Grade Elementary School Children Research Articles

코로나19 상황의 지속과 초등학교 저학년 자녀 어머니의 교육지원 경험

The purpose of this study was to explore educational support experiences of mothers raising low grade elementary school children during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. More specifically, this study took a closer look at the mothers􍾨 difficulties while they were supporting their children􍾨s school adjustment, their own coping strategies and expectations from related educational fields. For this, 7 mothers having first or second grade children participated in the in-depth interviews and transcribed interview data were analyzed based on a phenomenological method. The results were categorized with three themes. First of all, when COVID-19 pandemic broke out, mothers experienced difficulties including support for online class participation, lack of child care support system, adjustment of unstable school attendance, friend relationships and stress from unsafe daily routines. Next, under the continuing COVID-19 situation, coping strategies for the mothers􍾨 educational supports were adjusting the changing school attendance patterns, improved online class participation, and quitting jobs for care-giving their children, More realistic coping method adopted by the mothers was emphasizing rules and practices of disease prevention. Finally, mothers have expectations for teachers more communication with each family and role of helper developing each child􍾨s voluntary study habits. They also have expectations for school open even during the pandemic period maintaining class size small and for the government and related public sectors preparing systemic schooling and after school cares which can operate well even during the risky pandemic situation. Based on such results, this study discussed several implications in the educational fields.

Attitude Development of Elementary School Students with the Character Education-based Discovery Learning Model

Nowdays technological developments have had a major influence on the lives of Indonesian Muslim children. The change in attitude is going in an unexpected direction. Children tend to be negative in everyday life. The number of children who have the courage to show disrespect is increasing. In fact, violence against peers is increasingly emerging among elementary school age children. Therefore this study aims to analyze the role and influence of the character education-based discovery learning model on the development of attitudes of Indonesian Muslim children who are in elementary school. The research objective can be achieved by conducting experimental research with a two-way ANOVA test. The population of this research is fourth grade elementary school children. The research sample was taken by random sampling. The instruments used in this study were validation sheets, observation sheets, interviews, assessment sheets, student response questionnaires, and evaluation sheets among others. The research findings show that the character education-based discovery learning model has an effect on scientific thinking and the development of responsible and caring attitudes for Indonesian Muslim children. The role of the character education-based discovery learning model on the development of the attitudes of Indonesian Muslim children, namely the character education-based discovery learning model can build an attitude of responsibility and care in the learning process.

PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN AKSI (ANIMASI KISAH SURI TELADAN NABI) UNTUK MENUMBUHKAN NILAI MORAL SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR

Almost all schools have held online learning since the Covid-19 pandemic. The lack of interaction between teachers and students during learning activities is exacerbated by distance learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of AKSI learning media in growing the moral values of fourth grade elementary school students. The D&D (Design and Development) model is used in this study. Fourth grade elementary school teachers and students were used to test the product. The majority of students gave a “good” evaluation product, according to the results. Thus, fourth grade elementary school children can use the AKSI learning media to instill moral values, and teachers who have difficulty delivering teaching materials can use it to improve the delivery of information on teaching materials.

The new back-to-school basics: COVID-19 hygiene education for elementary students.

Context: In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic- with undulating statistics of new cases and deaths and with schools set to reopen in the fall of 2020 after a long hiatus- the objective was to address the needs and methods of preparing children for a safe return to school. Objective: To educate 1st - 5th grade elementary school children about proper health and safety precautions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design and Setting: Three monthly virtual sessions via zoom were implemented with focuses on hygiene, physical activity, and healthy coping mechanisms during a pandemic. The hygiene lecture included interactive demonstrations on handwashing, coughing/sneezing precautions, and appropriate mask-wearing behavior. During the coping mechanisms session, children were asked to use art or free text to answer the question "How has COVID-19 changed my feelings?" The physical activity session discussed safe ways for children to stay active during the pandemic. Both quantitative (pre and post-knowledge assessment quizzes) and qualitative (free text, drawings) data were collected through electronic surveys. Quizzes were designed for the appropriate grade level and used a combination of multiple choice, free text, checkboxes, and pictures to address common themes. Population studied and Intervention: School-aged children (1st-5th grade) at the Raindrop Foundation of San Antonio participated in educational sessions about maintaining proper COVID-19 hygiene. Outcome Measures and Results: Final results show six 1st - 2nd graders and nine 3rd - 5th graders consistently participated in the project. The children involved could identify proper mask-wearing etiquette, safe coughing habits, and when and how to wash their hands. Emotions reported were both positive (ex. happy) and negative (ex. Sad, bored). Reported activities were indoor electronic games and work. Children reported missing friends and going to parks. Conclusions: These educational sessions were organized to teach children safe practices for their return to school, develop coping skills, and also help them adapt to physical activity while maintaining social distancing. Participant 1st - 5th graders answered most questions correctly and displayed the basics of COVID-19 safety knowledge. The children surveyed are experiencing mixed emotions during the pandemic due to feelings of social isolation.

