Structural Elements Research Articles

Discovery of a New Isatin Scaffold for BCR‐ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Using a Comprehensive Computational Approach

AbstractInserting Isatin (1H indole 2,3‐dione) stands out as an exceptionally captivating element in the realm of drug design and development. Hence, there has been a notable focus in numerous anticancer studies on investigating the potential of various derivatives of Isatin (1H indole 2,3‐dione), including imines, hydrazones, thiosemicarbazones, and other compounds. Therefore, to develop new compounds with anticipated high activity, a novel series of 40 Isatin derivatives have undergone 3D‐QSAR studies as potent anticancer agents against the leukemia cell line (K562). This approach has been pursued due to the significant importance placed on exploring the potential of these derivatives. Through the analysis of graphical contour maps, the generated models yielded favorable statistical outcomes and provided valuable insights into the structural elements that exert a significant influence on the activity. Furthermore, both CoMFA and CoMSIA models have shown suitable reliabilities (q2 = 0.689, 0.772, respectively) and predictive abilities (r2pred = 0.780, 0.892, respectively). As a result, the design of five new compounds (T1–T5) based on the Isatin moiety, which exhibited remarkable inhibitory activity, has successfully been accomplished. Accordingly, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of 100 ns have been utilized to examine the interaction mechanism and conformational changes of the newly designed compounds at the binding site of BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase. MD simulation revealed that both compounds T1 and T2 formed stable complexes with BCR‐ABL. Additionally, the assessment of the in‐silico pharmacokinetic parameters indicates favorable ADMET properties. These findings hold promise for the future development of potent BCR‐ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

GEOLOGICAL FEATURES AND HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF THE SOUTHEASTERN YEVLAKH-AGJABEDI DEPRESSION: A STRATIGRAPHIC AND STRUCTURAL OVERVIEW

The Southeastern part of Yevlakh-Agjabedi depression, situated within the Lesser Transcaucasian monocline, exhibits intricate geological structures and diverse sedimentary sequences crucial for hydrocarbon exploration. This study utilizes extensive geological mapping, stratigraphic profiling, and seismic exploration to delineate the basin’s structural elements and sedimentary formations. Key findings include the presence of Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous volcanogenic terrigenous and Upper Cretaceous volcanogenic carbonate rocks, which exhibit significant variations in thickness and distribution across the basin. The stratigraphic analysis reveals substantial Mesozoic sedimentary sequences that have undergone complex tectonic evolution, with notable implications for hydrocarbon potential. The Upper Cretaceous sediments, in particular, show promising conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation, with favorable paleostructural and lithostratigraphic traps identified. This comprehensive investigation enhances regional geological understanding and provides critical insights into the hydrocarbon exploration prospects within the South Caucasus region.

Diamagnetic, binary Sulfide Ba3Sc2S6 – with Infinite [ScS6/2] Chains as structural Element

Diamagnetic, binary Sulfide Ba3Sc2S6 – with Infinite [ScS6/2] Chains as structural Element

Molten Salt Assisted Assembly (MASA) of novel mesoporous Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

Mesoporous transition metal oxides (TMO) are immensely investigated as electrode materials in supercapacitors. The molten salt assisted self-assembly (MASA) process enables a facile route for the synthesis of the mesoporous TMO. In this study, mesoporous nickel manganese cobaltite (Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4) is synthesized for the first time using a MASA process and is evaluated as a novel electrode-active material for asymmetric supercapacitors. The objective of this work is to quantitatively measure the performance improvement in the Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 electrode based on its composition and reveal the improvement mechanism through electrochemical methods. The electrochemical performance of the NiCo2O4 and MnCo2O4 prepared by MASA is also investigated, in order to understand the synergistic effect of Ni and Mn elements in the same cobaltite structure. In line with the data obtained from half cells, a full asymmetric cell is prepared by assembling the appropriate amount of Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 and activated carbon through the charge balance theory. The test results show that the specific capacitance (Cs) values are 2.62F/cm2 (92.1F/g) for mesoporous NiCo2O4, 0.26F/cm2 (9.8F/g) for mesoporous MnCo2O4, and 9.53F/cm2 (338.5F/g) for mesoporous Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 under the test conditions of 5 mA/cm2. The asymmetric supercapacitor assembled with Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 and activated carbon demonstrates a superior energy density of 79.52 Wh.kg−1 at 1 mA/cm2. The findings of the study highlight the importance of substituting the electrode with Ni0.5Mn0.5Co2O4 to enhance the Cs by achieving proper surface properties and electrochemical activity.

