Elementary System Research Articles

The effects of the Daily Behavior Report Cards (DBRC) on the disruptive behavior and specific goal behavior of elementary school children: a multiple baseline design study

This study used a single-case design to investigate the effectiveness of Daily Behavior Report Cards (DBRC) in addressing elementary school children’s disruptive behavior. The study, conducted in a German elementary school, involved ten second-grade students identified by their teachers as exhibiting disruptive behaviors. The procedures included training teachers in the implementation of DBRC, setting specific behavioral goals for each student, and using the Direct Behavior Rating (DBR) to assess General Disruptive Behavior (GDB) and Specific Goal Behavior (SGB). The DBRC was implemented over 120 days, with daily monitoring and feedback provided to students. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in both variables. The data analysis was conducted using regression-based analyses and the Non-Overlap of All Pairs (NAP). This study confirms the effectiveness of DBRC in mitigating disruptive behaviors and achieving specific behavioral goals, thereby contributing valuable insights into the application of this evidence-based intervention within the German elementary school system. It also highlights the utility of the single-case design in educational research.

Investigating the mechanical properties related to the vertical bending of composite I‐beams with corrugated steel webs

AbstractThe maximum angular rotation attributable to the in‐plane shear deformation of flange slabs is used as generalised displacement in the conventional analysis method for I‐beams. However, the mechanical concepts are poorly understood due to the complex nature of this analysis method. Consequently, a novel strategy for analysing vertical bending in composite I‐beams is proposed in this study. This approach uses the additional deflection of composite I‐beams induced by the shear lag effect as the generalised displacement. Furthermore, this research comprehensively considers the accordion effect, shear lag and self‐equilibrium conditions for the shear lag warping stress and bending moment. Moreover, two longitudinal warping displacement difference functions are employed to accurately describe the variation of shear lag in composite I‐beams with varying flange slab widths. The differential equations of the I‐beams with corrugated steel webs in the elastic range are established based on the energy‐variation method. A complete mechanical system of a composite I‐beam is decomposed into two parts, namely, the shear lag mechanical system and the elementary beam mechanical system, which are independent of each other. The theory presented in this paper reflects the internal mechanical mechanism of composite I‐beams. The calculation accuracy is considerably improved in this study. Therefore, this method is more unambiguous and well‐defined. It enriches and advances the current analysis theory of composite structures, which can guide the design of composite I‐beams.

Observation of a phase space horizon with surface gravity water waves

In 1974, Stephen Hawking predicted that quantum effects in the proximity of a black hole lead to the emission of particles and black hole evaporation. At the very heart of this process lies a logarithmic phase singularity which leads to the Bose-Einstein statistics of Hawking radiation. An identical singularity appears in the elementary quantum system of the inverted harmonic oscillator. In this Letter we report the observation of the onset of this logarithmic phase singularity emerging at a horizon in phase space and giving rise to a Fermi-Dirac distribution. For this purpose, we utilize surface gravity water waves and freely propagate an appropriately tailored energy wave function of the inverted harmonic oscillator to reveal the phase space horizon and the intrinsic singularities. Due to the presence of an amplitude singularity in this system, the analogous quantities display a Fermi-Dirac rather than a Bose-Einstein distribution.

The Effect of Using Powtoon Animation Learning Media on Solar System Material on the Learning Outcomes of Class VI Elementary School Students

The research aims to examine the significant influence of using Powtoon learning media on the learning outcomes of class VI students at SDN 21 Muntok. Sampling used the purposive area sampling method and obtained two classes, namely VI A experimental class and VI B as the control class with each class containing 25 students. The research uses data collection techniques through post-tests in the form of multiple choice and descriptive questions, observation, documentation and interviews. The data obtained was analyzed using statistical tests which included normality tests, data analysis using the Paired Samples t-Test. Based on hypothesis testing calculations carried out using the t-test. Validity and reliability test results for all question items show valid and reliable results. The results of the normality test for learning outcomes are normally distributed, followed by using the Paired Samples t-Test, the results of the t-test for learning outcomes are at a sig value of 0.00 < α (0.05), so reject H0. So it can be concluded that there is an influence of the application of Powtoon learning media on student learning outcomes in class VI elementary school solar system material.

