Textual Elements Research Articles

A Comparative Analysis of StackGAN and AttnGAN in Text-to-Image Generation

Abstract. This research looks at text-to-image generation as a whole, comparing two popular modelsStacked Generative Adversarial Networks (StackGAN) and Attentional Generative Adversarial Networks (AttnGAN)and their respective strengths and weaknesses. Text-to-image generation has seen significant advancements with the introduction of GAN-based models, and this paper aims to explore how these models perform in terms of image quality, realism, and alignment with textual descriptions. Using the Caltech-UCSD Birds (CUB)-200-2011 dataset, which consists of bird images, extensive experiments were conducted to evaluate and compare the capabilities of the two models. The results indicate that AttnGAN outperforms StackGAN across multiple metrics, particularly in the accuracy of detail alignment and overall image realism. AttnGAN's multi-level attention mechanism allows it to pay attention to specific textual elements when generating related sections of the image, resulting in more aesthetically pleasing and semantically consistent outputs. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in improving both the diversity and quality of generated images. This work offers substantial insights into the capabilities and constraints of existing models, providing guidance for future research with the aim of improving text-to-image generation.

Enhancing systematic review efficiency in hand surgery using artificial intelligence (natural language processing) for abstract screening.

The aim of the present study was to train a natural language processing model to recognize key text elements from research abstracts related to hand surgery, enhancing the efficiency of systematic review screening. A sample of 1600 abstracts from a systematic review of distal radial fracture treatment outcomes was annotated to train the natural language processing model. To assess time-saving potential, 200 abstracts were processed by the trained models in two experiments, where reviewers accessed natural language processing predictions to include or exclude articles. The natural language processing model achieved an overall accuracy of 0.91 in recognizing key text elements, excelling in identifying study interventions. Use of the natural language processing reduced mean screening time by 31% without compromising accuracy. Precision varied, improving in the second experiment, indicating context-dependent performance. These findings suggest that natural language processing models can streamline abstract screening in systematic reviews by effectively identifying original research and extracting relevant text elements.Level of evidence: IV.

Simulation methods realized by virtual reality modeling language for 3D animation considering fuzzy model recognition

The creation of 3D animation increasingly prioritizes the enhancement of character effects, narrative depth, and audience engagement to address the growing demands for visual stimulation, cultural enrichment, and interactive experiences. The advancement of virtual reality (VR) animation is anticipated to require sustained collaboration among researchers, animation experts, and hardware developers over an extended period to achieve full maturity. This article explores the use of Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) in generating 3D stereoscopic forms and environments, applying texture mapping, optimizing lighting effects, and establishing interactive user responses, thereby enriching the 3D animation experience. VRML’s functionality is further expanded through the integration of script programs in languages such as Java, JavaScript, and VRML Script via the Script node. The implementation of fuzzy model recognition within 3D animation simulations enhances the identification of textual, musical, and linguistic elements, resulting in improved frame rates. This study also analyzes the real-time correlation between the number of polygons and frame rates in a virtual museum animation scene. The findings demonstrate that the frame rate of the 3D animation within this virtual setting consistently exceeds 40 frames per second, thereby ensuring robust real-time performance, preserving the quality of 3D models, and optimizing rendering speed and visual effects without affecting the system’s responsiveness to additional functions.

Laki niin kuin se luetaan – säädöskielen käytettävyyttä tutkimassa

The article looks at how readers understand legal text, which characteristics cause difficulties, and which facilitate understanding. The method used is protocol analysis. It examines a subject’s reading process, highlighting the features that affect reading and understanding. Subjects read test texts while verbalizing their reading experience, and their thinking aloud is recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Subjects include lawyers, officials, and laypeople, and test materials contain extracts from the Finnish Inheritance Code, the Income Tax Act, and the Working Time Act. The results show the impact of different textual elements on comprehension and usability.

