Capital Elements Research Articles

Impact of organizational socialization towards employees' social adaptation

The paper discusses the importance of organizational socialization as a process of gaining knowledge on the organizational success of employees' social adaptation and encouraging their social competence. Organizational socialization as a scientific discipline as well as practically oriented adjustment activity towards employees' working environment has developed methodology and tactics of socio-cognitive, behavioural and motivational encouragement of employees to the acceptance of organizational culture. It is assumed that in the process of organizational socialization, in addition to professional and organizational adaptation, the focus is on the development of employees' social competences. Although within the evaluated performance appraisal of social competence is only estimated, and also neglected in the overall assessment of employees' work performance, organizational climate for good social skills is of great importance due to the fact that enhanced social and interpersonal communication and interaction can increase operating synergies and contribute to better business results. Although social skills are an important element of human capital, they are still insufficiently recognized as a form of intangible resources that participate in the long-term value creation. The deficit in this area can lead to the problems in performance of human relations at the workplace.

Intellectual capital and performance in banking industry of Taiwan

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between intellectual capital, and corporate performance of the banking industry in Taiwan. In addition, the interactions among intellectual capital elements are also explored. The study employed 30 local commercial banks in Taiwan as research samples for the period between 2005 and 2009. The method of analysis used for this study is the partial least squares (PLS) approach. The study finds that human capital has a significant and positive effect on performance, and is the source of the other intellectual capital elements. In addition, customer capital has a negative effect on performance.

The impact of structural capital on product innovation performance: an empirical analysis

By conducting a questionnaire within a network of Portuguese innovative small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and by using a combination of multivariate techniques to determine constructs and relations, the authors build on the intellectual capital and new product development perspectives to empirically analyse the influence of structural capital on product innovation performance. The results indicate that structural capital does have a significant and positive relationship with product innovation performance at Portuguese innovative SMEs. However, not all structural capital elements that were considered for the purpose of this study reveal such significant impact. In fact, ‘product innovation management and strategy’ stands out as the only structural capital element that significantly affects product innovation performance at the innovative SMEs level.

Exploring the Formation of Social Capital in a Malaysia Virtual Community

The aim of this exploratory case study is to understand the formation of social capital within a Malaysian e-community context. A qualitative approach is employed to generate an in-depth understanding of the formation of social capital elements in the United Subang Group (USG) e-community. This community was selected because it is one of the most active virtual communities in Malaysia and among the first virtual communities developed there. We conducted semi-structured interviews and administered open-ended online questionnaires, with a total of 43 respondents. Through interpretive analysis, our findings affirm that while many of the classic features of social capital are present, such as group characteristics, norms, togetherness, sociability, connections, and volunteerism, trust building among virtual communities remains a challenge.

Nation’s Character Education Based on the Social Capital Theory

Multi-dimensional crisis faced by a country could weaken national character. The crisis in national character can deteriorate the social and cultural identity of a country, while there is identity that is necessary to maintain the existence of the country in the era of globalization. One of the factors that influence human nature is a weakened role of social capital. This study aims to describe the elements of social capital that is owned by the school, and the role of social capital in character education. The population of this study is the schools in the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Sample were recruited from among teachers and principals from 17 elementary schools, 18 lower secondary schools and 16 high schools. The criteria for selection of schools are based on various levels of academic achievement. The data are collected from in-depth interviews and a questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions administered on the principals and teachers. The questions used are adapted from a questionnaire on social capital measure written by the World Bank. The steps taken in the process of analyzing qualitative research is data collection, data reduction, data display, conclusion, and data validation. The results of studies have concluded that school social capital and tried to strengthen elements such as (a) participation and social networks, (b) reciprocity, (c) trust, (d) social norms, (e) social value, and (f ) proactive action. It was found that elements of the social capital are needed to support character education and to rebuild the country's power to face global challenges. Social capital as a collective force should be reconsidered as a socio-cultural force that strengthens the nation character. The elements of social capital play an important role in the process of character education in the family, school, and community. This can build the character of 'bridging social capital in a synergistic way, the goals and functions of character education can be obtained optimally.

