular velocity, angular momentum, and mechanical energy. Furthermore, we determine all possible distances travelled by the particles measured from the dipole. We also discuss the stability of the circular orbit using the effective potential. Finally, we consider the particle’s motion on a generic surface formed by the revolution of the curve ρz around the vertical axis. We determine the differential equation of ρz , in which the kinematic variables including speed v, angular velocity ω, and angular momentum L are constant.

Visuals in elementary School First Grade Life Studies Textbooks: A Study on Root Values and Academician Perspectives

This study assesses the representation of core values in the visuals of a first-grade Life Studies textbook, based on the opinions of academicians. Employing basic qualitative research methods, including Feldman Art Criticism, Pedagogical Criticism, and a Semi-structured Root Values and Visual Analysis form developed by the researcher with expert advice, it examines 16 visuals for their expression of ten core values as defined by the Board of Education and Instruction. Descriptive analysis was utilized to evaluate the frequency and adequacy of these visuals in conveying the values. The findings reveal that love, respect, and responsibility are the most frequently depicted values, whereas honesty, justice, and patience are the least represented. The study concludes that visuals most effectively embody the values of benevolence and honesty, and recommends incorporating more visuals that depict honesty, justice, and patience in future editions of the textbook.

“We are the same, we are equal”: Plant diversity knowledge in Indonesian elementary special school textbooks

“We are the same, we are equal”: Plant diversity knowledge in Indonesian elementary special school textbooks

WAYS OF SOLVING MATHS TEXTUAL PROBLEMS IN ELEMENTARY CLASSESS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS

The article presents a study of theoretical material on the methodology of solving word problems, theories and steps put forward by methodologists on word problems, as well as research among students during mathematics classes and the results of an online survey among teachers. We have represented the experimental-teaching work done among the students analyzing only the results obtained at the end of the research. We have presented our analysis based on the results of an empirical online survey conducted among teachers. In the article, at the end of the experimental-research work, conclusions are presented, from which the recommendations are derived. They refer to making it easier to solve the text problems in the textbooks, as well as to include in the textbooks such problems that have not yet been encountered or rarely encountered in elementary school mathematics textbooks. According to that, the scientific novelty lies in the fact that, based on a number of video-methodological studies carried out in this field, we have generalized and presented in a new way the uniqueness of solving text problems among younger schoolchildren within the framework of a single study.

Towards the development of elementary AI digital textbooks in Korean language

Towards the development of elementary AI digital textbooks in Korean language

중국 초등 미술교육과 전통 민속문화 - 미술 교과서 내용 분석을 중심으로

This study examines educational contents of folk culture in elementary school art textbooks to increase understanding of China’s traditional folk culture education. China, as a multi-ethnic nation, has established a legal basis for the preservation and protection of traditional folk culture of ethnic groups and has implemented educational policies to promote these folk cultures. The following are the results of analysis of the illustrations included in the art textbooks for all grade levels. First, illustrations related to Chinese folk culture in the textbooks are 49 in total, making up 12% of the total textbook illustrations. Second, educational areas represented are relatively evenly divided between sculpting and molding, design application, and art appreciation and criticism. Third, folk culture of 17 ethnic groups from 14 different regions are introduced in the textbooks out of 56 ethnic groups recognized in China. Fourth, educational content related to folk culture consists of folk toys, handcrafted ornaments, embroidery, dyeing and weaving, paper crafts, folk architect, sculpture, shadow puppetry, lotus paintings, rubbing, traditional holidays and traditional clothing. However, the fact that more than 70% of the images are of folk toys and handcrafted items and that some illustrations were inserted merely to arouse curiosity are areas that would need to be worked on to better

EDUCATION OF CODE, PROBLEM SOLVING, ALGORITHMICAL THINKING IN PRIMARY CLASS PUPILS

In this article, early learning classically includes reading, writing, and mathematics. The importance of addition in "counting" as a basic skill that every child should learn. The goal is development. Computational thinking does not come naturally and requires training and guidance. This study was conducted to determine the effects of coding education on elementary school pupils. It has a positive effect on elementary school pupils' attention, problem solving, and algorithmic thinking skills. In particular, the ideas of Turkish scientists about the concepts of coding education in primary grades should first be reflected in human thinking. The coding training used in this study contributed to the development of basic algorithmic skills in pupils, such as "when faced with any problem, they can easily write an algorithm for that problem or perform an algorithmic procedure when performing any task." happy In our country, the attention paid to elementary school textbooks and the impact of changes in them on the educational process is known to a significant extent. Topics in primary school textbooks are becoming more and more complex. As a result, the school assigns a more responsible task to primary school teachers.

