Elementary Level Research Articles

Exploring Elementary School English Teachers' Voices in Gaining Students' Attention in Learning

Student attention plays a pivotal role in learning. It becomes the gateway to learning engagement, behavioral management, and academic achievement. This research investigates several methods elementary school teachers use in Indonesia to capture and maintain students' attention during English language instruction. This study examines the methods and challenges faced in the interaction process, which is crucial for successful learning. The research utilizes a qualitative descriptive study design, including in-depth interviews with three experienced English teachers. The findings indicate that teachers use many interactive and sensory-stimulating methods, including games, total physical response activities, songs, gestures, and visual aids, to attract and hold students' attention. These methods are essential for sustaining involvement and accommodating learning preferences and cultural contexts. However, teachers need more resources, training needs, and a diverse array of students' interests and learning styles, all of which might hinder the execution of these methods. This research emphasizes the need to provide teachers with customized training and resources to use attention-grabbing methods successfully. This study adds to the broader conversation on educational methods in linguistically and culturally diverse settings, indicating that improving teacher support and resources is crucial for promoting successful English language instruction at the elementary school level.

EXPLORING STAFFING PATTERNS AND MULTILINGUAL CLASSROOMS IN TEACHING JAPANESE AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Multilingual classrooms are becoming more common worldwide due to increasing mobility. Teaching foreign languages using the mother tongue in multilingual classrooms has become problematic; some of the significant concerns in Japanese language acquisition – such as the high contextuality of the language, vocabulary and kanji learning – make the direct teaching method confusing for many students, especially at the beginner and elementary levels. This article provides the preliminary results of a study carried out as a component of a more extensive empirical research project on instructional languages in classrooms teaching Japanese as a foreign language. It aims to gather, analyse and synthesise data from a survey conducted at a supranational level. The results of the first two sections of a questionnaire containing closed and open-ended questions were used for a quantitative analysis of the profile of Japanese language instructors with a focus on finding possible connections. The wide geographic distribution of the respondents (274 teachers from fifty-seven countries and regions) made it possible to collect data from a more representative sample and draw meaningful conclusions about the spread of multilingual classrooms that would be impossible in smaller-scale research. The study’s primary results show the proportion of multilingual classrooms among countries in different regions and across different educational stages, the distribution of Japanese language instructors in various educational stages depending on the highest level of formal education attained, and the proportion of part-time instructors working in different academic institutions.

Integrasi Nilai-Nilai Karakter Dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga, Dan Kesehatan (PJOK) Di Jenjang Sekolah Dasar

Character education is a fundamental element in the educational process, especially at the elementary school level where students are at the critical stage of forming values ​​and principles. At this age, students are experiencing rapid physical, mental, emotional and social development. Therefore, character education is very important to help students build strong moral and social foundations. In the context of Physical Education, Sports and Health (PJOK) subjects, the integration of character values ​​not only enriches the curriculum but also strengthens students' moral and social foundations. PJOK's diverse and dynamic activities, such as games, sports and other physical activities, provide an ideal platform for instilling important values ​​such as honesty, discipline, cooperation, responsibility and sportsmanship. Through a systematic and reflective approach, this research identifies effective methods for integrating these values ​​into daily PJOK activities. This includes developing a curriculum designed to promote positive social interactions, increased self-awareness, and appreciation for diversity and inclusion. For example, in team games, students can learn about cooperation, communication, and mutual respect. In individual activities, students can develop self-discipline, responsibility, and sportsmanship. Additionally, teachers can facilitate reflective discussions after activities to help students understand and internalize the values ​​they have put into practice. By systematically integrating character education in PJOK subjects, this research aims to help students not only develop physical abilities, but also build strong character, which will be the foundation for their future development. And thus, PJOK learning does not only focus on physical development but also on strengthening character, which ultimately forms students who are holistically healthy - both physically and socially-emotionally. This research provides new insights into the potential of PJOK learning as a tool for character education, offers concrete strategies for educators to implement these values ​​effectively, and highlights the importance of integrated character education in the elementary school curriculum.

Роботите в обучението – образователна STEAM игра

The article explores the possibilities of using robots in STEAM-based education at the elementary school level. An original STEAM game based on the use of the Mind Designer robot is described. The characteristics, capabilities, and operating modes of the robot are discussed, as well as the description and rules of the game. Examples of possible questions for different academic disciplines are provided. Methodological recommendations are made for conducting educational activities with the created game. The opinions of students and teachers are presented after testing the game. The author's game is designed for 4th-grade students but can be adapted for all grades of secondary education and vocational schools.