ANALISIS NILAI MORAL DALAM CERPEN ANAK PETUALANGAN BANYU KE NEGERI JAUH KARYA SRI HANDAYANINGSIH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KARAKTER SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

The study focused on learning the moral values contained in the children's storybook "the adventure of banyu to a distant land" by sri handayaningaiah as one of the textbooks that could improve the character of the reader. The goals that will be reached in this study to analyze and describe the moral values that serve as a message ora commission that can serve as a lesson to the reader delivered by the writer. The objective of this short story was that of school-age children in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade elementary school children, this booklet also trains character education in children. The type of research used is qualitative descriptive research. The result of material analysis is that conclusions use words instead of Numbers and data collection techniques through the narrative structural data analysis found in the story. The moral value of the story is that of positive morals conveyed by negative incidents or events experienced by the figure banyu as water. If associated with elementary student character, then moral value in the story provides the message of doctrine in preserving the environment.

Diferencias entre el rendimiento en tareas de conciencia fonológica y conciencia prosódica acentual en escolares con trastorno del desarrollo del lenguaje

Background and objectiveProsodic stress awareness is a metalinguistic ability that develops in parallel to other abilities such as phonological awareness (PhA). The objectives of this article are: to determine prosodic stress awareness the of children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) in second and fourth grade elementary school children, Prosodic stress awareness and PhA are related to each other and, to determine if those eventual relations are presented equally in individuals of second and fourth grade of primary education. Materials and method131 children participated in the study, 76 in the 2nd grade of primary school (PS) (26 DLD and 50 without DLD) and 55 children in the 4th grade of PS (22 DLD and 33 without DLD). Two prosodic stress awareness tests were used: lexical accent test and metric accent test, and 2tests of PhA. Results and conclusionsThe results show that children with DLD present difficulties in prosodic stress awareness regardless of grade. In addition, the relationship between prosodic stress awareness and CF is corroborated.

Characteristics of arm swing movements during sprinting in upper grade elementary school children, focusing on gender and ability differences

Characteristics of arm swing movements during sprinting in upper grade elementary school children, focusing on gender and ability differences

Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination among Children in Satellite Cities of a Metropolitan Area in Tokyo, Japan during the 2014/2015-2018/2019 Season.

Influenza vaccination is recommended for children. In particular, those aged 6 months to 12 years were recommended two vaccinations in Japan, whereas the recommended year range for the twice vaccination is 6 months to 8 years by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study assessed the effectiveness of influenza vaccination and whether the twice vaccinations enhanced preventive effects against influenza infection among children living in two satellite cities of a metropolitan area in Tokyo, Japan. During the influenza season of 2014-2018, parents of all preschool, elementary school, and junior high school children participated in an annual survey. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated via multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate influenza vaccination effectiveness and trends in the number of vaccinations. Among the 108,362 children who received the research questionnaire, 76,753 (70.8%) responded. After excluding responses without basic information, 64,586 children were included in the analysis. Vaccination was more effective in preschool and lower grade elementary school children given the increase in the number of vaccinations (test for trend: P < 0.001). The AOR of influenza for pre, grade 1 elementary, and grade 2 schoolchildren who received two vaccinations was 0.63 (95% CI, 0.59-0.69), 0.75 (0.67-0.83), and 0.81 (0.71-0.92), respectively, when compared to those without vaccination. However, no trend in vaccinations and their effectiveness was observed in the third and higher-grade school children. Our findings support the recommendation by the WHO, and could help guide influenza vaccination policies for children in Japan.