Substorm‐Time Ground dB/dt Variations Controlled by Interplanetary Shock Impact Angles: A Statistical Study

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the effects caused by interplanetary (IP) shock impact angles on the subsequent ground dB/dt variations during substorms. IP shock impact angles have been revealed as a major factor controlling the subsequent geomagnetic activity, meaning that shocks with small inclinations with the Sun‐Earth line are more likely to trigger higher geomagnetic activity resulting from nearly symmetric magnetospheric compressions. Such field variations are linked to the generation of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs), which couple to artificial conductors on the ground leading to deleterious consequences. We use a sub‐set of a shock data base with 237 events observed in the solar wind at L1 upstream of the Earth, and large arrays of ground magnetometers at stations located in North America and Greenland. The spherical elementary current system methodology is applied to the geomagnetic field data, and field‐aligned‐like currents in the ionosphere are derived. Then, such currents are inverted back to the ground and dB/dt variations are computed. Geographic maps are built with these field variations as a function of shock impact angles. The main findings of this investigation are: (a) typical dB/dt variations (5–10 nT/s) are caused by shocks with moderate inclinations; (b) the more frontal the shock impact, the more intense and the more spatially defined the ionospheric current amplitudes; and (c) nearly frontal shocks trigger more intense dB/dt variations with larger equatorward latitudinal expansions. Therefore, the findings of this work provide new insights for GIC forecasting focusing on nearly frontal shock impacts on the magnetosphere.

저학년용 AI 교육용 도서에 나타난 AI 내용 요소 분석과 비판적 고찰

In this study, we attempted to analyze the AI literacy content elements found in artificial intelligence textbooks, focusing on educational books for lower grades, and seek a direction for developing artificial intelligence educational books for lower grades through critical consideration. As a result of this study, it was found that there was some bias in the proportion of common areas of elementary school artificial intelligence education subjects shown in artificial intelligence literacy education books for lower grades. Elementary schools are places where basic artificial intelligence literacy education must be provided to school-age students entering the era of artificial intelligence. Students in lower grades must also receive appropriate artificial intelligence literacy education tailored to their grade level of development. Therefore, even if it is a somewhat difficult and unfamiliar concept or theory without bias in each area, teaching and learning materials that take into account the developmental characteristics of lower grades should be developed and actively reflected in the elementary school artificial intelligence education content system.

Window air permeability calculation methodology with regard to temperature loading

Air permeability is an important characteristic of windows, which significantly affects the energy consumption of a building and the quality of indoor climate in winter. Existing experimental studies confirm that the air permeability of windows can increase significantly when the outside temperature decreases. This phenomenon is associated with temperature deformations. Nevertheless, currently in the practice of window design the dependence of air permeability on temperature effects is not taken into account. There are methods of windows air permeability experimental determination that take into account temperature loads, but they require unique equipment and are large labor inputs. In view of this, this paper proposes a semi-empirical method for calculating the air permeability of windows with regard to temperature loads, which uses data from standard laboratory tests. This method is based on identifying the system of infiltration channels, which is formed by the window structure, with an elementary system for which the analytical solution of the infiltration equation is known. It can be used for more accurate calculations of the building's energy consumption in the cold period of time, as well as for obtaining a scientifically justified limitation of window structure deflections under the combined action of wind and temperature loads.

Catalysts of change: Advancing Equity in Hungarian Education

In 1945 a regulation was made, with the commitment to establish a universally compulsory eight-year elementary school system in Hungary. At that time, only two notable experimental schools existed. One is associated with the name of László Gáspár, exemplified by the school experiment in Szentlőrinc (1969). The second is the Linguistic-Literary-Communication Programme (1971), and -stemming from this- the Value Transmitting and Ability Development Programme developed by József Zsolnai. The objective of this research is to elucidate the pedagogical approacches of József Zsolnai and László Gáspár with a specific focus on disadvantaged situations, the principles underlying their programs and equal opportunities.