Implementation of the Tangerang Cerdas Policy by the Tangerang City Government

In Tangerang City, the number of children out of school at the elementary school level is 19,067 people, this is one of the reasons for the launch of Tangerang Cerdas to provide scholarship assistance in the form of cash to meet the costs of school needs so that the number of children out of school continues to decrease every year. This research aims to describe the implementation of the Tangerang Cerdas Policy. The research method used is a qualitative description using observational study data analysis and in-depth interviews. The results of the research that has been carried out show that the implementers have implemented Tangerang Cerdas but it has not been optimal, in 2020-2021 in each semester more than 6,000 children have received Tangerang Cerdas assistance at the elementary school level in all areas in Tangerang City. However, there are still many who have not received assistance because there are budget limitations and there are also process stages and terms and conditions that apply to receive Tangerang Cerdas assistance. The important role of staff at schools or schools in collecting data and submitting it to the Tangerang Smart Center is one of the keys to success, so there needs to be a budget for staff who look for data at each school to be more motivated in their work.

Innovation in Qur'an and Hadith Learning at the Elementary Level Using the Mimicry-Memorization Method

The development of education in Indonesia is required to be able to produce a good education system and must be implemented, especially in religious learning. However, there are still religious subjects whose scores are still classified as below average such as Al-Qur'an Hadith lessons in MI Al-Hidayah Malang, the average KKM limit is> 75 or with a percentage of 75% complete. With this problem, researchers want students whose scores increase with the application of the Mimicry Memorization Method. The purpose of this study is to increase student activeness in learning Al-Qur'an Hadith and improve student learning outcomes in Al-Qur'an Hadith class 6B at MI Al-Hidayah Malang in the 2023-2024 academic year. This type of research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK) by following the Kemmis and Mc Taggart model. Classroom Action Research is carried out with 2 Cycles, which include Planning, Implementation, Observation, and Reflection. The application of the Mimicry Memorization learning method can increase student learning activeness in learning Al-Qur'an Hadith, namely in the first cycle the results of student activeness reached 60.65%, then increased in the second cycle, namely 82.87%. 2). This has actually reached the percentage of completeness, but the researcher wants to strengthen his findings again by continuing the action in the second cycle with even more increased learning outcomes of 91.60%. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the Mimicry M technique can be used to improve learning outcomes.

L1 use in pre-task planning by child EFL learners

An important issue in studies on pre-task planning (PTP) is the language used by the participants, but only recently have researchers paid attention to this topic, with no study focusing on children. This study investigated whether the use of L1 or the L2 in PTP would have a different impact on children’s use of the third-person singular morpheme -s. Eighteen 11–12 year-old EFL children with elementary proficiency level worked on a dictogloss task in pairs. They were divided into an L1 PTP group, an L2 PTP group and a control group. The findings revealed that participants did focus their attention on the form of the L2 during the dictogloss stage but very little attention was paid to the target structure -s. However, the L1 PTP pairs produced more turns focused on L2 form and more LREs than the L2 PTP pairs during the PTP stage, which indicates that L1 use allowed these children to discuss problematic formal issues of the L2.

Penerapan Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi dalam Memenuhi Gaya Belajar Siswa Peserta Didik di Sekolah Dasar

The differentiation approach in learning styles has become a significant subject of attention in the educational context, especially at the elementary school level. This research aims to explore the implementation and impact of differentiated learning on content, processes and learning products in elementary schools based on student learning styles. Based on a review of literature and related research, it was found that content differentiation allows teachers to present open-ended material tailored to students' needs and level of understanding. Meanwhile, process differentiation helps in adopting diverse teaching strategies that suit each student's learning style. Additionally, product differentiation provides students with opportunities to express understanding through different types of assignments or projects, allowing for creative development of talents and interests. The research results show that the approach to learning styles has a positive impact in creating a learning environment that supports and improves overall learning outcomes. Therefore, differentiated learning in elementary schools is becoming increasingly important in supporting the successful learning of each student.