Monounsaturated Fat Intake Was Associated with Lower Abdominal Obesity but Poor Dietary Quality Remains in Elementary School Children from Northwest Mexico

ABSTRACT Overweight and obesity in Mexican elementary school children increased ten percentage points in the last 30 years; one of the factors attributed is inadequate dietary quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of monounsaturated fat intake with abdominal obesity and nutrient intake and obesity and overweight with dietary quality of elementary school children from Northwest Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 218 first grade elementary school children. A socioeconomic survey and two nonconsecutive 24-HR were applied, and anthropometric measurements were taken. Dietary quality was evaluated and classified as: healthy, medium and poor. Children consumed fewer servings of fruits, vegetables, legumes, dairy products and water than recommended by the Mexican food guidelines. A negative association was found among monounsaturated fat intake and abdominal obesity (p = .032). Only 1.4% of the children presented healthy dietary quality, 44.5% showed a medium dietary quality, and 54.1% had poor dietary quality. Poor dietary quality was associated with a lower intake of fiber (p = .002), protein (p = .002), potassium (p = .001) and vitamin E (p = .002). Elementary school children from Northwest Mexico have inadequate dietary quality that compromises their nutritional and health status, while monounsaturated fat intake could be a protective factor for abdominal obesity.

The Developmental Change of Print‐Tuned N170 in Highly Transparent Writing Systems1

AbstractRapid and implicit letter‐to‐sound conversion is a remarkable ability that develops during school years, which is reflected in the left lateralization of the print‐tuned N170 event‐related potential. Previous studies have shown that elementary school children learning alphabetic scripts elicit bilateral N170, which reflects their underdeveloped phonological conversion processing. However, children learning Japanese hiragana, which has better letter–sound correspondence compared with alphabetic scripts, may acquire the automatic phonological conversion in the early stages of learning to read. To test this notion, we investigated the developmental change of the print‐tuned N170 by comparing 4th–6th grade elementary school children with college students. Participants were required to detect infrequent blue stimuli among a series of black‐colored hiragana words, nonwords, and foreign letter strings. College students showed typical left‐lateralized N170. In contrast, children elicited bilateral N170 for print stimuli, indicating that the implicit phonological conversion was still not established. The finding suggests that the automatization of letter‐to‐sound conversion requires a relatively long learning period even in orthographically transparent scripts.

(Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Motorik Dengan Modifikasi Permainan Tradisional Untuk Meningkatkan Motorik Kasar Anak Sekolah Dasar Kelas Bawah)

This study aims to produce a motor learning model with modifications of traditional games for lower grade elementary school children. The stages of this research method are educational research and development (R &amp; D) which adapts development research according to Borg &amp; Gall (Kurdi &amp; Sukadiyanto, 2014), namely: (1) potential and problems; (2) information collection; (3 ) product design (model draft); (4) expert validation and revision; (5) small-scale field trials and revisions; (6) large-scale field trials and revisions; (7) final product manufacture, revision of small-scale trials on 27 lower grade students namely grade II, and grade III at SDN 2 Gerung; (8) large-scale product trial on 40 grade II and third grade students at SD Negeri 1 Gerung; (9) product revision and, (10) benefits and implementation of the development of learning models.The instruments are: (1) interviews; (2) score scales; (3) teacher observations; (4) observation of the effectiveness of the model, and (5) student questionnaires. Data analysis techniques are descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results This research is in the form of a motor learning model with modifications a traditional game for lower grade elementary school children which contains five games, namely: (1) Gobak Sodor, (2) Jemprak/Engklek, (3) Grave Jumping, (4) Cat and Mouse, (5) Zig-Zag Sack Race, compiled in the form of a manual. From the results of data analysis on the assessment of material experts and student questionnaires, it can be concluded that the motor learning model with modified traditional games for lower grade elementary school children has a positive and effective response. This is evidenced by the percentage of each qualitative data requested is above 75% on a large scale, so that it can be used in physical education learning in elementary schools.

(Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Motorik Dengan Modifikasi Permainan Tradisional Untuk Meningkatkan Motorik Kasar Anak Sekolah Dasar Kelas Bawah)

This study aims to produce a motor learning model with modifications of traditional games for lower grade elementary school children. The stages of this research method are educational research and development (R &amp; D) which adapts development research according to Borg &amp; Gall (Kurdi &amp; Sukadiyanto, 2014), namely: (1) potential and problems; (2) information collection; (3 ) product design (model draft); (4) expert validation and revision; (5) small-scale field trials and revisions; (6) large-scale field trials and revisions; (7) final product manufacture, revision of small-scale trials on 27 lower grade students namely grade II, and grade III at SDN 2 Gerung; (8) large-scale product trial on 40 grade II and third grade students at SD Negeri 1 Gerung; (9) product revision and, (10) benefits and implementation of the development of learning models.The instruments are: (1) interviews; (2) score scales; (3) teacher observations; (4) observation of the effectiveness of the model, and (5) student questionnaires. Data analysis techniques are descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results This research is in the form of a motor learning model with modifications a traditional game for lower grade elementary school children which contains five games, namely: (1) Gobak Sodor, (2) Jemprak/Engklek, (3) Grave Jumping, (4) Cat and Mouse, (5) Zig-Zag Sack Race, compiled in the form of a manual. From the results of data analysis on the assessment of material experts and student questionnaires, it can be concluded that the motor learning model with modified traditional games for lower grade elementary school children has a positive and effective response. This is evidenced by the percentage of each qualitative data requested is above 75% on a large scale, so that it can be used in physical education learning in elementary schools.

The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy on Children’s Self-Esteem

(1) Background: Self-esteem plays an important role in developing emotional resilience and wellbeing in children. Yet, there has been little related research on Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy on this topic. Our aims were to assess the effect of the Child Self-Esteem CBT (CSE-CBT) protocol on children’s self-esteem in grades five and six; to assess the effect of the CSE-CBT protocol on the therapeutic process; and to explore the feasibility of delivering the CSE-CBT protocol in a school setting. (2) Methods: Eighty elementary school children in grades five and six, divided into four intervention and four control groups, attended 12 structured sessions using the CSE-CBT protocol, led by specially trained teachers. The children completed questionnaires to assess their self-esteem at the beginning and at the end of the study, and answered weekly questionnaires that assessed therapeutic process. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze the data. (3) Results: The CSE-CBT protocol had a significant effect on improving children’s self-esteem over the course of the study, regardless of the children’s working alliance with the teacher leading the group. (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest that the CSE-CBT protocol has the potential to benefit children’s self-esteem and indicate that school teachers can be trained to administer the CBT-protocol.

Parenting Patterns of Working Parents at Home and Working Parents Outside the Home in Formation of Children's Character During the Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to determine the parenting pattern of working parents at home and working parents outside the home in the formation of children's character during the Covid-19 pandemic and to determine the effect of parenting patterns of working parents at home and working parents outside the home in character building. children during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative research. The subjects of this study were the parents of 5th grade elementary school children. The object of this research is parenting style. The method used in collecting data is observation and interviews. The results of the study indicate that there are differences in parenting patterns that cause differences in the character of children. From the results of the study, it is known that many parents educate their children with their different parenting patterns which causes the formation of character in children is also different. In educating, guiding children, appropriate parenting patterns are needed so that the formation of children's character can be in accordance with what parents want.

Pengaruh Pendampingan Keluarga Terhadap Kecemasan Belajar Anak pada Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Selama Pandemi Covid-19

Learning anxiety is an excessive feeling of being afraid of threats or felt during distance learning. In overcoming children's anxiety, one of the assistance efforts made is family support. Family support is an act of assisting to meet the needs and problem solving of children in order to support the optimization of children's development. In this study, researchers used quantitative descriptive as an approach. The research method used is an analytic survey while the type of research is cross sectional. In analyzing the data, researchers used univariate as a measuring tool and the Chi-Square test as bivariate. The population of elementary school children in grades 4-6 is 60 respondents and the sample is 60 respondents. The results of the bivariate test showed that there was a significant relationship between the independent variables, that the p value was 0.044 (p &lt; 0.05), which means that there is an influence between family support and children's learning anxiety. In this study, the study analyzed that the Chi-Square test had 2 (two) most influential variables, namely family support and children's learning anxiety. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between family support and children's learning anxiety. From this research, it is expected that children will learn with others so that children do not experience anxiety.

