Incorporation Of Elements Research Articles

Toward high stability of O3‐type NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material with zirconium substitution for advanced sodium‐ion batteries

AbstractWe successfully synthesized a series of O3‐type NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3−xZrxO2 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04) cathode materials by the solid‐state reaction method. Energy dispersion spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed the successful incorporation of Zr elements into the lattice to substitute Mn. Due to the introduction of Zr4+, the crystal structure modulation of O3‐NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 has been realized. By increasing the Zr4+ content, the width of the sodium diffusion layer expands, thereby facilitating the diffusion of sodium ions. Consequently, the material exhibits a remarkable enhancement in high‐rate capability. At the same time, increasing the Zr4+ content results in a notable decrease in both the average bond length of TM−O and the thickness of the TMO6 octahedron in the transition metal layer, resulting in a significant improvement in the cycling performance and structural stability of the cathode material. Additionally, the in‐situ XRD results demonstrate that the optimized cathode composition of O3‐NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3–0.02Zr0.02O2 (NFMZ2) undergoes a reversible phase transition of O3 → O3 + P3 → P3 → O3 + P3 → O3 during the charge–discharge process.

Interfacial Stability between High-Entropy (La0.2Yb0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7 and Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia for Advanced Thermal Barrier Coating Applications

(La0.2Yb0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7 (HEZ) has shown considerable promise as a novel thermal barrier coating material for temperatures exceeding 1300 °C. This study systematically investigates the interfacial stability of (La0.2Yb0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2Gd0.2)2Zr2O7 with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), which is of paramount importance for its application in double-layer thermal barrier coatings. Our findings highlight that rare earth elements with a smaller radius diffuse more easily into the YSZ lattice, resulting in a broader diffusion zone. Simultaneously, the incorporation of rare earth elements into the YSZ lattice inhibits tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transformation. Compared to La2Zr2O7/YSZ, HEZ/YSZ demonstrates superior high-temperature stability, which could be attributed to the higher fracture toughness and lower thermal expansion coefficient of HEZ, the absence of t-m transformation and the formation of a continuous gradient diffusion layer that minimizes interface stress. This study offers a practical strategy for designing materials for durable double-layer thermal barrier coating systems.

Characteristics of the Discoloration Switching Phenomenon of 4H-SiC Single Crystals Grown by PVT Method Using ToF-SIMS and Micro-Raman Analysis.

The discoloration switching appearing in the initial and final growth stages of 4H-silicon carbide (4H-SiC) single crystals grown using the physical vapor transport (PVT) technique was investigated. This phenomenon was studied, investigating the correlation with linear-type micro-pipe defects on the surface of 4H-SiC single crystals. Based on the experimental results obtained using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and micro-Raman analysis, it was deduced that the orientation of the 4H-SiC c-axis causes an axial change that correlates with low levels of carbon. In addition, it was confirmed that the incorporation of additional elements and the concentrations of these doped impurity elements were the main causes of discoloration and changes in growth orientation. Overall, this work provides guidelines for evaluating the discoloration switching in 4H-SiC single crystals and contributes to a greater understanding of this phenomenon.

Biophysical Modeling of Actin-Mediated Structural Plasticity Reveals Mechanical Adaptation in Dendritic Spines.

Synaptic plasticity is important for learning and memory formation; it describes the strengthening or weakening of connections between synapses. The postsynaptic part of excitatory synapses resides in dendritic spines, which are small protrusions on the dendrites. One of the key features of synaptic plasticity is its correlation with the size of these spines. A long-lasting synaptic strength increase [long-term potentiation (LTP)] is only possible through the reconfiguration of the actin spine cytoskeleton. Here, we develop an experimentally informed three-dimensional computational model in a moving boundary framework to investigate this reconfiguration. Our model describes the reactions between actin and actin-binding proteins leading to the cytoskeleton remodeling and their effect on the spine membrane shape to examine the spine enlargement upon LTP. Moreover, we find that the incorporation of perisynaptic elements enhances spine enlargement upon LTP, exhibiting the importance of accounting for these elements when studying structural LTP. Our model shows adaptation to repeated stimuli resulting from the interactions between spine proteins and mechanical forces.