Influence of Cataract Causing Mutations on αA-Crystallin: A Computational Approach.

The αA-crystallin protein plays a vital role in maintaining the refractive index and transparency of the eye lens. Significant clinical studies have emerged as the αA-crystallin is prone to aggregation, resulting in the formation of cataracts with varied etiologies due to mutations. This work aims to comprehend the structural and functional role of cataract-causing mutations in αA-crystallin, particularly at N-Terminal and α-Crystallin Domains, using in-silico approaches including molecular dynamics simulation. About 19 mutants of αA-crystallin along with native structure were simulated for 100 ns and the post-simulations analyses reveal pronounced dynamics of αA-crystallin due to the enhanced structure flexibility as its native compactness was lost and is witnessed mainly by the mutants R12L, R21L, R21Q, R54L, R65Q, R116C and R116H. It is observed that αA-crystallin discloses the NTD motions as the dominant one and the same was endorsed by the linear variation between Rg and the center-of-mass of αA-crystallin. Interestingly, such enhanced dynamics of αA-crystallin mutants associated with the structure flexibility is internally modulated by the dynamic exchange of secondary structure elements β-sheets and coils (R2 = 0.619) during simulation. Besides, the observed pronounced dynamics of dimer interface region (β3-L6-β4 segment) of ACD along with CTD dynamics also gains importance. Particularly, the highly dynamic mutants are also characterized by enhanced non-covalent and hydrophobic interactions which renders detrimental effects towards its stability, and favours possible protein unfolding mechanisms. Overall, this study highlights the mutation-mediated structural distortions in αA-crystallin and demands the need for further potential development of inhibitors against cataract formation.

Analysis of Changes in the Stress–Strain State and Permeability of a Terrigenous Reservoir Based on a Numerical Model of the Near-Well Zone with Casing and Perforation Channels

A finite element model, which includes reservoir rock, cement stone, casing, and perforation channels, was developed. The purpose of the study is to create a geomechanical model of the zone around the well, which includes support elements and perforation channels. This model will help predict changes in the productivity coefficient of a terrigenous reservoir and determine the most efficient mode of operation of a producing well. In order to exclude the stress concentration within the casing–cement stone and cement stone–rock, the numerical model applies contact elements. As a result, structural elements slip, while the stresses are redistributed accurately. The numerical simulation of a stress state in the near-well zone was carried out by using the developed model with differential pressure drawdown on the terrigenous reservoir, one of the oil fields in the Perm region. It is shown that the safety factor of the casing reaches roughly 3–4 units. The only exceptions are the upper and lower parts of the perforations, where this parameter is close to one unit. The safety factor of cement stone accounts for 2–3 units. However, parts with its lowest value (1.35) are also concentrated near the perforation channels. In order to analyze the change in permeability, the dependence of the safety factor on effective stresses was taken into account. Therefore, it was found that, in the upper and lower parts of perforations, the stresses decreased, while permeability rose by up to 20% of the initial value. An increase in differential pressure drawdown, on the contrary, can lead to a permeability reduction of 25%, especially in the lateral parts of the perforations. Areas of rock destruction under tensile and compressive forces were identified by using the Mohr–Coulomb criterion. It is estimated that with an increase in pressure drawdown, the areas of rock destruction under tensile force disappear, while the areas of rock destruction under compression increase. After further analysis, it was found that, with the maximum pressure drawdown of 12 MPa, the well productivity index can decrease by 15% due to the reservoir rock compaction.