고려의 인물, 徐熙의 ‘將軍’ 호칭에 대한 再論

Seo Hee(徐熙, 942-998), included in elementary and middle school textbooks and among the 100 greatest people of Korea, was a teacher of the people who saved the country from invasion by foreign enemies with excellent wisdom and courageous determ ination, and is a m an whose equal is hard to find in our history. He was an outstanding strategist and diplomat with a strong spirit of independence. Currently, after Seo Hee was described as a 'general' in the elementary school Social Life 6-1 textbook during the first curriculum period after the Korean War(1954-1963), in 1977, Seo Hee's grave in Sanbuk-myeon, Yeoju-si was renamed 'General Seo Hee's Tomb'. It was designated and registered as a Gyeonggi-do monument. Since the memorial conference held on the 1,000th anniversary of Seo Hee's death(1999), major researchers have repeatedly pointed out that the military title 'General' is inappropriate, and the former president and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as a civil servant, and the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, have called it 'Jang Wigong Seo Hee-sang'. Even though it has been designated and announced as a standard portrait, the name has not yet been changed correctly. In addition, there is a problem of unification as different names are used interchangeably in local governments. Currently, the term 'general' in the general dictionary meaning refers to a military officer (military officer) or general(大將) who commands and commands an army, and 'general' in English means a general-level officer(將星級 將校). It is expressed as the rank of a head officer who com m ands and commands the army. Moreover, during the Goryeo Dynasty, a general was the third highest rank in the central army. Using the term ‘general’ with this meaning as ‘General Seohee’ for Seohee, a civil servant, is not the correct title given the trajectory of his actions and life. It is probably not the fault of the academic world or the family alone that they have not yet been able to come up with a suitable name despite constant requests for a nam e change. It originates from the unconsciousness of all of us. Therefore, the name of the current Gyeonggi-do monument, “General Seo Hee’s Tomb,” should be changed to “Yeoju Jangwigong Seo Hee’s Cemetery.”

An Analysis of Environmental Education in Indonesian EFL Elementary School Textbooks

The worsening global environmental crisis highlights the urgency of integrating Environmental Education (EE) throughout the curriculum including in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) curricula. However, challenges exist, such as the development of appropriate curriculum documents and educators’ understanding of approaches to EE. This study looked at Indonesian EFL textbooks for elementary schools, focusing mainly on the images and how they can portray environmental themes. These images and some brief texts that accompany the images were examined using tools from ecolinguistics literature, including Stibbe’s (2021) nine stories and the United Nations’ EE objectives (UNESCO-UNEP, 1975). This study intends to fill a gap in the EE literature by analyzing images in elementary school textbooks in the specific context of Indonesia, generalizing the idea of EE to other contexts. Findings revealed that while some EE efforts were evident, the majority of the material leaned towards an anthropocentric (human centered) perspective, indicating a need for greater incorporation of insights from ecolinguistics to enhance the content. Moreover, in terms of EE objectives, the textbooks provided ecological knowledge but lacked emphasis on developing skills and encouraging student participation in solving environmental problems. Examples demonstrating the ability to evaluate and address environmental issues were also absent. Suggestions are made for future EE content in EFL materials.

Cultural Literacy : Ondel-Ondel Betawi in Elementary School Textbooks

This study aims to analyze the use of Betawi ondel-ondel in elementary school textbooks as a means of cultural literacy for students. The methodology used is a literature study that includes a review of elementary school textbooks that contain material about Betawi culture and the use of ondel-ondel in an educational context. The results showed that the use of ondel-ondel in elementary school textbooks made a positive contribution to students' understanding and appreciation of Betawi culture. Students not only gained knowledge about ondel-ondel, but also developed important cultural literacy skills. The conclusion of this study is the importance of integrating local cultural elements in the primary education curriculum to enhance students' understanding of their cultural heritage. The last recommendation from this study is the need for more research and development of teaching materials that utilize the potential of local culture as a means of learning in elementary schools

An Analysis of Elementary Musical Creativity Contents in China

This study aims to examine and analyse the musical creativity content of elementary school music textbooks in China through qualitative document analysis. The selected materials are textbooks published by the People's Music Publishing House and People's Education Press for Grade 5 and 6 students. The frequency and percentage of musical creativity contents were recorded, and the corresponding musical elements and mediums were analysed. The results showed that the musical elements with the highest frequency are rhythm and melody, while the musical mediums with the highest frequency are vocal, body, instrument, and notation.