Creating Methodological Design Processes for Empowering Artisans of Cali, Colombia

This paper describes how, from an academic exercise, Industrial Design students assume the role of social intrapreneurs (Cabana, 2018: 90-91) to become aware of the potential of design and the richness in non-academic learning that this type of dynamics can generate. In Colombia, there is sometimes a dependency between the artisan and the designer, because some professionals hired by state entities or third-sector agencies carry out design processes for the artisans, considering their skills, but these designs are not generated in a participatory manner. What is sought with this exercise is to empower artisans through the search for a design process according to their needs, where collectively the designer facilitates the artisan the incorporation of elements of the design process proper to the design into the empirical exercise of the artisan. This way, the artisan meets the creative requirements of customers and the local market, which allows them to increase their competitiveness and not depend on the designers to achieve a product portfolio that guarantees economic, cultural, and social sustainability.

An extensive benchmark analysis of advanced ceramic-concretes towards strategic material selection for nuclear applications and waste management

Ceramic concretes, with their exceptional durability and ability to incorporate a high percentage of heavy metal oxides, are of critical importance for nuclear radiation facilities, offering superior radiation attenuation characteristics essential for long-term safety and protection. This study presents a detailed evaluation of the gamma-ray shielding properties of various concrete composites, including Standard Concrete and Heavy Concretes (HC series), with densities ranging from 1.94 g/cm3 to 4.54 g/cm3. Utilizing computational methods, we analyzed several gamma-ray and neutron shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficients, linear attenuation coefficients, half and tenth value layers, mean free paths, exposure build-up factors, effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff), fast neutron effective removal cross-section (ΣR), and photon transmission factors (TFs). Our research reveals that the shielding efficacy of concrete is intrinsically linked to its density and elemental composition, with higher densities and the incorporation of heavy elements leading to enhanced attenuation capabilities. Among the concretes studied, Limonite with Steel Punch LS-a, which contains 74.53% Fe in its structure, exhibited the lowest transmission factors (TFs) across all tested thicknesses and energy levels (0.662, 1.1732, and 1.3325 MeV), indicating its superior photon attenuation potential. It can be concluded that the concrete samples with a higher Fe (iron) content in their structure demonstrate clear superiority in gamma-ray attenuation properties.

Psalm 29 as a poetological example of Peshitta Psalms translation

The existing research on Peshitta has mostly overlooked the translation techniques used in Peshitta Psalms. Prior studies have primarily focused on comparing Peshitta Psalms with the Masoretic Text (MT), the Septuagint and Targum, leaving a gap in the analysis of Peshitta Psalms within the context of Classical Syriac Poetry. This study will delve into how adeptly the Syriac translator employed poetic elements to construct strophic structures and poetic style within the Peshitta Psalm. This article presents an analysis of strophic structure, word repetition, sound figures and versification in the Syriac translation of Psalm 29, comparing them with their Hebrew counterparts. In this study, the utilisation of the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (BHS) is employed for the MT, while the ‘Leiden edition’ is employed for the Peshitta. The findings from this analysis reveal that the Syriac rendition of Psalm 29 within the Peshitta incorporates numerous poetic elements. This suggests the translator’s familiarity with the strophic arrangement, word repetition, alliteration and various other poetic characteristics utilised by Hebrew scribes. The Peshitta translation of Psalm 29 closely resembles the MT Hebrew text, resulting in a balance of fidelity and aesthetic elegance. The Syriac rendition incorporates poetic elements like strophic arrangement, word repetition and alliteration but employs these features in a distinct manner. The Syriac text has a lower frequency of alliteration and word repetition but still possesses appealing poetic characteristics. The Syriac approach to verse composition closely resembles the Hebrew method, with some exceptions.Contribution: This study explores the Syriac translator’s use of poetic elements in Peshitta Psalms, revealing their familiarity with Hebrew techniques and the unique incorporation of elements. It provides insights into the evolution of Classical Syriac Poetry and contributes to our understanding of Biblical and Syriac poetry.