The Composition of Founder Team Human Capital and Economic Success in New Ventures

This study examines the human capital composition of the individual members of new venture founder teams and its importance for new venture performance. Using a model of team production we analyze key human capital elements of these individuals in measuring composition, as well as team monitoring efforts, in contrast to prior efforts measuring team-level heterogeneity as an enabler of organizational performance. Using a sample of 159 technology-driven, German founder teams, we show that under certain conditions team members’ prior human capital, and team monitoring efforts, are significantly related to new venture performance.

Intellectual Capital: Firms’ Hidden Source of Service Quality in the Microfinance Industry in Uganda

The author examines the relative contribution of individual intellectual capital elements on service quality in Uganda's microfinance industry (MFI), adopting analysis of moment structures, a form of structural equation modeling. Other than relational capital, intellectual capital elements are strong predictors of service quality with predictive power of 34%. To boost the wealth of MFIs, managers should use a suitable intellectual capital blend that increases firm value. Since the results of this study clearly show that human capital is the most important intellectual resource, MFIs should source for competent people who play key roles in the industry.

Intellectual capital disclosure and accounting standards

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the association between the intellectual capital disclosure level and the mandatory adoption of international financial reporting standards (IFRS). This paper reports an empirical evidence for the impact of the mandatory adoption of IFRS on the disclosure level of intellectual capital, intangible and knowledge assets. Intellectual capital is categorized into process focus, customer focus, human focus, research and development focus. The linkages between intellectual capital and IFRS adoption are investigated in companies of high technology sector in the UK. A novel approach to measure the effect of the IFRS adoption on intellectual capital disclosure level is presented.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed measure was adopted from the information retrieval algorithm and intellectual capital framework. The empirical model was expanded from the econometric model. The primary data for investigating the interrelationships between intellectual capital and IFRS adopting were hand collected from London Stock Exchange and listed firms' web sites. A comprehensive intellectual capital, intangible assets, and knowledge assets' dictionary were built based on related literature.FindingsThis study reports that the overall accuracy of information retrieval application is up to 78.2 percent. The disclosures of intellectual capital items are closely associated with the IFRS adoption. The results suggest that in older or larger companies, the intellectual capital disclosures increase in the post‐adoption period. Overall, the results confirm that companies in the high‐tech industry are associated with a higher disclosure level following the mandatory adoption of IFRS.Originality/valueThe adaption of information retrieval technique and intellectual capital framework enhances the understanding of the usefulness and readability of annual reports in the post‐adoption period of IFRS in high‐tech industry. This study corroborates and complements those of extant research and sheds light on the effect of IFRS adoption on voluntary disclosures. These findings will enable top management around the world to realize the impact of the IFRS adoption on intellectual capital elements so that long‐term strategic knowledge assets management may be emphasized for sustainable competitive edge.

Cultural health capital and the interactional dynamics of patient-centered care

As intuitive and inviting as it may appear, the concept of patient-centered care has been difficult to conceptualize, institutionalize and operationalize. Informed by Bourdieu's concepts of cultural capital and habitus, we employ the framework of cultural health capital to uncover the ways in which both patients' and providers' cultural resources, assets, and interactional styles influence their abilities to mutually achieve patient-centered care. Cultural health capital is defined as a specialized collection of cultural skills, attitudes, behaviors and interactional styles that are valued, leveraged, and exchanged by both patients and providers during clinical interactions. In this paper, we report the findings of a qualitative study conducted from 2010 to 2011 in the Western United States. We investigated the various elements of cultural health capital, how patients and providers used cultural health capital to engage with each other, and how this process shaped the patient-centeredness of interactions. We find that the accomplishment of patient-centered care is highly dependent upon habitus and the cultural health capital that both patients and providers bring to health care interactions. Not only are some cultural resources more highly valued than others, their differential mobilization can facilitate or impede engagement and communication between patients and their providers. The focus of cultural health capital on the ways fundamental social inequalities are manifest in clinical interactions enables providers, patients, and health care organizations to consider how such inequalities can confound patient-centered care.

