Sentence Elements Research Articles

Literature Review on Psycholinguistic Processes in Reading Comprehension Mechanisms in Individuals with Language Disorders

This literature review investigates the psycholinguistic processes in reading comprehensionmechanisms in individuals with language impairment. Reading comprehension is an important aspect oflanguage development, yet individuals with language impairment often experience difficulties in understandingwritten text. Reading comprehension involves various psycholinguistic processes, including phonological,syntactic, semantic and pragmatic processing. Language impairment conditions such as dyslexia, languagedevelopment disorders and reading comprehension disorders often affect these mechanisms. Phonologicalprocessing is key in reading comprehension mechanisms, and individuals with language impairments often havedifficulty in recognising and decoding words. In addition, syntactic aspects play an important role inunderstanding sentence structure and the relationship between sentence elements. Reading comprehensiondisorders are often associated with difficulties in understanding semantic relationships, recognising wordmeanings and applying semantic knowledge in reading contexts. In addition, pragmatic factors are alsoimportant in comprehending text, including understanding context and communicative purpose. Individuals withlanguage impairment may have difficulty in picking up pragmatic nuances and applying them in readingcomprehension. This literature review presents an in-depth understanding of the relationship betweenpsycholinguistic processes and reading comprehension mechanisms in individuals with language impairment.The clinical implications of this study may aid the development of more effective intervention strategies toimprove reading comprehension in this population. With a better understanding of the factors that influencereading comprehension, health and education practitioners can design specific and targeted interventionprogrammes to improve reading ability in individuals with language impairment.

Cognate Object dalam Bahasa Jepang: Bentuk dan Contoh

Syntax is concerned with how sentences are constructed. Language users employ a unique variation that allows for the formation of elements in sentences. Subject, verb, object, complement, and adverb are some sentence structure components that catch the attention of syntax. This research will concentrate on objects, particularly cognate objects, among the many sentence structures studied from syntax. Although the Japanese language has a cognate object similar to English, there is a slight difference. This is because the object comes before the predicate in the Japanese sentence pattern. As a result, this paper will look at how cognate object forms in Japanese. Some of the facts in the discussion suggest that the cognate object in Japanese is significantly different from the cognate object in English. This is due to the non-referential and non-accusative nature of the cognate object in Japanese. In Japanese, cognate object forms based on verbs have nearly the same qualities as verbs.

THE ORIGIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF INDETERMINATE SENTENCES IN SOVIET LEGISLATION 1918-1921

Based on various sources, the author of this article explores the process of the emergence of the institution of indeterminate sentences in Soviet legislation. Its American and European roots are revealed, reflected in the legislation of individual countries, discus sions on the issue of indeterminate sentences at international conferences and congresses. Also considered is the scientific position of prerevolutionary Russian scientists in relation to indeterminate sentences. Some of prerevolutionary scientists were in the public service, first during the Provisional Government, and then in the early Soviet period. In this regard, the author explores the specifics of the personnel of the Central Punitive Department of the People’s Commissariat of Justice in the initial period of its activity. It has been established that a number of prominent prerevolutionary criminologists could influence the content of Soviet legislation in terms of introducing elements of indeterminate sentences. In this regard, the first normative acts of the Soviet state of the criminal law and correctional labor industries (1918-1921) are analyzed. The author comes to the conclusion that during the period of the formation of the Soviet state in Russia, important prerequisites were formed for fixing the institution of indeterminate sentences in the legislation. The article may be of interest both for historians of law and for specialists in the field of criminal and penitentiary law.