Analysis of Model Development and Usage Patterns in Geological, Astronomical, and Atmospheric Domains in Korean Elementary School Science Textbooks

In science education, models are used as key teaching tools to teach scientific phenomena and concepts to students. Although South Korea recognizes the value of model use in science education, it is necessary to analyze how model use is reflected in science textbooks and in classrooms. This study examined the development and usage patterns of models in experimental activities in the geological, astronomical, and atmospheric domains in three Korean elementary school science textbooks. A coding framework was developed and analyzed based on previous studies and science curricula in other countries. The study found that, first, the model development and usage patterns in experimental activities in the geological, astronomical, and atmospheric domains in science textbooks were largely similar, although some differences existed across domains. Second, the resources required for model development and development methods; evidence-based model development, evaluation, and modification; and the cyclic features of modeling were similar across the three domains, but the geological domain was characterized by model limitations and the astronomical domain was characterized by the process of investigating a phenomenon. Based on these f indings, the study discussed model development activities in textbooks can be improved.

Developing classroom-friendly teaching models for elementary English AI digital textbooks

Developing classroom-friendly teaching models for elementary English AI digital textbooks

An SFL Analysis of Dialogues in Elementary EFL Textbooks

Textbooks play a vital role in language instruction. The study aims to examine the three metafunctions of language based on the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) theory. As such, a descriptive qualitative approach along with content analysis is employed to examine dialogues that were selected conveniently from two elementary EFL textbooks. The findings indicate that the relational process is the most frequent process type indicating the ideational function of the two textbooks. For the sake of interpersonal function, declarative sentences are mostly utilized. Meanwhile, the textual function is mostly reflected by the T (Thing) and DT (Deictic + Thing) nominal group pattern. These findings have pedagogical implications for teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL), particularly for elementary school students; providing simple language patterns that help students build a foundational vocabulary and understanding of grammar for proficient communication. The theoretical implication of the findings is the importance of scaffolded learning that helps learners grasp basic linguistic concepts before moving on to more complex and dynamic language use

초등 음악 교과서 정간보 용례 분석을 통한 정간보 용어 재정립 방안 모색

Jeongganbo (井間譜), a notation method that replaces the time value of the sound with the area of space by creating a space in the shape of the letter ‘jeong’ (井), is characterized by the uniqueness that requires notating one or more musical elements, such as pitch, rhythmic pattern, playing technique, and lyrics, in each space. Due to the fundamental characteristics of jeongganbo, various types of jeongganbo have been developed and utilized in Korean traditional music education of general schools, but research on names or conceptual errors indicating various types of jeongganbo has not been conducted, raising the need for research. Accordingly, this study reviews the terminology and concepts of jeongganbo presented in the current 8-9 types of elementary school music textbooks, further analyzing the use of various jeongganbo types and seeking ways to redefine jeongganbo terminology for effective discrimination of the current single name of jeongganbo. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, there are some errors in the concepts of jeongganbo stated in dictionaries and compendia, including the statement that the pitch in addition to the time value is notated. In addition, the concept of jeongganbo presented in the current elementary school music textbooks was mainly presented to teach 5th and 6th graders how to play traditional wind instruments, danso and sogeum. While 7 types of the textbooks is relatively accurate in using it, 1 type makes an error. Second, the result of the analysis after classifying the types of jeongganbo used in the current 8-9 types of elementary school music textbooks according to the notation type and notation method of notation content (music elements) is that the notation form of jeongganbo is divided into vertical and horizontal types. The result of classifying and examining the use of jeongganbo according to the way musical elements such as syllable of rhythmic patterns, name of pitch, melodic line, lyrics and others are notated is that various types of jeongganbo for a whole musical piece, one rhythmic pattern beat, or one line have been developed and they are widely used across 3rd to 6th grades, depending on the instruction content or instruction stage. Third, there are the principle of generating terms to differentiate and refer to various types of jeongganbo. First, there is separation by notation type; second, separation by notation method of music element; third, separation by the level of notation method even for the same musical element; fourth, unification of terms in the case of the same functional notation method of a single music element; and fifth, it is referred as jeongganchongbo when two or more musical elements are combined. The names of many jeongganbo created by these principles are classified into sub-concepts such as ‘horizontal/vertical jeongganbo’, ‘horizontal/vertical jeongganchongbo’, ‘horizontal/vertical gueum-jeongganbo’, ‘horizontal/vertical yulja-jeongganbo’, ‘horizontal/vertical garakseonjeongganbo’, ‘horizontal/vertical gasa-jeongganbo’, and ‘horizontal/vertical gita-jeongganbo’; and all these sub-concepts leads to the higher concept, jeongganbo. It is assumed that various types of jeongganbo will continue to be developed and utilized in the future, which is a phenomenon that highlights the inherent characteristics of jeongganbo as an open score, and its infinite succession and development is expected.

