Elementary School English Research Articles

Investigating the Development of Teachers’ TPACK and the Adoption of Digital Storytelling: A Case Study of Teaching English in Elementary School

Investigating the Development of Teachers’ TPACK and the Adoption of Digital Storytelling: A Case Study of Teaching English in Elementary School

Integrated language skill approach: Model of teaching materials for elementary school teacher education programs in Indonesia

This study is aimed to develop teaching materials, which is an English module for Elementary School Teacher Education Programs in Indonesia based on the integrated language skill approach. A number of 75 respondents from the Elementary School Teacher Education Programs at three universities participated in this research, they are from Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha in Bali, Universitas Mulawarman in Samarinda, and Universitas Negeri Manado in Manado. At the Elementary School Teacher Education Programs, no book with a practical model of integrated language skill is available at these universities. In collecting and analyzing the data, this study combined the research and development (RD) model of Gall et al. (2003). The process comprised four stages to develop this module, they are (1) preliminary studies and needs analysis, (2) product design and development, (3) evaluation, field test, and product revision, (4) and product refinement and dissemination. The data was gained through three instruments from questionnaires, interviews, and formative tests to measure the mastery of English teaching materials for primary school teacher education. The result of this study demonstrated that the module is feasible and effective for English Elementary School Teacher Education Programs at the three universities.

小学校英語Can-Do 及びパフォーマンス評価実践における児童の変容

小学校英語Can-Do 及びパフォーマンス評価実践における児童の変容

Validity And Reliability of he English Summative Test For Second Semester of he Fifth Grade in Academic Year 2019/2020

The validity and reliability of the test is very important before the test is used to measure student achievement. This study aims to analyze the validity and reliability of the summative English test for fifth grade public elementary schools 058238 Bukit Rata in the academic year 2019/2020, and to investigate the quality level of the summative test of English in elementary schools. This research is a quantitative descriptive study. The subjects in this study were students of grade V public elementary school 058238 Bukit Rata in the academic year 2019/2020. The data analysis technique used is quantitative analysis by testing the validity, reliability, level of difficulty, distinguishing power, and tricking effectiveness. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANATES version 4 program and manual calculations using Microsoft Excel. The results showed that, the level of validity of the English test in grade 5 elementary school before the revision based on material aspects, construct aspects and language aspects obtained a percentage of 73% with a good category. After being revised, based on material aspects, construct aspects and language aspects obtained a percentage of 90% with a good category. The reliability test was carried out twice, namely the questions before expert validation and after expert validation. The results of the reliability test on the first question were the value of -0.084 in the unreliable category because the value was ≤ 0.700. Furthermore, the second test of English test reliability was carried out. The results of the second test reliability test, namely the KR 20 formula with the help of the Excel program obtained a value of 0.413 in the sufficient category. The level of validity and reliability of the English test in grade 5 elementary schools. Before the revision, the number of valid questions was 4 valid questions or 16% of the total questions. Furthermore, the number of questions that can be accepted is 17 questions, but 13 questions are not valid. So it is necessary to improve the overall problem. After the revision was made, the number of valid questions was 16 valid questions or 64% of the total questions. Furthermore, the number of questions that can be used is 15 questions, because one significant question has a low difference power, so the question is not used. The validity and reliability of the English test in fifth grade public elementary school 058238 Bukit Rata should be revised becausereliability is used as an indicator in believing the value of a test because it has consistency. While the test must be valid because it is used as a development and evaluation of a test. In addition, validity is also needed to determine the feasibility of items.

Vocabulary Range and Characteristics of Words Appearing in Elementary School English Textbooks in Japan

Vocabulary Range and Characteristics of Words Appearing in Elementary School English Textbooks in Japan

The analysis of reading texts about 5th and 6th grade English textbooks with 2015 Revised National Curriculum

The purpose of this study is to explore the readability of reading texts in the elementary school English Textbooks based on 2015 Revised National Curriculum for the 5th and 6th year students. This study compared the readability of the five English textbooks from each grade, and the ten English textbooks were analyzed using Coh-Metrix, a web-based language corpus analysis tool. The Coh-Metrix indices used for the current study are descriptive, lexical features, word information, syntactic complexity and readability scores. This study investigated the continuity of the English textbooks of elementary school 5th and 6th grades by analyzing the readability. The following summary concludes the research findings. First, statistically significant differences were found among English textbooks of each grade in the descriptive counts like the number of words and sentences, lexical diversity and syntactic complexity, whereas, there were no significant differences in word information and standard readability indices. Second, there were statistically significant differences in descriptive counts, syntactic complexity and readability scores between 5th and 6th grade reading texts, but no significant differences existed in lexical diversity and word information. Further important implications and suggestions regarding the elementary English textbooks were discussed.