Warm for fun, cool for work: the effect of color temperature on users’ attitudes and behaviors toward hedonic vs. utilitarian mobile apps

PurposeIn the competitive app store environment, understanding how various app store elements influence user preferences is crucial. While prior research has primarily focused on textual and numeric elements of app stores, the role of visual elements remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by investigating how color temperature (warm vs. cool) in app screenshots can influence users’ intentions to download hedonic vs. utilitarian mobile apps.Design/methodology/approachMultiple online experiments were conducted, including two main experiments (N = 192) and two supplementary experiments (N = 157). The experiments manipulated the color temperature of screenshots for hedonic (e.g. gaming) and utilitarian (e.g. banking) apps and measured participants’ perceptions of color appropriateness, attitudinal responses, and download intentions.FindingsWarm colors were perceived as more appropriate for hedonic apps, while cool colors were perceived as more suitable for utilitarian apps. The congruence between color temperature and app value orientation significantly influenced users’ ad attitudes and app download intentions. Specifically, hedonic apps in warm colors and utilitarian apps in cool colors received more favorable responses, with perceived color appropriateness mediating this effect.Originality/valueThis research enhances the understanding of the impact of color on app users’ perceptions and behaviors and also offers valuable insights for app developers and marketers on effectively using color as a visual marketing tool in app store environments.

Impact of Instagram visual content on eWOM for Sharia hotels in Indonesia

The primary aim of this research is to investigate the effects of Advertisement Presentation of Contents (APC) and Advertisement Visual Types (AVT) on the eWOM of Sharia hotels. A quantitative approach was utilized, analyzing 202 Instagram posts from five Indonesian Sharia hotels between June and November 2023. The methodology involved the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis using Smart PLS software. The results revealed that visual content types, such as photos, videos, and reels, significantly enhance consumer attraction, with a path coefficient of 0.372 and a p-value of 0.000, indicating a strong positive influence. In contrast, hashtags and links showed no significant effect, with a path coefficient of -0.838 and a p-value of 0.000. The R-squared adjusted value of 0.208 indicates that the independent variables explain 20% of the variance in the dependent variable. The AVT’s influence on eWOM is at a high level (f-squared = 0.042). These findings suggest that Sharia hotels should prioritize creating high-quality visual content to enhance their social media marketing strategies. The study concludes that effective visual content on Instagram can enhance eWOM and improve consumer perceptions of Sharia hotels, enabling them to compete with conventional hotels. These findings provide valuable insights for Sharia hotel marketers to optimize their social media strategies, emphasizing the importance of visual content over textual elements like hashtags and links.

Személynevek és földrajzi nevek A Pál utcai fiúk fordításaiban

This paper presents decisions taken by translators concerning names in the novel A Pál utcai fiúk [‘The Paul Street Boys’]. It examines the extent to which the target language texts retain or domesticate the Hungarian names and explores the implications of these strategies. The central question is, what translation decisions are given preference in the rendition of a Hungarian work when translated into the language of a central culture? This analysis forms part of a broader research project in which the translation choices under investigation concern textual elements (e.g., sociopragmatic elements, realia and onomastic elements) that bear the spatial and temporal imprint of a particular period and culture.

Typographic tools for semantic exploration in Aravind Adiga's “The white tiger”

This study aims to explore the typographic strategies employed by Aravind Adiga in his novel The White Tiger, focusing on how visual elements contribute to the narrative’s thematic depth and infer deeper meaning. Through detailed discourse analysis, the research investigates the use of typography, including bold text, italics, capitalization, superscript, and other extra-linguistic elements as tools for emphasizing key moments, conveying character emotions, and highlighting deeply entrenched social, political and bureaucratic injustices. The method involves a close reading of the novel and a semiotic analysis of the typographic variations to interpret their symbolic significance. The results reveal that Adiga’s typographic choices are not merely aesthetic but serve as a powerful narrative device that enhances the reader’s engagement and understanding of the novel’s underlying messages, fostering a profound understanding of the protagonist's journey from darkness to light. Conclusively, Adiga’s innovative use of typography in The White Tiger adds a layer of artistic insight that enriches the novel’s exploration of corruption, social inequality, and the complexities of human ambition. The analysis underscores typography as a vehicle for deeper literary expression, offering new insights into Adiga's narrative technique where language and style converge to convey powerful, emotive meanings.