Stimulus Minat Belajar Matematika Menggunakan Media Pembelajaran Audio Visual di Tingkat Sekolah Dasar

This article describes the skills of students in learning mathematics by using media and audio in madrasah/primary schools in Ibtidaiyah. This study aims to determine the use of these communication tools on students' interest in learning mathematics. This research is qualitative research using the SLR (Systematic Literature Review) method. Data sources are 10 journal articles indexed by Google Scholar. Data analysis was carried out with the stages of data collection, data reduction, verification, and conclusion drawing. This research was conducted in elementary schools to see the use of audio and digital media in learning mathematics. The results of this study show that audio and video media can increase students' interest in learning mathematics. Students learn math through these two methods compared to traditional teaching methods. The use of audio and digital media can increase students' participation in the learning process. In addition, students can better understand difficult and complex mathematical concepts because of the access provided by both media. The results provide important implications for curriculum development at the Primary level and recommend the inclusion of audio and digital media in mathematics education. This research makes an important contribution to improving the quality of mathematics teaching and students' interest in the course. This research is also expected to provide a reference for developing new interactive teaching methods at the elementary school level.

Fostering Global Success Empowering Young Learners in Online Education

This qualitative descriptive study explores the independent characteristics of second-grade students at Betro Elementary School (SDN Betro) within the context of online learning. Through interviews, observations, and documentation, the study investigates the self-reliance of students, the dynamics of parent-student interaction, and the daily habits cultivated by students in response to online education. Findings reveal a notable level of self-reliance among students, manifested in their ability to complete tasks autonomously and adhere to schedules. Positive communication and collaboration between parents and students are observed, fostering a conducive learning environment. The study underscores the importance of nurturing self-reliance in elementary students for successful online learning and provides valuable insights for educators and policymakers aiming to optimize remote education at the elementary level. Highlight: Student Autonomy: Second graders excel independently in navigating online learning environments. Parental Support: Positive parental engagement enhances children's online learning experience. Educational Impact: Fostering self-reliance in elementary students optimizes online education strategies. Keywoard: Elementary Education, Self-Reliance, Online Learning, Parent-Student Interaction, Qualitative Research

Preservation of Tolaki Mekongga Language Through Merdeka Curriculum-Based Local Subject Teaching Modules

To expedite the implementation of the "Merdeka Curriculum," the government of North Kolaka District has established a policy regarding the subject of local language to show the identity of the Tolaki Mekongga community. However, this policy has not yet been realized in the form of teaching modules, particularly at the elementary school level. This research aims to create a teaching module based on the "Merdeka Curriculum" that accommodates the learning of the Tolaki Mekongga language at the elementary school level in North Kolaka District, Province of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study employs a developmental research approach using the ASSURE model. This study's trial subjects (users) are teachers and students from SDN 3 Lambai, SDN 5 Kodeoha, and SDN 8 Kodeoha in North Kolaka District. Data were collected through expert validation and user trial questionnaires (teachers and students). The data of the research were processed and analyzed descriptively. The validation test results scored 83%, meeting the validity and suitability criteria. The user trial results (teachers and students) gained a score of 85%, meeting the practicality criteria. Therefore, the module resulting from this research is considered appropriate and practical for use in teaching the local subject of the Tolaki Mekongga language at the elementary school level in North Kolaka District.

Plot, Characters, and Representation: Patterns and Gaps in Award-Winning LGBTQ Children’s Books

ABSTRACT Children’s books representing LGBTQ identities are a vital part of elementary school classrooms and libraries, as well as family resources, and more of these diverse books have been published over recent years. While existing research on these books catalogs how many of them represent traditionally marginalized groups, our research examines the diversity of narratives within these books. In this study, we used narrative critical content analysis to examine 51 books from three award lists: the Lambda Literary Awards, the Rainbow Booklist, and the Stonewall Book Awards for Children’s and Young Adult Literature. These books are age-appropriate for read-alouds for all elementary grade levels based on their text complexity and storylines. We categorized books with identity-based conflicts and conflicts not based on identity. Overall, we found that books rely heavily on LGBTQ identities as the main source of conflict, using repeated plotlines of coming out, resisting bullying, love stories, and LGBTQ rights. In most cases, these repeated plotlines limit representation of LGBTQ people’s complex, multifaceted lives. We discuss the implications of these repeated plotlines, and we provide a list of recommended books that represent LGBTQ characters with more multifaceted lives and provide more unique stories.