Dynamic behavior of concrete filled steel tubular columns internally strengthened with I-shaped CFRP against vehicular bombs

Square concrete filled steel tubular columns internally strengthened with I-shaped carbon fiber reinforced polymer (SCFST-CFRP) demonstrate promising potential for application in building structures, particularly in high-risk buildings and critical structural elements, due to their exceptional static and impact resistance. High-risk buildings may be vulnerable to vehicular bomb attacks over their lifespan, resulting in blast loading. In this study, the blast resistance of SCFST-CFRP columns is investigated through field blast tests and numerical simulation. The plastic deformation of SCFST-CFRP members is low, and they exhibit promising blast resistance in explosion tests with a scaled distance of 0.07m/kg1/3. Subsequently, SCFST-CFRP columns with varying steel ratios were designed according to specifications to investigate their deformation and damage under typical vehicular bomb scenarios. It was found that the blast resistance of SCFST-CFRP columns is superior to that of ordinary SCFST columns, particularly when the steel ratio is smaller. Additionally, a protection distance of 3.95m (1.01H) is sufficient to ensure that the composite columns do not fail under these scenarios, highlighting favorable blast resistance for SCFST-CFRP columns. Based on the parametric analysis of 115 sets of data, a prediction formula for the critical failure distance of SCFST-CFRP columns under typical vehicular bomb scenarios is proposed. This study serves as a valuable reference for designing SCFST-CFRP columns with blast resistance.

1,3,4-Oxadiazole: An Emerging Scaffold to Inhibit the Thymidine Phosphorylase as an Anticancer Agent.

Thymidine phosphorylase (TP), also referred to as "platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor" is crucial to the pyrimidine salvage pathway. TP reversibly transforms thymidine into thymine and 2-deoxy-D-ribose-1-phosphate (dRib-1-P), which further degraded to 2-Deoxy-D-ribose (2DDR), which has both angiogenic and chemotactic activity. In several types of human cancer such as breast and colorectal malignancies, TP is abundantly expressed in response to biological disturbances like hypoxia, acidosis, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. TP overexpression is highly associated with angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukins (ILs), matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), etc., which accelerate tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis, immune response evasion, and resistant to apoptosis. Hence, TP is recognized as a key target for the development of new anticancer drugs. Heterocycles are the primary structural element of most chemotherapeutics. Even 75% of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are contributing to the pharmaceutical world. To create the bioactive molecule, medicinal chemists are concentrating on nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds such as pyrrole, pyrrolidine, pyridine, imidazole, pyrimidines, pyrazole, indole, quinoline, oxadiazole, benzimidazole, etc. The Oxadiazole motif stands out among all of them due to its enormous significance in medicinal chemistry. The main thrust area of this review is to explore the synthesis, SAR, and the significant role of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as a TP inhibitor for their chemotherapeutic effects.

Novel Benzohydrazide Derivative as a Potential Anticarcinogenic Agent for Breast Cancer: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, In Vitro and In Silico Assessments

Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are a class of organic molecules known for their significant biological activity, including anticancer properties. These compounds often interact with biological macromolecules, making them crucial in the development of new therapeutic agents. In this study, we report a new benzohydrazide derivative, (E)-4-(hexyloxy)-N'-(1-(naphthalen-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide (2), which incorporates a naphthalene ring, a typical PAC, as a core structural element. The structure of the compound was analyzed using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Moreover, single crystal X-ray crystallography studies demonstrated that the compound adapted monoclinic crystal system with C 2/c space group. In the crystal structure, the intermolecular N–H···O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into infinite chains along the b-axis direction. The dominant interactions formed in the crystal packing were found to be hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions according to the Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis. The evaluation of energy frameworks showed that stabilization of the compound was dominated by dispersion energy contribution. The anticancer activity of the compound was tested by employing several cellular assays. The compound showed strong anticancer effects, with IC50 values of 85 µM for MCF7 cells and 115 µM for MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating dose-dependent suppression of cell viability, migration, and colony formation. Computational analyses indicated favorable binding of compound 2 to ERRγ and predicted good oral availability of the generated compound. Pathway analysis using KEGG pathways identified significant enrichment in pathways related to cancer. These results highlight the compound's promise as a potential treatment option for breast cancer, prompting further exploration in future studies.