Using Illustrated Children’s Book to Strength Fracted / Cracks Identity of (the Israeli) Children

Illustrations in children's books serve as powerful aesthetic devices to address complex emotions and ideologies, particularly in war-torn regions. These visual narratives act as catalysts for moral, value-based, and political discussions, offering a wordless medium that invites diverse interpretations based on the observer's perspective. This approach creates an open dialogue where there are no absolute right or wrong answers. Children's literature, through its illustrations, becomes a significant agent of socialization. These books impart cultural values, ideological concepts, and political behavior patterns, functioning as tools for establishing culturally responsive pedagogy. The images discussed, while originating from Israeli children's books predating the 2023 conflict, possess a timeless and universal quality that transcends their immediate context. Illustrations in children's books can either complement or diverge from the accompanying text, offering varying degrees of precision or poetic license. They carry cultural connotations that encompass symbols, traditions, beliefs, behaviors, and values unique to a particular society, conveying information beyond the apparent narrative. The inherent power of illustration lies in its ability to communicate directly with young children, often without the need for adult mediation. In preschool literature, illustrations serve multiple functions: they parallel written words, demonstrate abstract concepts, provide concrete representations of characters and settings, emphasize or contradict textual elements, and expand the narrative through visual elements not present in the text. Moreover, illustrations possess a psychological-therapeutic function, contributing to indirect treatment techniques. Like all visual representations, they embody simplified messages and shape recognition, conveyed formally and tangibly, with each element having both conscious and unconscious effects on the Therapeutic visual qualities in illustrated books aim to capture emotional nuances, intensify expressions of feeling, and convey concepts that may be challenging to express verbally. This is achieved through original solutions such as symbolism and creative visual metaphors. In conclusion, illustrations in children's books, particularly those addressing complex themes like war and fear, offer a unique and powerful medium for fostering understanding, encouraging dialogue, and providing emotional support. Their ability to transcend linguistic and cultural barriers makes them invaluable tools in shaping young minds and addressing challenging societal issues.

Mitigating product placement effects induced by repeated exposure: Testing the effects of existing textual disclosures in children’s movies on disclosure awareness

Abstract In certain cases, children can react strongly in favor of product placements inserted in movies. Scholars therefore argue that existing disclosures might be one strategy in protecting children from any negative effects. However, disclosure research indicates that viewers should both notice disclosures and, in cases of textual cues, read them. We conducted an experiment with 139 children (Mage = 8.46; SD = 1.12; girls = 53.2 %) and tested the influence of textual disclosure format on disclosure awareness as well as brand-related effects. When comparing with no disclosure, results showed that exposure to an existing textual disclosure positively affects disclosure awareness while exposure to an expanded version of it (i.e., by using more textual elements) did not. Further analyses revealed that prior movie exposure positively affected brand evaluation. However, disclosure awareness reversed this effect. We conclude that children appear to be socialized with the existing textual disclosure and that disclosure awareness might be of importance in shielding children against persuasive influence.

Privilege and prejudice in private online English teaching: Discourses in school-owned recruitment websites

Abstract Numerous studies have analyzed various aspects of English language teaching to uncover discriminatory employment practices within the field. However, there is a gap in the research regarding the discourses present in school-managed teacher recruitment websites (TRWs), particularly in the field of private online language education (POLE). This study aims to address this gap by investigating how the preferred online English teacher is characterized and what benefits they are promised when visiting these webpages. Using critical discourse analysis, the author analyzed the textual elements of 32 TRWs of online English schools operating in six major markets in Asia. The findings reveal that although a few schools show signs of relatively fair policies and emphasize professional qualifications, most of them appear to exploit native-speakerism through their application requirements and compensation policies that often favor only some groups. The implications emphasize the benefits of creating equitable employment opportunities and professionalizing POLE by leveraging the qualifications and experience of teachers from diverse backgrounds, while ensuring fair compensation. Finally, this study provides practical strategies for present and prospective online teachers on how to take advantage of the opportunities of digital language work while contributing to the attainment of equity in the industry.