The Influence of Poverty Perceived by Parents on Depression of Fourth Grade Elementary School Children

The Influence of Poverty Perceived by Parents on Depression of Fourth Grade Elementary School Children

The influence of mothers&amp;apos; health beliefs and attitudes on prevention of infectious diseases on preventive health behaviors of late school-aged children

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in preventive health behaviors of school-age children according to their mothers' health beliefs and attitudes toward the prevention of infectious diseases. Methods: This study was conducted with 121 pairs of 4th to 6th grade elementary school children and their mothers from October 13 to October 30, 2020. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, an independent t-test, a one-way ANOVA, Sheffé’s test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis and a multiple linear regression.Result: The mean and SD of mother's health belief in preventing infectious diseases was 3.58±0.41, the mean and SD of mother's attitude toward preventing infectious diseases was 3.39±0.38, and the mean and SD of late school-age children's preventive health behavior was 3.52±0.37. The multiple linear regression results show that the children's vaccination behavior was influenced by their mothers’ perceived benefits in preventing infectious diseases. In addition, the child's vitamin C and vegetable consumption was influenced by the mother's perceived susceptibility in preventing infectious diseases, and the child's mask-wearing behavior was influenced by the mother's perceived seriousness in preventing infectious diseases. Conclusion: In order to improve the health behavior of school-aged children, programs or education are required to enhance the health beliefs and attitudes of their mothers, who were shown to affect the preventive health behavior of their children.

The Relationship of Stunting Events with Intelligence Level in Elementary School Children at Air Beliti Health Center

Stunting is a failure of growth and development experienced by children for a long time which can indicate a disturbance in the organs of the body, where one of the organs that is most rapidly damaged in nutritional disorders is the brain. Stunting is still a health problem in the world, especially in developing countries. The magnitude of the problem is due to the high prevalence of stunting, above the world standard of 20%. The incidence of stunting is caused by lack of nutritional intake during pregnancy and during growth. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between the incidence of stunting and the level of intelligence in elementary school children. This study used a cross-sectional design. The research population was elementary school children in grades 4, 5 and 6 of 5 elementary schools in the working area of the Air Beliti Health Center, as many as 156 children using a simple random sampling technique. The sample in this study was 85 with random sampling technique. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate using chi square test, and multivariate using linear regression test. The results obtained from the level of intellectual intelligence above the average of 67.1%, and children who did not experience stunting were 72.9%, the results of the hypothesis test showed a significant relationship between the incidence of stunting (p = 0.011) and the level of intelligence in elementary school children. The results of the study indicate that there is a relationship between the incidence of stunting and the level of intelligence of elementary school children. The results of the study indicate that there is a relationship between the incidence of stunting and the level of intelligence of elementary school children, parents pay more attention to nutritional intake in accordance with the needs of elementary school children because stunting events can affect the growth and level of intelligence in children, health center health workers in order to create innovations in stunting prevention, especially in elementary school age children by involving the school through UKS activities ( School health).

Association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms in children: The mediating role of self-esteem

BackgroundBullying victimization is becoming an increasing problem among children. This longitudinal study examined the relation of bullying victimization (both traditional and cyberbullying victimization) to subsequent depressive symptoms and the possible mediating role of self-esteem among children. MethodsA total of 4043 Chinese elementary school children in Grades 3 and 4 comprised the sample. Assessments were conducted every six months on five occasions. Latent growth curve modeling was applied to examine the longitudinal relations among the variables. ResultsResults showed that (a) bullying victimization was positively and significantly associated with subsequent depressive symptoms; (b) self-esteem played an important mediating role in the relation between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms. LimitationsThe study only considered self-esteem as a mediator. The generalizability of the results should be made cautiously. ConclusionsThe results highlight the relation between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms among children, suggesting that intervention programs target bullying victimization and self-esteem to reduce the likelihood of depressive symptoms among children.

The digit triplet test as a self-test for hearing screening at the age of school-entry

Objective The current study aimed to investigate the feasibility of the digit triplet test (DTT) as a self-test in normal-hearing children at school-entry age (5–6 years) compared to an administrator-controlled test. Design and study sample Thirty-seven first grade elementary school children took part in this study. Next to a pure-tone screening, the test battery consisted of a DTT speech-in-noise screening (self-test and administrator-controlled assessment), and cognitive tests related to auditory/working memory and attention skills. Results The reference-SRT ± 2SD, obtained with the administrator-controlled DTT, was −9.8 ± 1.6 dB SNR, and could be estimated with a precision of 0.7 dB. The test duration for one ear was about 4.5 min. Self-tests resulted in higher (poorer) SRTs. Only a small proportion of children performed stably across repeated self-test administrations. With about 6 min for one ear, the test duration was rather long. The influence of auditory/working memory and attentional abilities appeared to be limited. Conclusion Our data suggest that a self-administered DTT is not suitable for a large proportion of children at school-entry.