Strategic Application of Intellectual Capital Research for Transformational Change in Complex Organizational Environments

The primary purpose of this research study is to develop a framework to implement the transformational change by using the insights of intellectual capital. This study employed 'structuring' as a strategy for research in which phenomenon of interest is organized and documented in the form of models. Intellectual capital and its applications in various fields have been debated considerably during the last few years. But its application in the field of change management is still unexplored. Therefore, identifying and implementing the strategies of intellectual capital is a new technique that would help to reduce the rate of failure in change management. This is an initial form of the application of intellectual capital in the field of change management. There is still a greater need to conduct separate studies to understand the applications and impacts of the three components of intellectual capital upon transformational change. This study consists of clear roadmap to transform the organization by using the elements of intellectual capital. This study concentrates on the application of intellectual capital research in organizational transformation. Not much work has been done in this emerging context. By this way, this study not fills the gap in existing literature per se, but also generates new paradigms for organizational research in the field of change management.

The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Income Smoothing and Stock Returns

This article examines the relationship between intellectual capital, income smoothing and stock returns. We are capturing income smoothing through total accruals. Income smoothing firms have significantly higher abnormal returns around earnings announcement. In the knowledge economy, intellectual capital has become one of the primary sources of competitive advantage for a firm. Given the remarkable shift in the underlying production factors of a business within the new knowledge economy, it is important for firms to be aware of the elements of intellectual capital that would lead to value creation. So we associated relationship between intellectual capital and income smoothing and stock returns. The sample includes 108 firm-year observations from 2006 to 2011.We have used five variables

Intellectual capital: company's invisible source of competitive advantage

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the individual contribution of intellectual capital elements to competitive advantage. It aims to explore the extent to which intellectual capital elements can explain competitive advantage in Uganda's microfinance industry.Design/methodology/approachHierarchical regression was used because of its capacity to indicate precisely what happens to the model as different predictor variables are introduced.FindingsThis study confirms that the three intellectual capital elements are strong predictors of competitive advantage and they account up to 44 percent of variance in competitive advantage. Their order of importance in explaining the variance in competitive advantage (basing on their standardized beta values) is: structural capital, human capital and relational capital.Research limitations/implicationsOnly a single research methodological approach was employed and future research through interviews could be undertaken to triangulate. Furthermore, the findings from the present study are cross‐sectional, future research should be undertaken to examine the effects of these variables across time.Practical implicationsThe managers of microfinance firms need to appreciate that the rise of intellectual capital in the industry is unavoidable, given the competitive and technological forces that are sweeping the twenty‐first century.Originality/valueThis is the first study that focuses on testing the individual influence of intellectual capital elements on competitive advantage in Uganda microfinance industry.

A területi tőke fogalmi megközelítései

A területi tőke koncepciója közel egy évtizede jelent meg a modern regionális tudomány terminológiai rendszerében. Ez a paradigma a helyi versenyképességet meghatározó materiális és immateriális tőkeelemeket vizsgálja. A területi tőke kategóriájának bevezetése azért fontos, mert a korábbi mérések csak a materiális javakat, a közgazdaságilag könnyen mérhető változókat elemezték. A területi tőke azonban olyan új komplex gyűjtőfogalom, mellyel a gazdasági térszerkezet mélyebb összefüggésrendszerét, vonzóképességét is lehet vizsgálni. Ebben a tanulmányban a területi tőke fogalmi elemeit, osztályozását, modelljeit, definíciós kísérleteinek eredményeit mutatom be. Megvizsgálom funkcióit, újítási lehetőségeit, legfőbb jellemzőit, módszertani eljárásának (MASST-modell) sajátosságait, valamint bemutatom az OECD és Camagni területitőke-definícióit. A területi tőke számos tőkeösszetevőt foglal magába, melyek rendszerszerűen tagolódnak, illeszkednek egymáshoz. A fogalomnak még nincs kiforrott, általánosan elfogadott definíciója, inkább definíciós kísérletekkel találkozhatunk. Ezt tovább bonyolítja, hogy a különböző fogalmi modellek más és más tőkeelemeket fogadnak el. Természetesen vannak átfedések, egyezések a modellek között, ám eltérésekkel is lehet találkozni.