A method for studying the effect of diegetic vs. non-diegetic rating interfaces on the assessment of virtual acoustic environments

Auditory perception experiments conducted in VR come along with a high degree of ecological validity while maintaining a controlled laboratory setting. However, since the participant's vision is occupied during simulation, conventional evaluation instruments like rating scales need to be relocated to the virtual environment to allow for immediate stimulus rating. This can be achieved either by the use of diegetic interfaces, which are implied to be a part of the simulation (e.g., a screen held by the participant's avatar) or non-diegetic interfaces, which do not claim to originate from the simulated reality (e.g., sliders and text elements laid on top of the participant's view). It is unknown whether the choice of interface does affect the participant's perception of the virtual environment - including its acoustic components. To address this shortcoming, a methodological study is presented. Participants are exposed to a virtual scenario simulating an urban green area with nearby ambience sound sources. In this setting, they are provided with diegetic and non-diegetic rating interfaces to assess the acoustic environment. Subsequently, perceived presence and involvement in the virtual environment are surveyed as well. This way, the study provides useful guidelines for future VR experiments assessing soundscape-related aspects of perception.

Digital Narratives: The Evolution of Storytelling Techniques in the Age of Social Media

This article discusses the evolution of storytelling techniques in the era of social media through the approach of digital storytelling. Digital storytelling is a method of conveying narratives that combines elements of images, text, audio, and video to create a more engaging storytelling experience. This research indicates that digital storytelling can enhance the literacy skills of the younger generation in Indonesia, which faces challenges related to low reading interest. With advancements in information technology and widespread internet access, digital platforms such as vlogs and podcasts can be utilized to introduce stories to young audiences. The research methodology employed is a literature review, gathering data from various relevant sources. The findings suggest that digital storytelling is effective in increasing literacy interest among the younger generation and has the potential to serve as an innovative educational tool. This article aims to provide a deeper understanding of the evolution of digital storytelling within the context of contemporary social media.

Subject Analysis, Content Analysis and Domain Analysis

From the perspective of the constant increase in data and information, consider in Library and Information Science that the correct analysis and representation of the contents of documents analyzed in specific domains is essential for the retrieval, organization, and dissemination of information. Subject Analysis categorizes topics and details, making it easier to retrieve relevant information. Domain Analysis studies specific characteristics of a field of knowledge, comprising terminologies and concepts. Content Analysis identifies and analyzes textual elements, deepening the understanding of documentary content. This study explores these analyses' approaches, techniques, and methodologies, highlighting their often confused interrelationships, differences, and similarities. To achieve the proposed objective to support the conceptual and theoretical-methodological discussion on subject analysis, content analysis, and domain analysis, focusing on their interrelations, differences, and similarities that are often confused in their concepts and methodologies, the research developed an exploratory and descriptive approach, a bibliographic survey was carried out in the BRAPCI database, using the terms "domain analysis", "content analysis" and "content analysis", recovering 134 documents. Results are efficiently defined and applied to each analysis. These analyses guarantee efficient information retrieval, which is vital to growing data volume.