Efficient layerwise multiphysics spectral element model for delaminated composite strips with PWAS transducers

Efficient structural element-based models are essential for fast simulations of wave propagation in composite structures for model-based and physics-informed data-driven structural health monitoring. This article introduces the first efficient multiphysics time-domain spectral structural element for wave propagation analysis of beam and panel-type composite structures with piezoelectric transducers (patch or full layers) containing delaminations. A general framework is presented to model multiple delaminations and transducer patches located arbitrarily. The intact host and patch transducer-bonded laminates and sub-laminates between delaminations are modelled separately using an electromechanically coupled efficient layerwise zigzag theory (ZIGT) for kinematics and a piecewise quadratic variation for the electric potential across piezoelectric layers. The high-order spectral element (SE) features a virtual electric node to model equipotential surfaces of piezoelectric transducers apart from the usual physical nodes having mechanical and internal electric degrees of freedom. A hybrid point-least squares continuity approach is employed to maintain continuity at the intersections of delaminated sub-laminates or the patch-bonded laminate with the host laminate. The model’s performance in capturing electroelastic waves’ interaction with delamination is examined with reference to the conventional finite element (FE) solution based on the ZIGT, continuum-based FE solutions, and the SE solution based on a non-layerwise version of the laminate theory. Finally, the model is used to examine the impact of interfacial location and size of delaminations on wave propagation behaviour.

Searching for the role of membrane lipids in the mechanism of antibacterial effect of hinokitiol

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of monoterpenoid hinokitiol (β-thujaplicin) on the monolayers and bilayers composed of lipids typical for bacteria membranes and gain insight into the potential role of the lipids in antibacterial activity and selectivity of this compound. To explore this issue, the in vitro studies were performed on different bacterial strains to verify antibacterial potency of hinokitiol. Then, the experiments on E. coli and S. aureus bacteria membrane models (i.e. model multicomponent monolayers and bilayers) were done. Finally, the effect of hinokitiol on one component lipid monolayers was investigated. The lipids used in the experiments included Phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), Phosphatidylglycerols (PGs) and Cardiolipins differing in the structure of the polar head and/or the hydrophobic chains. This choice allowed the analysis of correlations between the lipid structure and the effect of hinokitiol.In vitro tests confirmed the antimicrobial activity of hinokitiol against most of the strains tested. In addition, the in vitro tests showed that E. coli bacteria were more sensitive to hinokitiol than S. aureus bacteria. Interestingly, the studies on model systems evidenced that hinokitiol molecules are of stronger effect on E.coli film and they are able to insert into these systems even at membrane-related surface pressures. Moreover, the structure of the lipid and its content in the model system correlated with the effect exerted by hinokitiol on the monolayer properties. It was found that hinokitiol differs in the affinity to particular lipids and additionally hinokitiol/lipid interactions may occur according to different mechanisms. Namely, depending on the lipid structure, hinokitiol may incorporate into the lipid film (Cardiolipins and PEs) or interact preferentially with the lipid polar head (PGs) and form hydrogen bonds. The effect of hinokitiol on the lipids was determined by the charge and size of the polar head as well as by the spatial size of the lipid molecule. Moreover, comparing the lipids of the same polar heads, hinokitiol caused stronger expansion of the film formed from the lipid having unsaturated chains. The results obtained may explain the difference in the effect of hinokitiol on particular bacterial strains. In conclusions, it can be suggested that the lipids should be considered as the bacteria membrane structural elements of a possible role in the mechanism of action of hinokitiol.