Geodiversity and the ecosystem approach: the contribution of geoscience in delivering integrated environmental management

Abstract As reflected in the ecosystem approach, conservation strategies for the natural environment are responding to society's needs and the changing climate. Ecosystem assessments, particularly the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the UK National Ecosystem Assessment, have reviewed the benefits that society gains from the natural environment, but they under-represent and undervalue the contribution of geodiversity. Geodiversity underpins and delivers many vital ecosystem services, informs their management and is an important element of natural capital. This includes the application of knowledge of physical processes and evidence from Quaternary archives of recent environmental change to help future-proof ecosystems and their services. Key principles include working with natural processes, based on understanding their spatial and temporal dynamics, and adopting where possible soft engineering practices to enable multiple benefits for nature and society. The ecosystem approach and the need for climate change adaptation require more integrated approaches to geodiversity, biodiversity and landscape conservation and management to enable a more sustainable future. Engaging with these issues will also demonstrate the wider relevance today of geodiversity and geoconservation. Contributing successfully in these critical areas requires closer partnership working, both across the geoscience and geoconservation communities, and with other sectors of nature conservation, policy makers, planners and communities, as well as other disciplines. Geoscience has an essential contribution to make in addressing knowledge gaps recognised in ecosystem assessment and in implementing robust solutions to broader environmental, economic and social issues.

Does Social Capital Matter for European Regional Growth?

This article analyzes the role of different elements of social capital in economic growth for a sample of 85 European regions during the period 1995-2008. Much has been said about social capital in the last two decades, but studies for the European regional context are scant, and those analyzing periods after the nineties are nonexistent. The improvements in data availability allow us to consider the traditionally disregarded Central and Eastern European regions. This is especially interesting, since they are all transition economies that recently joined to the European Union and show remarkably low levels of social capital. Additionally, we follow the Bayesian paradigm, which not only allows us to make direct inference on the parameters to be estimated, but also deals with parameter uncertainty, leading to a deeper understanding of the data. Contrary to other contributions for the European context, results suggest, among other findings, that trust and social norms might have the major implications for regional growth, whereas the role of active participation in groups does not seem to be so well defined.

Social capital and diffusion of water system innovations in the Makanya watershed, Tanzania

Social capital is one of the major drivers in the diffusion process of water system innovations within agrarian communities in a watershed. However, there is limited information on the nature and extent of social capital, and how it influences the diffusion of water system innovations at community level. This paper explores the role of social capital on the uptake of water system innovations in the Makanya watershed. Information on role of social capital in the diffusion of water systems innovations was analysed using data collected through key informants interviews, focus group discussions and structured questionnaire. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to analyse the data and the results were summarized in tables and figures. Results show that the social capital elements, which are key to adoption of WSIs are group belonging and information pathways. Group belonging was significant in the diffusion of terraces at P<0.001 in the upland and P<0.1 at watershed level. Information and communication pathways were not significant in the diffusion of terraces but were significant (P<0.01) in the diffusion of ndivas and diversion canals. This paper recommends the inclusion of these parameters in the design of uptake and up-scaling strategy for WSIs especially in the study area.