Klasterisasi Data Untuk Sistem Rekomendasi Pemilihan Sekolah Dasar Di Wilayah Surakarta Degan Metode Hierarchy Clustering

The role of parents is very important in determining the school for their children, especially at elementary school level. There are many factors that parents consider when choosing an elementary school, including school quality, distance to school, school fees, content of religious education, school performance and school facilities. The aim of this research is to develop a data clustering concept using Hierarchy Clustering method for an elementary school recommendation system in the city of Surakarta, so that it can help parents in determining the elementary school for their children. In this study, agglomerative clustering with Ward linkage was used, this is because among other linkage methods (Single linkage, ward linkage, flexible linkage and complete linkage), Ward linkage has the highest Silhouette index value, namely 0.666. Cluster optimization in this research was determined by looking at the Silhouette index graph by comparing the Silhouette cluster values 1 to 10 for each linkage method, and obtained the cluster optimization value was 4, so the number of groupings used was 4 clusters. The accuracy of the recommendation system is tested using the Mean Average Error (MAE) statistical calculation, with an MAE value of 0.2, which means the recommendation system is suitable for use.

The Role of Administrative Services in Supporting the Implementation of Efficient Governance in Elementary Schools

This research investigated the role of Administrative Services (TU) in supporting the implementation of efficient governance in Elementary Schools (SD). Using a qualitative approach, the study involved in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis to comprehend the role of TU and the impact of information technology integration in the school environment. Findings indicated that TU staff played a crucial role in administrative, financial, and daily operational management, while information technology integration contributed positively to efficiency. Challenges such as resource limitations became a focal point of discussion. The results of this research provide a foundation for the development of best practices and policies at the elementary school level. Future prospects involve a deeper understanding of information technology implementation and TU professionalism. Further studies can explore broader impacts on educational quality and contribute positively to the elementary education system in Indonesia

A location-routing problem for local supply chains

This study addresses a local Supply Chain problem by proposing the Collection and Delivery Location Open Routing Problem (CDLORP), a variant of the classical location-routing problem that considers both collection and distribution routes to decide where to locate facilities. Collection routes are responsible for picking up the required raw material from local suppliers, while distribution routes deliver the final product to local customers. This study is motivated by a public initiative that desires to seize the by-product generated by the agro-industrial local sector to produce and provide healthy and nutritional snacks to students in the public elementary school system in Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. A node-based formulation and a flow-based formulation are proposed to solve instances of the problem. The formulations are valid for the symmetric and asymmetric cases of the problem. Four families of valid inequalities from the literature are adapted for the problem and are used to implement two branch-and-cut algorithms based on the proposed formulations. Computational experiments using 42 benchmark instances of different sizes (25 to 260 vertices) are performed to assess the efficacy of the proposed formulations and algorithms. The best results are obtained by the branch-and-cut algorithm using the node-based formulation. Finally, a case study is also addressed and optimally solved with the branch-and-cut algorithm using the node-based formulation. The results obtained for the benchmark instances and the case study show that the proposed approach can solve real-life problems to develop local supply chains for new products.

Comparative Analysis of H2 and H∞ Robust Control Design Approaches for Dynamic Control Systems

This paper discusses using H2 and H∞ robust control approaches for designing control systems. These approaches are applied to elementary control system designs, and their respective implementation and pros and cons are introduced. The H∞ control synthesis mainly enforces closed-loop stability, covering some physical constraints and limitations. While noise rejection and disturbance attenuation are more naturally expressed in performance optimization, which can represent the H2 control synthesis problem. The paper also applies these two methodologies to multi-plant systems to study the stability and performance of the designed controllers. Simulation results show that the H2 controller tracks a desirable closed-loop performance, while the H∞ controller guarantees robust stability for the closed-loop system. The validation of the techniques is demonstrated through the robust and performance gamma index, where the H∞ controller achieved a robust gamma index of 0.8591, indicating good robustness and the H2 controller achieved a performance gamma index of 2.1972, indicating a desirable performance. The robust control toolbox of MATLAB is used for simulation purposes. Overall, the paper shows that selecting a suitable, robust control strategy is crucial for designing effective control systems, and the H2 and H∞ robust control approaches are viable options for achieving this goal.