Mathematical model of the process for diagnosing defects in aircraft structure elements made of composite materials

Mathematical model of the process for diagnosing defects in aircraft structure elements made of composite materials

Combined hybrid machining of laser ablation-drilling small holes in Cf/SiC composites

Carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite material (Cf/SiC) serves as a typical advanced material for fabricating hot-end components of aircraft engines. Its unique properties, including high hardness and anisotropy, pose significant challenges in processing. Nevertheless, a crucial structural element of hot-end components, specifically the cooling and heat dissipation holes, necessitates hole machining within the Cf/SiC composites. The intricate nature of machining this material often leads to compromised surface quality and severe wear on cutting tools during the hole machining process. This study delves into the feasibility of combined hybrid machining of laser ablation-drilling(L-DCM) for fabricating small holes in woven Cf/SiC composites, along with elucidating the underlying material removal mechanisms. The findings reveal approach significantly enhances the cutting performance of hard alloys tools when dealing with ceramic matrix composites. Notably, the wear mechanisms of the cutting tools primarily involve abrasive wear and adhesive wear. The primary processing defects observed in the small holes include fiber pullout at the entrance and exit, as well as material delamination at the exit, which are primarily attributed to debonding at the layer interface and brittle fracture of the matrix. The subsequent drilling process, conducted based on laser drilling, effectively eliminates thermal defects such as the heat-affected zone and recast layer, as well as morphological defects like taper. Additionally, this approach mitigates the tool wear process, minimizes the impact of compression effects on material removal, and enhances the shear action of the tool. Consequently, the layer interface remains securely bonded and intact after processing, thereby preserving the material's strength.

Limits of Design and Technique: Lina Bo Bardi Staircases

Staircases, a part of architectural circulation and structure, can become a unique design value with the application technique that directs design and functionality. However, here, attention is drawn to the directive nature of the technique rather than its perception as a deterministic attitude in design. Bo Bardi’s architectonic approach has placed her in a distinguished position among modern architects. The effect of the architect’s staircase design and application technique on building tectonics is worth examining. Thus, this study aims to examine the staircases of Lina Bo Bardi, where design and technique are dissolved in integrity. Bo Bardi’s staircases were examined in terms of meaning, form, function, and technique, with classification for material use. In this context, unique situations were observed in the design and technical applications of reinforced concrete, wood, and metal materials used in stairs. The fact that the place, technique, and the architect’s thought guided the design turned the staircase into a symbolic value and has made the staircase the founding element of the space. This approach, which does not consider design and technique independently, creates a strong reference for today that structural elements such as stairs can be produced as symbols in space.

Evaluation and Use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) Reasoning and Classification Models to Support Clinical Trial Patient Identification and Enrollment in the Community Oncology Setting

Clinical trial research in oncology relies heavily on clinical documentation within the electronic medical record (EMR) to ascertain patient eligibility in clinical trials based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The structured data elements within the EMR serve as the primary information source for defining patient cohorts, with clinical cancer stage and performance status being two pivotal criteria determining trial eligibility. The challenge arises from the inconsistent availability of clinical stage and performance status data within the structured fields of the EMR despite their consistent presence in clinical notes. Additionally, there is a deficiency of standardization of this data that exists in the unstructured field. Hence, due to lack of structured data and standardization of said data, there are limitations in developing artificial intelligence (AI) models. To increase the comprehensiveness of clinical records, a clinical research team at a community oncology practice was consulted to identify requirements and extract essential clinical features from de-identified data. The methods outlined in this paper focused on eliminating false positives to allow future development of Large Language Models (LLM) using the outputted structured fields which resulted in an increase in patient record completeness with high accuracy. The accuracy ranged from 97.5-97.75% for the models that were developed. Out of the 60,000+ patients, the numerical staging, TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) staging, and Karnofsky performance score models added a structured field for 29.62%, 21.01%, and 40.64% patients respectively. Additionally, a semi-supervised NLP algorithm was applied on the performance status algorithm which achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.57. This work demonstrates the use case of natural language processing (NLP) in optimizing the clinical research enrollment process by providing an efficient and accurate method to detect key clinical values in unstructured patient data. Similar methodology with more advanced algorithms such as LLM can be employed to detect additional patient elements such as molecular biomarkers, imaging reports, postoperative surgical outcomes (i.e., clear margins etc.) and patient treatment outcomes using the extracted structured fields.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of autophagy-related genes (ATGs), revealing ATG8a and ATG18b participating in drought stress in Phoebe bournei