Explores Javanese Culture-Based Character Education Kraton Kasunanan Surakarta

The Indonesian people greatly emphasize Javanese culture and its role in preserving the environment. To support student growth, this study recommends prioritizing culture-based educational practices that align with national values, particularly at the elementary level. At SDN Kasatriyan Surakarta, the application of Javanese culture is integrated into teaching, intracurricular and extracurricular activities, and overall school culture. This approach enables students to develop character education values like simplicity (gumregah), hard work, cooperation (gotong royong), independence (ning rat ning set rules), and environmental concern (sahatmaka). Qualitative research drawing on interviews and observations underscores the value of Javanese culture-based education at the elementary level. The research shows that implementing such a program at Kraton Kasunanan Surakarta positively impacts student character development. The active involvement of educators is key to successful program implementation, as demonstrated by students' high level of engagement in learning activities and their success in various competitions.

Virtual experiment on platonic solids for teaching space-time quantization

The work presents the virtual experiment on Platonic solids in a complementary way, where its importance is crucially used for the treatment of the teaching of the quantization of space-time via loop quantum gravity. The research was part of one of the studies carried out with 23 students in the 3rd year of high school in São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The project is part of several introduced subjects on modern and contemporary physics, as well as frontier research topics. The student starts to have a student-researcher posture and based on Ausubel and Bruner's learning theories, they develop significant learning and receive new information and concepts at the elementary level, conditioning them to a critical and reflective posture. We use the experiment in which students interactively learn three-dimensional shapes, calculate surface area and volume and discover mathematical properties of shapes, necessary knowledge that covers the discussion of the theory. Subsequently, they carried out the skills test and we collected data from the students' operations to present the scenario of innovation and reflection on the possibility of introducing research topics in physics, but with appropriate language for the audience of interest according to Bruner's learning theory.

Global Challenges in Elementary Qur’an Memorization

Memorizing the Qur’an is a significant religious achievement, especially during elementary school years. However, students at SD Muhammadiyah 1 Sedati face difficulties in this regard. This study explores these challenges, focusing on factors like age, academic workload, and family support. Through qualitative methods including interviews and questionnaires, it was found that these factors significantly affect students' cognitive abilities and comprehension of the Al-Quran text. The study aims to provide insights for educators, parents, and policymakers to improve Qur’an learning at the elementary level, thus enhancing students' religious achievements and overall development. Highlight: Age, workload, family impact memorization. Understanding challenges crucial for improvement. Insights enhance religious achievements and development. Keywords: Qur’an memorization, elementary school, challenges, religious education, Muhammadiyah 1 Sedati.

Implementasi Strategi Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Dalam Pembelajaran Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Education at the elementary school level is an important foundation for students on their educational journey to the next stage. The quality of the educational process in middle and high schools depends on how learning in elementary schools is designed by teachers. Therefore, it is very important for teachers to apply learning methods that suit the characteristics of students and are able to improve students' critical and innovative thinking abilities, as well as help students in solving the problems they face. Ideal learning does not only transfer knowledge, but also foster critical thinking, innovative and problem solving skills. Thus, students are ready to face various challenges in the future. The problem based learning (PBL) learning strategy or what is known as problem based learning can help students think more critically in understanding learning. Students will be grouped and asked to analyze a problem in depth, then conclude. This will create students' critical thinking skills that are in line with the abilities of elementary school level students

IMPLEMENTASI TEKNIK BERMAIN PADA PROGRAM KAMPUS MENGAJAR ANGKATAN 6 DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN LITERASI DAN NUMERASI SISWA SD NEGERI 3 MAYONGLOR

Education in Indonesia, especially at the elementary level, still faces big challenges, especially in terms of literacy and numeracy. This difficulty is more pronounced in remote areas, such as what happened at SD Negeri 3 MayongLor, Jepara. Therefore, the Ministry of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud) launched the Class 6 Teaching Campus Program to improve the literacy and numeracy skills of students in these schools. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of implementing playing techniques, with a focus on improving students' literacy and numeracy skills and knowing the advantages and disadvantages of playing techniques in the Class 6 Teaching Campus program at SD Negeri 3 MayongLor. The research method used was quantitative and qualitative, involving 30 students as research subjects. Data was collected through observations, questionnaires, tests and documentation during the three months of program implementation. The results of the questionnaire show that 60% of students strongly agree that learning literacy and numeracy is fun, 66% of students strongly agree and agree that they are motivated to learn literacy and numeracy through playing techniques, 53% of students strongly agree and agree that they can master literacy and numeracy effectively and 51% Students strongly agree that they can master literacy and numeracy through digital-based play techniques. It can be concluded that there is effectiveness in improving literacy and numeracy learning outcomes through techniques in the Class 6 Teaching Campus Program at SD Negeri 3 MayongLor.