The "Sernur text" in the lyrics by Zoya Dudina

This work is carried out within the framework of the current direction of modern philological science related to the study of local supertext (local text) in the national literatures of Russia. The subject of the research in the article is the "Sernur text" in the lyrics of the modern Mari poet Zoya Dudina, considered by us on the material of her poems included in the collection "Kuanyshym, kuemndal..." (Rejoiced, hugging a birch...) (2012). In this aspect, the lyrical works of this author are studied for the first time in the Mari literary science. The article identifies, describes and analyzes the main components of the "Sernur text" (images, motifs, artistic details, author's assessments and the ideological and conceptual component of individual lyrical texts and the collection as a whole), their place in the artistic structure of Zoya Dudina's lyrics. The methodology of the research consists of a historical-genetic and structural-semantic analysis of the author's lyrical texts, which allows us to identify and describe the structural and semantic levels of the "Sernur text", textual elements of the local subtext, revealing the author's concept of the world and man, the character of the lyrical heroine. The most important textual elements of the "Sernur text" in Zoya Dudina's lyrics are toponyms and anthroponyms and related spatial and character images – reconstructing/ transforming their primary etymological or real meanings, expressing one or another author's axiology. The main meaning of the "Sernur text" is summarized in the very title of the book (rural space, the land of ancestors, the Mari world), which carries the idea of the lyrical heroine's "merged" life with the Mari world and the world of nature. The structural and semantic levels of the "Sernur text" and textual elements of the local subtext (images and motifs, artistic details, documentary realities, framework components, etc.) reveal the author's concept of the world and man, imbued with respect for folk mythological culture and ancestral memory, their reflection in modernity, as well as the character of the lyrical heroine Zoya Dudina, marked by a genuine and grateful love for his native land.

Graphic Novels in the School Library: Bridging the Gap Between Reluctant Readers and Literature

This article examines the role of graphic novels in school libraries as an effective tool to engage reluctant readers and foster a love for literature. Reluctant readers, who often struggle with or avoid traditional texts, are drawn to the combination of visual and textual elements that graphic novels offer. These accessible narratives appeal to their interests, making graphic novels a valuable resource in promoting literacy and developing reading habits, particularly in middle and high school students. The study underscores the significance of graphic novels in enhancing reading motivation, comprehension, and critical thinking skills. By bridging the gap between visual storytelling and traditional literature, graphic novels serve as a gateway to more complex works, encouraging readers to explore a wider range of texts. School librarians play a crucial role in curating and promoting these resources, ensuring that graphic novels are effectively integrated into reading programs. Recommendations include incorporating graphic novels into school library collections and reading curricula, addressing any biases against their use, and advocating for the inclusion of diverse titles to support a broad spectrum of reader interests. This approach can create a more dynamic and inclusive reading culture, empowering reluctant readers to engage more confidently with literature.

The Representation of Peace Values in Indonesian Primary School Textbooks: Marrying of Ecovisual Judgment Theory with Environmental Literacy

This qualitative research, employing content analysis, aims to achieve two objectives: (1) to examine self-values, which encompass the categories of literacy and environmental assessment, and (2) to explore social peace values, which include the categories of content and environmental literacy assessment. The research data consist of images accompanied by textual elements sourced from Indonesian language textbooks used in grades 5 and 6 of primary schools. These textbooks are published by the Center for Curriculum, Research, and Book Development, which operates directly under the Ministry of Education and Culture, Republic of Indonesia in support of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings of the research reveal that (1) the values of oneself include acceptance of conditions, wisdom, adherence to rules, patience, consistency, cleanliness, hard work, creativity, enthusiasm, and hard work. Meanwhile, (2) the values of social peace consist of cooperation, care for the environment and other living beings, togetherness, and respect for others' rights. These two categories are spread across texts of types environmental behavior, knowledge, affect, and cognitive, which are included in the categories of social esteem and sanction. Overall, the findings of this research indicate that the discursive practices within the textbooks aim to shape individuals who are independent and cooperative, with an emphasis on inclusivity, appreciation of diversity, and mutual intercultural respect in fostering environmental peace. The analytical framework developed in this study represents a novel contribution to environmental discourse analysis and can be utilized by future researchers, both locally and globally, to study textbooks. Future research could focus on a lexico-grammatical analysis of engagement and graduation elements, with the aim of deepening understanding and enhancing the delivery of sustainability solutions.