As a highly conserved intracellular degradation process in eukaryotes, autophagy plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stresses such as drought. The aim of this study was to identify the autophagy-related genes (ATGs) in Phoebe bournei, and investigate the role of PbATG8a and PbATG18b in improving drought tolerance. In this study, a total of 35 ATGs were identified in P. bournei, and the basic physical and chemical properties, phylogenetic relationship, chromosomal location, gene structure, conserved domain and cis-interacting elements in promoters of the PbATGs were analyzed. The expression patterns of PbATGs showed most PbATGs were response to PEG simulated drought treatment and ABA treatment, of which PbATG8a and PbATG18b were further selected for further research. PbATG8a and PbATG18b were transformed into yeast to improve drought tolerance, respectively. Overexpression of the number of autophagosomes. The overexpression of PbATG8a and PbATG18b in P. bournei increased the number of autophagosomes and the expression levels of other ATGs, such as PbATG5, PbATG7 and PbATG12, which may be involved in the response to drought stress. Overall, we identified the ATGs and investigated the roles of PbATG8a and PbATG18b under drought stress, which provided a research basis and reference for the study of PbATGs in P. bournei.

DISCURSIVE DYNAMICS OF ETHNOSENTENTIAL STRATEGIES IN SELECTED AFROCENTRIC HYMNODY

The distinctive nature of hymnody in Christian religious worship has made it a rich and limitless subject for scholarly examination, offering a unique form of communication that continues to fascinate and inspire academic inquiry in Africa, especially in Nigeria. Existing studies in Christian hymns have examined the contents of hymns as music forms with little or no scholarly considerations on the ethnosentential strategies employed by the hymnists. This study, therefore, intends to fill this gap with the view to identifying and discussing discursive dynamics of ethnosentential strategies in Afrocentric hymnody. This study utilizes relevant insights from Teun van Dijk’s socio-cognition model of Critical Discourse Analysis to explore the strategies in the selected hymns. The data were purposively derived from the two hymnists: Bola Ilori and Esther Laosebikan, one hymn each titled “Lord, let your blessings attend us” and The Lord is King arrayed in majesty”, was purposively selected with the discuss issues of supplication and praise/worship respectively. The analysis revealed that ethno-sentential strategies such as Africanized imagery, collectivization, language indigenization, culturocentrism, hybridization among others characterized African hymns. The findings further revealed that both hymnists use almost similar structural elements such as imperative sentences and comparative phrases, but different in tone, emphasis and imagery. This study concluded that there is an intersection of linguistic features, ethnosentential strategies and discursive dynamics in religious discourse, with focus on hymnody to uncover the complex ways in which language shapes and reflects cultural, social and theological identities.

PERBANDINGAN KINERJA STRUKTUR KOLOM BULAT DAN KOLOM PERSEGI BETON BERTULANG TERHADAP BEBAN GEMPA DENGAN ANALISIS PUSHOVER

Column is a vertical structural element that functions to absorb axial loads and transfer them to the foundation. The structure of this column consists of reinforcement and concrete which is a combination of tensile and compression resistant materials. The column carries a combination of axial loads and ultimate moments simultaneously. The column must have strength where the strength of the column must exceed the working load. The purpose of this study was to obtain differences in the performance of reinforced concrete building structures using circular and square columns due to earthquake loads. The research method used is a quantitative method with the help of SAP2000 software with nonlinear Pushover analysis. There are two models in this study, namely Model M1 is a square column model and model M2 is a circular column model. The results of the analysis show that the behavior of the structure for lateral deformation in the X direction of the square column is stiffer than the round column, while the lateral deformation in the Y direction of the circular column is stiffer than the square column. This is influenced by the inertia of the cross-section and the number of columns in each direction is different. The forces in the square column are 1% greater, the shear force is 62% smaller and the axial force is 24% greater than the circular column. The square column model with IO performance level has the ability to accept lateral loads and deformations on a larger capacity curve compared to circular columns for X and Y direction earthquakes.