Bridges or Traps? Casualisation and Labour Market Transitions in Australia

In this article, I re-examine the familiar debate on whether casual jobs represent a ‘bridge’ into permanent employment or a ‘trap’ that keeps workers locked into ongoing casualised work or joblessness. My analysis looks at the labour market destinations of casual workers over time, making use of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey data for the period 2001 to 2009. The novelty of my approach is twofold. First, I examine an extensive range of individual, locality and job characteristics to assess which of these are most strongly associated with various labour market destinations. Second, I conduct the analysis using longitudinal panel data, in which I make use of random intercepts multinomial logit panel models to estimate various conditional predicted probabilities for these destinations. The findings show that as far as individual characteristics are concerned, age and years in paid employment matter a great deal, while education matters much less. Increasing age leads to worse outcomes, more years in paid employment lead to better outcomes, and increased levels of educational qualification have only a modest link to better outcomes. In regard to locality, the more disadvantaged the area, the more likely that casual jobs will persist, transitions to permanent jobs will diminish and transitions to joblessness will increase. In regard to the jobs themselves, casualisation persists in those industries where casual density is high, where organisations are small, where the work is part-time and where skills development is limited. These findings suggest that systemic influences count for a great deal, while human capital elements count for much less. I conclude that the very nature of casual jobs is itself responsible for perpetuating casualised employment.

FORMATION OF ENTERPRISE INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL IN CONTEXT OF RESOURCE THEORY

The main content of the resource theory and description of it evolution in three stages were considered in this article. The first stage was the formation of the classical concept of the resource, the second – the origin and development of the concept of core competencies and dynamic organizational capabilities, and the third is associated with the formation of the theory of re-source advantages. The nature and the necessity to identify new resource elements (core competencies, dynamic capabilities and organizational routines) were characterized in the context of the selected stages. The signs of sustainable competitive ad-vantage and types of economic rents that arise on the resource base were generalized. There is a connection between resource theory and concept of knowledge management based on identification of intellectual component in the economic nature of the core competencies and organizational abilities. The basic approach to the classification of resources and their elements, which form the intellectual capital of the company was described. New elements of economic resources such as competencies, organ-izational abilities, rutin and elements of intellectual capital are in close connection. It is concluded that the core competencies are best developed in human client and networking elements of intellectual capital, dynamic organizational capability in innovative capital and routines in process capital of an enterprise. Keywords: resource theory, core competencies, dynamic organizational capability, intellectual resources, intellectual capital, sustainable competitive advantage.

Positive Employee Interpersonal Relationships as a Factor of Company Development

Positive employee interpersonal relationships (IR), such as showing each other respect, acceptance, reliance, or friendliness are important elements of social capital. Business studies are becoming more and more involved in such topics due to the growing popularity of the positive approach. At the same time, the influence of IR with company development indicators as well as the ways of creating positive interpersonal relations through, for example, proper design of internal communication in a company received little attention in research. On the grounds of the research carried out in Polish companies we are trying to narrow the gap in the field. The correlation analysis of the respondent opinions showed that the most significant factor of company development among the aspects of the positive interpersonal relationships is the transfer of IR within the teams into the IR between the teams in an organization. Whereas, among the company development indicators, increase in customer satisfaction, rise in the quality of carried out business processes and growth of the company reputation have the strongest correlations with IR. Among the internal communication elements, in turn, the highest correlation with IR is found for efficient communication skills in employee and managerial staff. The research conclusions and limitations are an inspiration for further research in that field. Keywords: employee interpersonal relationship, company development, internal communication, positive organizational potential

Social Capital of Urban Settlement

This is a literature review on social capital that hold together the community of settlement where people live in. It will discuss the spatial aspect of architectural behavior to conduct the theory framework. The methods used are qualitative analysis and literature review on the subjects of social capital, urban settlement, and kampung. Through a review of literature, the paper explores whether or not the spatial aspects of social capital of settlement available. The social capitals applied in many fields are economic, sociology, health, psychology, political science, and architecture. Due to many meanings of social capital in various fields, the important element of social capital is about social interaction among people to achieve their goals together. Kampung as urban settlement of Indonesia has unique characteristic of community due to their social living. Their relationship among them is very close. The social capital of urban settlement is shown in social interaction and social network of the resident at their daily lives. The communication is active, expressed in interaction related to gender and age structure. The social capital was developed from the trust and understanding in their relationship. The social capital of kampung helps them to live better.