Quantitative analysis of optical emission spectroscopy for plasma process monitoring

In the field of plasma materials processing, various plasma parameters should be evaluated quantitatively and precisely to control the plasma process adequately, particularly with non-invasive methods, one of which is optical emission spectroscopy (OES) measurement. It has sufficient scientific feasibility to derive the electron density N e, electron temperature T e, and the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) even for various processing plasmas in a state of non-equilibrium. In this review, previous studies are reviewed to measure the N e, T e, and EEDF values of argon plasma with low-electron temperature (T e ≃ 1–10 eV) under not only low-pressure conditions but also atmospheric-pressure discharge using the OES measurement. First, to diagnose low-pressure discharge argon plasmas, we explain the basics and applications of the “collisional radiative model”, which models the population kinetics of the excited states in plasma at the elementary process level in non-equilibrium plasma. Methods for analyzing the plasma parameters are shown from the actual measurement results of emission spectra, including machine learning analysis of the excited-state populations. Next, the research results of the method to measure N e, T e, and EEDF are introduced for the measurement of atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasmas using OES measurement of continuum emission, which also includes methods based on machine learning and data-scientific methods for the analysis of the OES data observed as bremsstrahlung of free electrons scattered against neutral molecules.

The Severity of Periodontitis in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Community-Based Study

Abstract Objective Indonesia is one of the top five countries with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). There were 18 million DM patients in 2020, and this number has doubled in has doubled in 2022. The main complication of DM in the oral cavity is periodontitis. Periodontitis and DM have a bidirectional relationship. Controlling the severity of both diseases can improve the quality of life of DM patients. The aim of this study is to determine the severity of periodontitis in older people with type 2 DM. Material and Methods This research is observational with a cross-sectional design. The research subjects were 263 patients aged ≥ 60 years, taken using a purposive sampling technique. The diagnosis and severity of periodontitis were based on the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), using the clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing depth (PD) clinical parameters. The diagnosis of DM was established by measuring HbA1c. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the distribution of severity of periodontitis. Results In total, 42 people (16%) in this study did not experience periodontitis, and 221 people (84%) experienced periodontitis with 4.5% of the study population suffering from mild periodontitis, 21.3% moderate periodontitis, and 74.2% severe periodontitis. The results of this study indicated that severe periodontitis was the most common category in patients with type 2 DM. Severe periodontitis is the most common type of periodontitis at all levels of age, occupation, and education. It was found most commonly among those aged 60 to 65 years, housewives, and those with elementary education level with moderate or poor oral hygiene. Conclusion Almost all respondents who suffered from type 2 DM experienced periodontitis, severe periodontitis being most common category at all age levels, occupations, education, and oral hygiene status. The severity of periodontitis in this study tended to be due to high HbA1c levels.

Concise Review on Scientific Approaches to Burns and Scars.

Burns are large open surgical lesions bathed in virulent pus that result in rupturing of the cutaneous membrane, which has serious consequences such as an extensive loss of proteins, and body fluids, increased chances of infections, and sometimes death. These can be classified based on their penetration levels, i.e., first-degree burns penetrating the epidermis, second-degree burns including both epidermis and dermis, third-degree burns to both layers including the hair follicular cells, sweat glands and various core tissues, fourth-degree burns to adipose tissue, fifth stage burns to muscles, and sixth stage burns to bones. Wound healing/wound repair is a very perplexing process in which the tissues of the affected/burnt area repairs themselves to attain their original form and functionality but develop a scar at the wound site. This article mainly focuses on the algorithms to differentiate various degrees of burns, general first aid approaches to burns and scars, the rationale of treatment of burns, basic mechanisms highlighting the healing processes in humans in terms of free from scar formation as well as with scar formation at their elementary levels including cellular as well as biochemical levels, utility, and progression of pre-clinical data to humans and finally approaches for the improvement of scar formation in man.