The Motivation of Uncertainty: Gamifying Vocabulary Learning

As language learning is a long-term process, it is important to find ways of sustaining learning motivation over time. One approach for addressing this problem is gamifying learning tasks. Gamification refers to the incorporation of gaming elements, such as uncertainty, in the learning process so that motivation can be sustained. The present study reports an intervention investigating the effectiveness of gamifying learning vocabulary using a smartphone app. After using the app for a month, the experimental group ( n = 102) outperformed the control group ( n = 83) in the posttest but not in a delayed posttest administered one month after the end of the experiment. The implications of the results are discussed in the context of implementing gamification to sustain learning motivation.

In situ bismuth ion exchange plating micro-electrochemical sensor based on laser-induced graphene for trace Cd2+ and Pb2+ detection

Rapid, sensitive, and on-site detection of heavy metal ions in the environment is of great significance for protecting human health and maintaining ecological balance. This work presents a novel approach for the synthesis of nitrogen and bismuth co-doped, homogeneous porous petaloid graphene on polyimide films through ion exchange plating and laser direct writing techniques. The electrochemical sensing platform constructed by this technique exhibits excellent detection performance for trace amounts of the heavy metals lead and cadmium ions. Particularly, the mild surface ion exchange and self-metallization strategy enables in situ incorporation of bismuth elements with ultra-low material consumption. At the same time, the laser direct writing method can be utilized to create multiple electrode patterns, enhancing the sensor’s versatility. The synergistic effect between the homogeneous porous structure of graphene and the abundant bismuth and nitrogen functional groups endows the new micro-electrochemical sensor with satisfactory sensing performance for simultaneous detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+ using differential pulse stripping voltammetry. The fabricated sensor exhibits superior performance with a linear range of 1.0–100.0 μg/L, a detection limit of 0.207 μg/L and 0.410 μg/L (S/N = 3) for Cd2+ and Pb2+, respectively, and demonstrates good anti-interference capability, stability, and repeatability. When applied to detecting Cd2+ and Pb2+ in actual porcelain applique and tea samples, it demonstrates good recovery rates ranging from 95.3% to 106.3%. Consequently, this portable and sensitive micro-electrochemical sensor based on laser-induced graphene shows promising potential for application in environmental monitoring and protection.

A high-entropy carbon-coated Na3V1.9(Mg, Cr, Al, Mo, Nb)0.1(PO4)2F3 cathode for superior performance sodium-ion batteries

A NASICON-type high-entropy carbon-coated Na3V1.9(Mg, Cr, Al, Mo, Nb)0.1(PO4)2F3 (NVPF-HE@C) material was synthesized through the sol-gel route. The incorporation of high entropy elements (Mg, Cr, Al, Mg, Nb) improved the stability of Na2 sites in NVPF without altering its crystal structure, which suppressed the intermediate reactions of Na3V2(PO4)2F3 phase at low potential of 3.4V. This improvement further lifted the specific capacity, capacity retention and Na+ diffusion coefficient of NVPF-HE@C cathode. The fluctuation of Na+ diffusion coefficient at low voltage region decreased 10−14-10−10cm2s−1 to 10−12-10−10cm2s−1. NVPF-HE@C cathode displays the initial specific capacities of 128 mAhg−1 at 1C and 82 mAhg−1 at 5C, while maintaining a low capacity decay of 17% over 800 cycles. The introduction of high-entropy doping provides an effective approach as promoting the electrochemistry properties of NVPF cathode, with potential applicability to other electrode materials in energy storage applications.

Effects of Fe Contents on the Microstructure and Precipitate of Ti–Al–V Alloys Prepared by Direct Energy Deposition

This study investigated the influence of Fe content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V(TC4) + 25Ti alloys prepared by low-energy-density direct energy deposition (DED) technology. With the incorporation of the Fe elements, the α-Ti phases exhibited significant changes in size and morphology, while the numerous β-Ti phases and some triclinic-Ti precipitates were retained. With the refinement of the α-Ti phase, retainment of the β-Ti phase and the presence of triclinic-Ti precipitates, the mechanical properties of DED samples can be significantly improved compared with DED TC4 alloys. The room-temperature mechanical property tests showed that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 3Fe + TC4 + 25Ti achieved 1298.64 ± 5.26 MPa with an elongation of 4.82% ± 0.20%, and the maximum elongation of 1Fe + TC4 + 25Ti reached 10.82% ± 0.82% with a UTS of 1076.95 ± 11.69 MPa. The strengthening mechanism of DED Ti-Al-V-Fe alloys were further discussed, providing new insights into the microstructure control and the composition design of additive manufacturing of Ti alloys.

Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence unravels the effect of temperature and light on elemental incorporation into E. huxleyi coccolith matrix at nanometer resolution

Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence unravels the effect of temperature and light on elemental incorporation into E. huxleyi coccolith matrix at nanometer resolution

A formalism for extracting track functions from jet measurements

The continued success of the jet substructure program will require widespread use of tracking information to enable increasingly precise measurements of a broader class of observables. The recent reformulation of jet substructure in terms of energy correlators has simplified the incorporation of universal non-perturbative matrix elements, so called “track functions”, in jet substructure calculations. These advances make it timely to understand how these universal non-perturbative functions can be extracted from hadron collider data, which is complicated by the use jet algorithms. In this paper we introduce a new class of jet functions, which we call (semi-inclusive) track jet functions, which describe measurements of the track energy fraction in identified jets. These track jet functions can be matched onto the universal track functions, with perturbatively calculable matching coefficients that incorporate the jet algorithm dependence. We perform this matching, and present phenomenological results for the charged energy fraction in jets at the LHC and EIC/HERA at collinear next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. We show that higher moments of the charged energy fraction directly exhibit non-linear Lorentzian renormalization group flows, allowing the study of these flows with collider data. Our factorization theorem enables the extraction of universal track functions from jet measurements, opening the door to their use for a precision jet substructure program.

Enhancing Structural Resilience: A Comparative Study of G+35 Storey Irregular Buildings with Bracing and Diagrid Systems

Abstract: The study presented herein delves into the structural performance and behavior of a building subjected to different configurations, namely, an Irregular Building, an Irregular Building with Steel Bracing, and an Irregular Building with Diagrid System. The focus of the investigation is on key structural parameters such as node displacements and storey shear values across various levels of the building. Understanding how these parameters vary in response to different design strategies is vital for assessing the overall stability, safety, and efficiency of the structure in the face of external forces. Structural engineers and designers are constantly striving to optimize building designs to meet safety standards and performance criteria. The incorporation of additional elements, such as steel bracing or a diagrid system, can significantly impact a structure's ability to withstand lateral forces, ensuring resilience in the face of dynamic loads such as wind or seismic events. By comparing the performance of the three configurations, this study aims to provide insights into the efficacy of these design strategies and their influence on key structural indicators. Through a comprehensive analysis of node displacements and storey shear values at various levels, this study seeks to contribute valuable information to the field of structural engineering. The findings may inform future design decisions, guide improvements in structural systems, and enhance the understanding of how different configurations influence the overall behavior of a building. Ultimately, the knowledge gained from this study can contribute to the advancement of resilient and efficient structural designs, with implications for the broader fields of architecture and civil engineering.

Continuous-wave pumped dispersion-compensated ultrashort-pulse doubly resonant oscillator studies

We have reported theoretical analysis of broadband phase-coherent spectral generation with stable short pulse output based on optical parametric oscillator (OPOs) pumped by low-cost single-mode continuous-wave (cw) laser considering the incorporation of mode-locking element in the cw dispersion-compensated OPO in doubly-resonant oscillator (DRO) configuration. Exploiting the control of dispersion in the cw mode-locked cavity, the intracavity round-trip phase shift, phase coherence among resonating waves, carrier envelope offset phase of mode-locked output and enhancement of efficiency of system using active mode-locking element driven at high modulation frequency has been studied. The study paves the way of realization of compact, low-cost, efficient ultrashort pulse OPO under cw pumping.