도덕교육에서 『이솝우화』의 활용 방안 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore the utilization of Aesop's Fables in moral education, with a focus on the revised 2022 elementary school moral education curriculum. Methods To this end, I would like to present the individual fables of Aesop’s Fables by linking the content system of the 2022 revised elementary school moral education curriculum. In addition, it was intended to provide information and reasons for fables to be careful when using Aesop’s Fables in elementary school moral subject education. Furthermore, in order to pursue the formality of moral development in moral education, I tried to illustrate major learning questions and simple utilization measures through Aesop’s Fables. Results Aesop’s Fables were related to 202 in the “Relationship with oneself” section, 85 in the “Relationship with Others,” 46 in the “Relation with Society and Community” section, and 25 in the “Relation with Nature” section, which is the content system for the 2022 revised elementary school moral education curriculum. In detail, Aesop’s Fables could be linked to 19 content systems of questions and achievement standards. In addition, from Aesop's fables, I was able to extract 192 fables to be careful about in terms of “sincerity”, “consideration”, “justice”, “responsibility”, which are the core values of the moral education curriculum, and “sexual ethics”. And, moral questions for each fable were proposed for an approach to the formality of moral development of moral education. Finally, I was able to select ‘Wolf and Dog’ fable and present some examples of using them as a formal approach to moral development. Conclusions Aesop's Fables, which has been used as a moral story resource for a long time, can be effectively utilized as a story material for the revised 2022 elementary school moral education curriculum's content system and achievement standards and approaches to moral development forms. However, caution should be taken regarding non-moral elements, and further detailed discussions on specific utilization strategies will be necessary in the future.

Sistem Blusukan Kepala Sekolah Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru

ABSTRACT
 This study aimed to determine the school principal's Alaskan system in improving teacher performance. This study uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods. This research was conducted at elementary school principals in Lubuklinggau City. The subjects in this study were all people seen by researchers as able to provide data about the elementary school principal's Alaskan system in improving teacher performance. The research subjects included school principals, teacher boards, and staff. Data collection techniques include; observation, interview, and documentation.
 In contrast, the data analysis technique used is the data analysis method, according to Miles & Huberman, namely interactive model analysis. Data analysis took place simultaneously, which was carried out simultaneously with the data collection process with a flow of stages: data collection (data collection), data reduction (data reduction), data presentation (data display), and conclusions or verification (conclusion drawing & verifying). The study results show the Alaskan system for leaders in knowing the condition of their subordinates do not have to do blusukan every day because they remember that leaders must carry out other tasks in carrying out their duties. Blusukan can also be carried out suddenly to find out the condition of their subordinates at work, and then also, in the era of the advancement of information technology era leaders can utilize information technology tools to support the activities of carrying out blusukans such as the use of CCTV media to monitor the conditions of their subordinates at work. In conclusion, the school principal blusukan system can utilize information technology tools to support blusukan implementation activities, such as the use of CCTV media to monitor the conditions of his subordinates at work 
 Keywords: System, blusukan, principal, performance, teacher

DIGITAL EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

The goal of this research is to identify the main problems related to digital technology and skills in the elementary school education system of the Republic of Serbia, as well as opportunities for its improvement. The paper first analyzes the situation in the field of basic education, while the main part of the paper presents an analysis related to the innovative approach to the education process, with the application of information technology and comprehensive digitization. The strategy for the development of education and upbringing in Serbia until 2030 emphasizes the development of education aimed at the needs of modern society as a whole, conditioned by the progress of artificial intelligence, information and communication technology (ICT) and refers to the improvement of teaching content, standards of general cross-curricular competences, especially in cross-curricular multidisciplinary access to teaching in this field. Descriptive analysis was applied in the paper - application of usual scientific research instruments and relevant literature. The research results point to the conclusion that continuous measures are needed for more successful digital education, as well as the education of students in primary schools. 

Meritocracy and Advantaged Parents’ Perceptions of the Fairness of School Choice Policies

The widespread expansion of school choice policies has bolstered the consumer-education paradigm where parents compete for what they perceive to be a limited number of high quality schools. In this comparative case study, we examine advantaged White parents’ perceptions of meritocracy in the context of a competitive elementary and high school choice system in New York City. We find that parents’ critique the choice policies and the unfair burdens they place on low-income and immigrant families while engaging in opportunity hoarding to ensure their children’s privileged access to the most competitive schools, all while dismissing claims that school choice is meritocratic. Ultimately, advantaged parents’ suggest returning to neighborhood zoning which would preserve their access to exclusive, high performing schools and avoid the stress and inequities of school choice policies. This study offers further examples of the powerful influence of contradictory White discourse in the context of education policy and reform.