Class design and evaluation that promotes learners' thinking, judgment, expression and ability to learn

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and the European Language Portfolio (ELP) are effective in facilitating the learning of foreign languages. Professor Emiko Izumi, Graduate School of Education, Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan, is seeking to enhance motivation for foreign language learning among children and students using language activities and a can-do evaluation scale that facilitates self-efficacy and autonomy. The plan is for the effectiveness of the evaluation scale to be quantitatively and qualitatively verified. The can-do evaluation scale was developed by a team of 14 researchers and teachers with various specialities, including Professor Naoyuki Naganuma, an expert in language learning motivation and language testing theory, and Professor Mitsue Allen-Tamai, who has extensive experience in English education as a university teacher and has also taught English to toddlers and children. The evaluation scale is designed to be user orientated and help develop a set of performance-related scales. The team has developed can-do lists primarily concerned with a language proficiency scale for use in elementary school English. The researchers want individuals to conceptualise their personal goals in order that they can be motivated and their progress can be visualised. Classroom activities and evaluation are designed to encourage children's learning, support the learning process, foster autonomy, and promotes learners' ability to think, judge, express and learn.

Specialist Teachers or Generalist Teachers?:A Survey Study on Elementary School Teachers’ Opinions About Who Should be Teaching English in Japanese Elementary Schools

Specialist Teachers or Generalist Teachers?:A Survey Study on Elementary School Teachers’ Opinions About Who Should be Teaching English in Japanese Elementary Schools

Elementary School English Education Focusing on Past Japan:

Elementary School English Education Focusing on Past Japan:

Let the Educational Concept of Happiness Root in the Elementary School English Teaching

Let the Educational Concept of Happiness Root in the Elementary School English Teaching

Pedagogical challenge and resilience of English teachers at Islamic schools in Ajatappareng area, South Sulawesi

This study aims to find out whether there is significant difference of pedagogical challenge and resilience between English elementary, junior, and senior high school teachers or not; and to find out the correlation between teachers’ pedagogical challenge and teachers’ resilience. This study is quantitative research. Two kinds of questionnaires were administered to find out data about pedagogical challenge and resilience. Sample of this study was 84 English teachers consists 11 elementary schools teachers, 52 junior high schools teachers, and 21 senior high schools teachers. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistic, t-test significance and Pearson correlation. The findings show that: (1) there is no significant difference of pedagogical challenges between elementary, junior, and senior Islamic school teachers, (2) there is no significant difference of resilience between elementary, junior, and senior Islamic school teachers, and (3) there is no correlation between teachers’ pedagogical challenges and teachers’ resilience.

Elementary School English Teachers’ Beliefs and Classroom Practice Regarding Alternative Curricula

ABSTRACT This study analyzes interviews, observations, and documents to explore eight Taiwanese elementary school English teachers’ beliefs and classroom practices regarding the alternative curriculum, the school-based curriculum of alternative learning required courses under Taiwan’s 12-Year Basic Education plan. A conceptual framework on curriculum innovation based on empirical studies is proposed and the study has the following conclusions. A lack of congruence between government intention and the delivery in classrooms in pilot schools occurs due to English teachers’ beliefs. Four major problems are raised during the design and implementation of the alternative curriculum, including teachers’ conflicting beliefs about subject matter content knowledge, curriculum knowledge, language for instruction, and assessments. Trainings and professional learning for fostering teachers’ professional identity and competence are recommended for effective designs and implementations of the alternative curriculum.

Teachers’ Questions in Elementary School English Learning: Types and Functions

Question types usually used in classroom learning are display questions and referential questions. Many teachers mostly used display questions in their classroom learning. However, studies showed that display questions limit the students’ opportunity to produce the language. Therefore, this present study aimed to analyse the contribution of teacher questions’ types in English classroom learning to classroom interaction. The participants of this qualitative study were three sixth grade English teachers from three different Islamic schools in Yogyakarta. The data were collected through classroom observation. The result shows that the teachers used both display and referential questions, and all teachers used display questions more frequently. Furthermore, the result of the analysis shows that referential questions received longer responses than display questions. It also indicated that referential questions gave the students more opportunities to practice the language. However, both display questions and referential questions are important for EFL students. The use of both question types can be adjusted based on the levels of the students, the purpose of the lesson and students’ learning strategies.

Exploring the Dimensionality of the Social Skills Improvement System Using Exploratory Graph Analysis and Bifactor-(S - 1) Modeling.

Since its development over a decade ago, the Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS) has been one of the most widely used measures of social skills in children. However, evidence of its structural validity has been scant. The current study examined the original seven-factor and more recent five-factor structure (SSIS-SEL) of the self-report SSIS in a sample of English elementary school students (N = 3,331) aged 8 to 10 years (M = 8.66, SD = 0.59). A problematic fit was found for both structures with poor discriminant validity. Using exploratory graph analysis and bifactor-(S − 1) modeling, we found support for a four-factor structure, the variation of which was captured by a general factor defined by “empathy and prosocial skills.” Future researchers, particularly those interested in using specific domains of the SSIS, are urged to assess its structure in their studies, if their findings are to be theoretically meaningful.