Effective PdPtMoCrCoNi alloy nanosheets boost electrocatalytic activity and stability for ethylene glycol oxidation

In the realm of traditional electrocatalytic processes, the benefits of composition and two-dimensional ultrathin morphology have not often been explored in the context of multicomponent palladium-based nanosheets. In this work, we utilize a one-step solvothermal method to create nanosheets of a multicomponent alloy (PdPtMoCrCoNi NSs). The synthesis involves no surfactants, allowing for the exposure of more active sites or surface atoms. The resulting PdPtMoCrCoNi NSs exhibits outstanding performance in the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol under alkaline conditions, demonstrating high mass activity (10.12 A mgPd+Pt−1), good stability, and enhanced anti-poisoning ability. The incorporation of more low-cost alloyed elements not only reduces the overall cost of electrocatalysts but also effectively tailors the electronic state to enhance the corresponding electrocatalytic performance.

Simultaneous copper incorporation in core/shell-structured eco-friendly quantum dots for high-efficiency photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution

The rational design of elemental incorporation in colloidal eco-friendly core/shell quantum dots (QDs) holds the potential to synergistically tailor their electronic band structure and carrier kinetics for applications in forthcoming “green” and high-efficiency solar energy conversion. Herein, we have conducted simultaneous Cu incorporation in both the core and shell regions of environment-benign AgInSe (AISe)/ZnSe core/shell QDs to realize high-efficiency solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen evolution. It is verified that Cu incorporation in AISe core enables an upward shift in the position of the band edge relative to the ZnSe shell, which promoted the electron delocalization and extended the lifetime of exciton. Simultaneously, Cu incorporation in the ZnSe shell further results in the trapping of photoinduced holes from AISe core, leading to a decelerated recombination of carriers. The prepared Cu-AISe/ZnSe:Cu QDs with optimized optoelectronic properties have been successfully employed to fabricate QDs-PEC devices, delivering a maximum photocurrent density of 9.1 mA cm−2 under standard AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW cm−2). Our findings indicate that synchronous elemental incorporation in eco-friendly core/shell QDs is a promising strategy to achieve future high-performance solar-to-hydrogen conversion systems.

Design and Discovery of Compositionally Complex Alloys that Include High Corrosion Resistance

The novel compositionally complex alloy (CCA) design space provides opportunities to improve corrosion resistance through design of passive films based on alloy composition and structure. The passive films are designed for thermodynamic stability as well as to provide corrosion protection by regulating charge transfer and transport processes operative during corrosion as well as by providing self-healing capability. Film protectivity can be obtained from single passivating element formation, passivity “helper” elements, secondary passivators, as well as other second and third element effects. Oxides can form congruently or enrich in certain elements and be depleted in others. The wide range of possible alloying combinations and resultant oxide compositions for a given design space necessitates efficient alloy selection for experimental synthesis and characterization of down-selected choices with high potential for good corrosion resistance. A design process for Al-Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Mo-Ni-containing CCAs providing testable strategies for effective incorporation of corrosion-influencing elements in the oxide is introduced. Guidelines for elemental selection for protection by passive oxides, compositional optimization, and microstructural refinement are discussed.

DAMPAK GAMIFIKASI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS

Gamification, the incorporation of game elements into non-game contexts, has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance motivation and engagement in English language learning. This type of research is library research. The research results show that, the synthesis of theoretical insights, empirical findings, and instructional considerations highlights the importance of Gamification in English Language Learning. The significance of incorporating gaming aspects into language education is highlighted by the convergence of theoretical foundations, empirical data, and instructional design considerations

Side Effects of Gamifying Environmental Education Activities in Chinese Kindergartens

Environmental education is an effective approach to addressing environmental issues, and incorporating environmental education into kindergarten through gamified activities aligns with the concept of gamifying teaching and provides the optimal pathway for implementing environmental education. The purpose of this study is to investigate the specific processes involved in determining the objectives, themes, and content of gamified environmental education activities, as well as the organization, implementation, and evaluation of these activities in kindergarten settings. Five classes from Class G in Xining City Kindergarten were selected as the observational subjects for this study. Interviews were conducted with the teaching staff and the head of the kindergarten. The data obtained from observations and interviews served as the primary data for this research. The results indicate that the activity objectives formulated by teachers lack scientific basis and operability, with limited incorporation of gaming elements. The activity themes and content are narrow in scope and primarily determined by teachers and kindergarten administrators. The organization and implementation of activities often neglect the playful experiences of children, and activity evaluation is not given sufficient attention.