Spatial Sign Rhetoric in Gulf Poetry at the Turn of the Third Millennium

The presence of spatial signs in the Arabic poem is not limited to being a ‘subject’ that the poet writes about, but goes beyond that to being a ‘technique’ with which the poet writes, and between writing ‘about’ and writing ‘with’ the poem moves and the Arab poet is creative in forming his poetic world, and the aesthetic world of the poem, the poet does not write a newspaper reportage about the place, but he employs a spatial sign, and the sign in turn works to broadcast its intellectual and aesthetic energy, the sign with its linguistic status is a linguistic element that is included in the fabric of the poem and not just an element external to it, which makes it an essential partner in the formation of the poetic text. This makes it a key partner in the formation of the poetic text. Throughout its history, the Arabic poem has presented thousands of spatial signs that participated in the formation of its entity, and necessarily participated in the formation of its aesthetics, but scholars have viewed them as mere subjects or mere elements that form the space of the poem without trying to discover the aesthetics of their presence. The study attempts to adopt a poetic model that has its own artistic nature and its own temporal and spatial boundaries (the Arabic poem in the Arabian Gulf region at the beginning of the third millennium), with the aim of achieving three objectives that discuss its questions and fulfil its hypotheses: To identify the most important spatial signs in the poem, explore the ways in which they appear and recognise the patterns of their presence, and then explore the rhetoric and aesthetics they achieve in the context of the poem. The study seeks to answer two main questions: How was the presence of the sign in the poem? What did the presence of the sign add to the poem? Its material was formed through three main axes that represent spatial circles that expand from the nearest to the farthest geographically: The local place (the poet's country and its spatial spaces), the regional circle (the large Arab world), and the global circle (the places outside the Arab world that the poem under study approached). The study achieved its results by analysing the poetic energy of the studied texts in a primarily aesthetic manner, looking at their deeper levels and the relationships between the spatial signs on the one hand, and the relationship between the spatial sign and other textual elements.

Digilite Content Management System Digital Library Lite

Digital library is a system that organizes and provides access to digital information content. Unlike conventional publishing, which has physical content like books, journals, and journals, digital publishing offers content in electronic format that can be accessed through a computer or other device connected to the internet. It allows users to search, download, and create various types of content, such as e-books, articles, videos, and more, from various sources. In the rapidly evolving digital era, effective and efficient content management is crucial for organizations, businesses, and individuals who want to build online presence. Content Management Systems (CMS) are a useful tool for creating, editing, and distributing content on the web without technical knowledge about coding. CMS provides user-friendly tools, allowing users to easily use text, images, videos, and other elements in their sites. Web-based digital library is a platform that uses CMS to create and distribute content without requiring technical knowledge. Users can search, download, and create digital content from various sources connected to the internet. CMS also provides a user-friendly interface and allows users to manage content efficiently, making it an ideal solution for various web publishing needs, from personal blogs to large business portals. Digital library is designed for ease of use and infrastructure, avoiding various issues. It can help create a modern, literate culture and contribute to the development of a more efficient and user-friendly system.

Memory Pegged Mind Map (MPMM): An Analysis Method for Narrative Texts

This paper discusses how the Memory Pegged Mind Mapping (MPMM) method can be utilized for the analysis of narrative texts. Content analysis, a part of qualitative research methods, systematically examines meanings and themes within texts. Narrative texts serve as significant tools for individuals to convey experiences and emotions, offering rich and layered meanings through their analysis. The MPMM method is a technique that aids researchers in organizing and visualizing information and ideas, helping them retain key points effectively. It contributes to the systematic identification of themes and motifs in narrative texts. The article emphasizes the importance of narrative texts within the context of Turkish language courses and details the application of the MPMM method for their analysis. Additionally, it explains how fundamental elements of narrative texts can be analyzed by integrating mind mapping and memory peg techniques. The analyses conducted using MPMM are expected to enhance students' deeper understanding of texts and foster their critical thinking skills. This method can effectively serve as a tool to improve students' reading and writing abilities, offering innovative approaches in education. In conclusion, the use of MPMM in narrative text analysis enriches qualitative research methods and facilitates a deeper understanding of narrative texts. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive perspective on the application of MPMM in education and research, contributing to academic studies and teaching processes.