THE STUDENTS' LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT AFTER AND WITHOUT STUDYING ENGLISH IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

The Critical Period Hypothesis by Lenneberg (1976) states that ages 2 to 12 are ideal ages for achieving foreign language skills such as a native speaker. Based on this hypothesis, the perfect time for children to learn English as a foreign language is in elementary school. Meanwhile, Indonesian government policy through the 2013 curriculum does not require children in primary schools to learn English. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the English learning achievement of students between those who studied and those who did not study English in elementary school. This research is important to be conducted since it can be a reference for the Indonesian government in developing English language teaching and learning policy in elementary schools. The sample of this research consisted of two groups selected through a purposive sampling technique. They were the groupS of students who studied and who did not study English in elementary school. Data were grouped, presented, and then compared. The results showed that students who studied English in elementary school had better English learning achievement than students who did not study English in elementary school. It is recommended for further related researches to consider many factors those can be influencing the students' English learning achievements such as the English teaching and learning method used by the educators in high school and university, attitudinal factor, and the learning environment.

2015 개정 초등 6학년과 중등 1학년 간 영어 교과서 의사소통 기능의 연계성 분석

This study analyses the communicative functions of listening scripts extracted from the 2015 elementary school English 6 and middle school English 1 textbooks in terms of continuity. Auditory data corpora were drawn from all five elementary school English textbooks and five most widely used middle school English textbooks. Each sentence of listening scripts was manually tagged based on the classification of communication functions presented in the 2015 Revised National Curriculum. The corpora were analyzed using 14 syntactic complexity measures with the L2 Syntactic Complexity Analyzer (Lu, 2010). The findings of this study show that the continuity between the elementary school English 6 and the middle school English 1 textbooks is relatively well-organized. However, concerning the sequence, the elementary school English 6 was found to be more complex than the middle school English 1 in terms of syntactic complexity. It is suggested that future textbook development should correct the reversed complexity in listening scripts found in this study.

An Analysis of Communicative Functions in the Elementary School English Textbooks Based on 2015 Revised National Curriculum

An Analysis of Communicative Functions in the Elementary School English Textbooks Based on 2015 Revised National Curriculum

Prestasi Belajar Bahasa Inggris Mahasiswa yang Belajar dan yang Tidak Bahasa Inggris di Sekolah Dasar

This study is based on the Cryptical Period Hypothesis by Lenneberg (1976) which states that ages 2 to 12 are ideal for achieving language skills like native speakers of a foreign language. Based on this hypothesis, the most appropriate time for Indonesian children to learn English as a foreign language is in elementary school. However, government policy through the 2013 curriculum no longer requires children in elementary school to learn English. Therefore, this study aims to compare the learning achievement of students between those who study and those who do not learn English in primary schools. This research is very important to be carried out for consideration by the government in determining policies related to learning English in elementary schools. This research is a comparative descriptive study. The sample consisted of two groups that were selected through purposive sampling technique, namely those who studied and did not learn English in primary schools and did not attend previous English courses. Data are grouped, as a percentage, and then compared. The results showed that students who studied English in primary schools had better English learning achievement than students who did not learn English in primary schools.

Teacher Professional Development Program in Indonesian Public Elementary Schools: Developing a Mini Course in Basic EYL (English for Young Learner) Teaching Skill

The teaching of English in Elementary Schools in Indonesia have been conducted for decades, but based on literature review and preliminary study, most of the teachers teaching English in Public Elementary Schools, both in the regular local content subject or English extracurricular activities have inadequate English and English teaching skills. In-service training was proposed due to the teachers’ time availability. The training activities will be conducted after school hours and taken place in their schools. The development of the training employs a research and development research method comprising the preliminary study, class observations, interview, the development of materials, instructional media and evaluation that will be validated by the experts. After the expert validation stage, the products which have been revised based on the experts’ suggestions are then applied in the field validation. The last stage is the revision of the products based on field validation. This product is projected to be an example of a teacher professional development program for teachers teaching English in Elementary School.

AN ENGLISH TEACHER’S PERCEPTION ON THE REMOVAL OF THE ENGLISH SUBJECT AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

The removal of English in elementary schools in the 2013 Curriculum has surprised education practitioners in Indonesia, whereas English is an international language that needs to be taught to all students throughout Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to analyze an English teacher’s perception on the removal of the English subject at elementary school in Cipatat. This research used a qualitative case study approach that focuses on individual experience through an interview. The results of this research explained that the removal of English made students not enthusiastic in learning English, which especially impacted on their lack of knowledge of vocabulary at the next level. Therefore, teachers must give more motivation to students despite their teaching load, and they must be more optimal and creative in teaching with limited time every week. On the other hand, as students in Indonesia tend to lack interest in reading, the removal of English at this level gives them an advantage, which is to make students increase their literacy and love their national language more.