Thermodynamic Analysis of the Chromium Reduction Process Using the Cr-C-O System During Metallization of Chromium Ores

The aim of the work is to determine the optimal temperature regime for firing chromium ore and the consumption of solid carbon, which ensures the recovery of chromium. The process of chromium reduction was investigated on a model elementary system by reducing chromium from ore with solid carbon. The areas of redox conditions in the Cr-C-O system were identified, the boundaries of the reduction, transition and oxidative regions were revealed. The temperature required for the recovery process was determined by calculating the equilibrium compositions of the Cr2O3 + nC system in the temperature range 1100-1900 K at n = 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 moles.

Explore the Effectiveness of Assessment Policy Framework (APF) 2019: Students’ Learning at Elementary Level in Pakistan

The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of APF 2019 in enhancing learning outcomes for primary school students and to pinpoint the strengths and weaknesses of the elementary education system under APF 2019. The study emphasizes the significance of qualitative research in comprehending the effectiveness of pedagogical policies and practices. The research employed a qualitative methodology, which involved interviews with students. The findings of the study indicate that APF 2019 has several benefits, such as providing lucid guidelines for assessment practices, prioritizing student-centred assessment, and emphasizing formative assessment. However, the study also found limitations of APF 2019, including insufficient resources and support for effective implementation, the likelihood of assessment practices becoming standardized and homogenized, and the restricted flexibility for catering to various learning requirements. The research suggests that the successful implementation of APF 2019 necessitates adequate resources and support and the balance between standardization and flexibility while prioritizing student-centred assessment practices.

ELEMENTARY COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL SUBSTANCE

In the structure of a particular material substance a special "triad" is distinguished - an elementary object, an elementary act, and an elementary system. In the structure of social substance, the elementary object are real individuals viewed in unity with their activities and with the material conditions of their existence. The elementary social act is the self-production of real individuals. The elementary social system is the family. The latter contributes to the increase of the social substratum, which, by the law of negation of negation, relates the social quality to the chemical quality and contrasts it with the preceding biological quality that limits reproduction. Strengthening the family as an developing social institution is consistent with the goals of social progress. Abortion for non-medical reasons destroys an elementary social object and is an expression of an inferior, animal, biological essence that limits reproduction, but in no way of a higher, proper human essence aimed at increasing the social substratum.

Every Child According to Its Pace: School Maturity between Expertise, State Policies, and Parental Eigensinn in Socialist Hungary

It is widely known that socialist states such as Hungary attempted to increase social mobility through a compulsory elementary school system. While the research on socialist education is vast, the relevance of school maturity to an egalitarian education system is still understudied. By the end of the 1950s, lack of preparedness for school among children had captured the attention of Hungarian experts in medicine, psychology, and pedagogy, who were hoping to ensure that first-year students would begin their schooling under roughly the same conditions. In response, in 1965, local initiatives started experimenting with corrective (remedial) classes. The aim of these initiatives was to overcome class differences by offering targeted support and helping children who were less prepared for institutional schooling catch up and transfer into the standard school system later. During the first half of the 1970s, the Hungarian Ministry of Education adopted this pedagogical experiment on a national level. In this article, I put two distinct methodological approaches into dialogue, the sociology of expertise on the one hand and Eigensinn on the other. By doing so, I shed light on the complex interplay of state policies, concepts of expertise, and parental agency. As I show, corrective classes reflected persisting social inequalities, thus children from the lower middle classes and the Roma minority were overrepresented in these classes. Ultimately, I explore how bottom-up initiatives had unintended consequences that were often disadvantageous for the children who were in principle the intended beneficiaries. These initiatives thus worked against rather than for the quest for social equality. In the discussion below, I show how pediatricians, psychologists, pedagogues, and parents shaped the school system, working within, taking advantage of, and thus limiting efforts for social transformation despite asymmetrical power relations.