O Bixiga em disputa: ambiente, cultura, memória e interesses imobiliários

Bixiga is currently experiencing a critical situation that threatens the preservation of what constitutes its most unmistakable cultural and environmental heritage, associated with the strong impact caused by the advance of real estate interests, announced by new buildings recently approved by Conpresp in its territory. Particular concern is the vulnerability to which the area known as Grota do Bixiga is being exposed, despite the existence of protective legislation agreed since the early 2000s. Concern is intensified by the fact that these developments create reckless precedents for others to be approved in the near future, thus putting an end to the possibility of preserving what remains of Grota do Bixiga. This approach allows us to look at a whole process of study, inventorying and consolidation of knowledge produced within the Historical Heritage Department, which began in the 1980s, linking architectural assets to the structuring elements of the urban fabric and to the social relationships that not only populate the memory of the place, but are kept alive in the cultural practices of the present. It also allows us to deal with the impasses between cultural heritage preservation policies and urban policies of a broader nature. It also allows us to deal with the impasses between cultural heritage preservation policies and broader urban policies. Finally, it allows us to analyze another layer of latent memory, unveiled by the discoveries linked to the excavations carried out for the construction of the Orange Line Subway Station. The recent archaeological finds have sparked an important debate about the origin of occupation of the neighborhood associated with the presence of the Quilombo Saracura, strengthening the memory of the black population, due to its representativeness and its persistence over time, as an essential element of the culture of the place, which cannot be erased or made invisible.

Numerical simulation of the stress-strain state near the injection well at deep disposal facilities for liquid radioactive waste

Relevance. The need to predict deformations of the earth's surface near injection wells pumping liquid radioactive waste, as well as their stability when pressure changes in the well during injection. Aim. To perform a numerical analysis of the stress-strain state of the structural elements of the injection well and the surrounding rock mass using the finite element method, to determine the magnitude of the deformations of the earth's surface and define the stability of the well and the strength of the cement stone at the maximum injection pressure of liquid radioactive waste. Objects. Near-wellbore zone of one of the injection wells located at the liquid radioactive waste injection site. Methods. Numerical finite element method for calculating the stress-strain state of the near-wellbore zone, taking into account the distribution of the elastic properties of rocks along the simulated section and the main structural elements of the well. Results. The authors have developed the numerical finite element scheme of one of the injection wells, taking into account its main structural elements, as well as allowing you to set the pressure distribution within the exploited horizon during the injection of waste. In the model, the distribution of the elastic properties of rocks along the section was set, taking into account their lithological features. The authors carried out the analysis of the hydrodynamic parameters of the well operation and determined the maximum pressure at the wellhead during the injection of liquid radioactive waste, equal to 1.71 MPa. Numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of the near-wellbore zone was performed in two stages: for the conditions of an idle well and taking into account the pressure distribution at the maximum waste injection pressure. The distribution of vertical displacements at the level of the earth's surface, as well as at the top of the operational horizon at the maximum pressure of liquid radioactive waste injection, is obtained. It is shown that at such a pressure, the largest uplifts will be: on the earth's surface – 4.5 cm, on the top of the production horizon – 11 cm. An assessment of the stability of the well structural elements at a maximum waste injection depth of 280 m, corresponding to the maximum pressure, showed that the stresses in the well and cement stone are much lower than the values that can lead to their violation. For cement stone, the safety factor at a maximum pressure of 1.71 MPa was equal to 7.8.