How textbook images frame the gender roles of women in science and elsewhere: a content analysis of elementary school science textbooks

ABSTRACT Based on the concepts of gender framing and gender categorisation, this content analysis evaluates the images of adults (N = 1655) and the portrayal of women from the 6 series of science textbooks authorised by the Japanese Ministry of Education for use in elementary school science classes in the 2022 academic year. The images were counted and coded according to the activities the participants were engaged in. Data were then analysed according to three potential patterns for transmission of gender roles – invisibility, low stature, and domesticity. The content analysis showed differences between the 6 series in terms of their portrayal of women and of female scientists, however, across all series, there were fewer women portrayed than men, fewer female scientists than male, and fewer women were presented as important ‘people to study’. Women were less likely to be shown in high-status decision-making roles, as demonstrating ‘brilliance’, or as being rewarded or recognised for their scientific achievements. They were, however, more likely than men to be depicted in images connected to themes of domesticity than as scientists or in other professional situations. Domestic themes such as childcare could still be seen in images of female scientists or women at work.

2022 개정 음악과 교육과정 기반 초등 음악 교과서 국악 영역의 편성 방향 탐색

The purpose of this study is to compare and review the characteristics of the 2015 and 2022 revised music curriculum, analyze the contents of Korean traditional music instruction in eight elementary music textbooks in the 3rd and 6th grades reflecting the 2015 revised music curriculum, and propose a direction for writing Korean traditional music textbooks based on the 2022 revised music curriculum. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, the content system of the 2015 revised music curriculum consisted of three areas: expression, appreciation, and daily life, and the expression area was mainly composed of singing, performing, and creative activities. Focusing on the explicit and independent form of Korean traditional music instruction in elementary music textbooks, it was classified and reviewed into factors such as the number of units(sanction songs) for each area, sub-areas according to the activity content, the number of programming pages, the time difference, and the organization rate. As a result, the contents of Korean traditional music instruction in 8 types of elementary music textbooks were, on average, linked to activities in 8 to 9 units(sanction songs) in the expression area and various sub-areas, a total of 16 to 20 pages, a total of 16 to 20 sessions, around 25%; linked activities in 2 to 3 units(sanction songs) in the appreciation area and various sub-areas, a total of 5 sessions, around 7%; linked activities in one unit(sanction songs) in the daily life area and several sub-areas, a total of 1 to 2 pages, a total of 1st sessions, less than 1 to 5%. On the other hand, it was found that within the same textbook, the organization rate by area showed a rather large variation by grade group. Second, the 2022 revised music curriculum was designed in three areas: performance, appreciation, and creation, unlike the previous curriculum. Accordingly, the direction of organizing the Korean traditional music instruction contents of elementary music textbooks to be developed in the future should be linked to the expansion of performance activities centered on differentiated singing and instrumental music, the presentation of continuous appreciation activities, and the implementation of reinforcement of differentiated and independent creative activities. In addition, based on explicit and independent units, the 2022 revised elementary music textbook Korean traditional music instruction content should be at least 27 sessions and at least 40% of the organization rate in all music textbooks. Specifically, six to eight units(sanctioned songs) in the performance(singular and instrumental music) area, a total of 15 sessions or more, 22% or more; two to three units in the appreciation area, a total of six sessions or more, 9% or more in the organization rate; two to three units in the creative area, a total of six sessions or more; a ratio of 3:1:1 in the three areas of performance, appreciation and creation; It is suggested that the organization rate be arranged in a balanced manner so that the deviation of the organization rate by area is not too large by grade group. However, it should be noted that the number of units(sanction songs) can be added or subtracted depending on the autonomy of the publisher's writers, and various activities such as body expression and play should be designed to be integrated with the main area's activities. The total organization rate increases further because the contents of Korean traditional music are integrated and organized through Western music, multicultural music, concerts, and unit arrangements.

The Colonialism and Stereotypes Based on Race and Religion: Representation of Papua in Indonesian Elementary Textbook School

Implementing anti-racist pedagogy in Islamic schools, particularly for Muslim teachers, involves unique challenges. Their behaviour is closely scrutinized, making it crucial to emphasize positive Islamic behaviour, including antiracism efforts, to contribute to a more just society. This research explained the root of racism and equality in Islam. In addition, this research add explanation on how Islamic education has significant role as well as antiracism paedagogy through school text book. School textbooks are effective media for conveying educational messages or values to children. Besides being made as an educational medium, books are also deliberately designed to represent the ideal interests according to their creator, especially books published by the state. The content can undoubtedly describe what is suitable for each country. Through school textbooks, we can look at the state's perspective on ethnicity critically. Based on this, this study will describe the representation of an ethnic group, especially the Papuan ethnic group. This research is not only limited to the study of texts but will try to do interdiscussion with the existing social context. By using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) this research will provide a complete picture of how the text is formed and what discourses are present in the formation of the text. The text in this study consisted of 2 related types, namely picture text and narrative text. In addition, this research is necessary because the findings will provide an overview of the content of school textbooks related to how regional representation is described. This is important to note as one of the instruments to build contemporary Indonesian identity especially in the national and Islamic education sector.