峿堂 李象秀의 <歸去來辭句解>와 林雲銘의 영향

Yi Sang-soo is a Neo-Confucianist of the Horon Faction and wordsmith of the Nongam Faction of Joseon in the 19th century. <Guigeoraesa Guhae (‘Returning Home’ with Commentaries)> is a literary criticism he wrote at 30. In <Guigeoraesa Guhae>, he left several traces of accepting the view of 『Gu Wen Xi Yi(Analysis of the Significance in Old-style Prose)』, a criticism by Lin Yunming, a stylist of the Late Ming and the Early Qing. 『Gu Wen Xi Yi』 is an analysis of the selective old literary masterpieces of China based on the section-chapter composition method. This is where a literary person of the Nongam Faction accepted the criticism from the Late Ming and the Early Qing; it provides a clue to peek into the influence relationship of its composition and criticism. <Guigeoraesa Guhae> shows a similar composition due to the influence of Lin Yunming’s view. In the case of 『Gu Wen Xi Yi』, it added related explanations in small letters to each phrase in the text of <Guigeoraesa(Gui Qu Lai Ci)> and added an end note at the end of the text in large letters. Yi Sang-soo referred to this and supplemented and improved his view by dividing the first and second paragraphs, abridging or elaborating parts of the end note, and moving them to footnotes. The commentaries can be divided into theme, composition, technique, and elaboration. Composition and technique are related to the organic order and change between sentence elements belonging to the work, and they are devices to highlight the theme of the entire work effectively. This must be understood in the organic context of the theme and is influenced by the section-chapter composition method. The elaboration is the supplementary explanation of the implication of certain wording. This can be divided into the acceptance of the explanation of wording and the criticism of popular interpretation. It tends to agree with Lin Unming’s view based on the theme and context.

Naratologi Musa Dalam Al-Qur’an Perspektif Stilistika

Each letter in the Koran has a harmonious sound that forms harmonious words, and several groups of words form a harmonious rhythm in a series of sentences, and in the end, these groups of sentences form a perfect rhythm in the verse. The beauty of the series of pronunciations and the accuracy of its meaning show that the Qur'an is a miracle that will never be equaled. This research aims to examine the language style and elements that make up the story about the Prophet Moses in the Koran and the impact it has. Stylistics is considered a suitable method for this purpose. The material object of this research is the story of the Prophet Musa in the Koran. The author uses library research, namely collecting data from various sources, analyzing it, and presenting the results of the data analysis. Some elements of language style found in this research are as follows: First, in terms of grammatical structure, there are four elements of language style, namely nouns, verbs, verbal sentences and nominal sentences. Second, in terms of lexical meaning, there are three elements of language style, namely antonyms, synonyms and polysemy. Third, in terms of fragments and cohesion, there is harmony in the plot of the story of the Prophet Moses in the Koran. Fourth, the effects are to attract sympathy, foster readiness, emphasize the message, and emphasize time

The Criterion Proposal on the Classification of Sentence Elements in Turkish

Bu çalışmada, Türkçedeki cümle ögelerinin sınıflandırılmasında kullanılabilecek yeni bir ölçüt önerilmiştir. Bunun için öncelikle cümlenin tanımı üzerinde durulmuştur. Cümlenin, yargı bildiren dilsel ifadeler olarak tanımlanmasına karşı çıkılmış, cümle için ancak biçimsel bir tanımın mümkün olduğu savunulmuştur. Türkçede cümlenin varlığı fiil ve fiil çekimiyle ilişkilendirilmiş, bunlar üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Ardından cümle ögesi olmanın anlamsal ve biçimsel koşulları ele alınmıştır. Cümle ögesinin, özgül bir dilsel ifade olması gerektiği vurgulanmış, her bir ögenin cümlenin yüklemindeki fiille kurduğu anlamsal ilişki üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu anlamsal ilişki, cümlenin sıfat yan cümlesine dönüşümü üzerinden gösterilmiştir. Sıfat yan cümlesinin tamlayan olarak bulunduğu bir tamlamanın ortaya çıktığı bu sözdizimsel dönüşümde her bir ögenin, yüklemdeki fiile göre bu tamlamanın tamlananı olabildiğine dikkat çekilmiştir. Ögelerin dönüşümlerdeki farklı tepkileri yüklemdeki fiilin sözlük anlamıyla ilişkilendirilmiş, ögeler bu tepkiler üzerinden sınıflandırılmıştır. Özellikle özne ile tümleç arasındaki farka dayanan temel niteleme kuralının dışındaki kullanımlara odaklanılmış, bu kural dışı kullanımlar üzerinden tümleçler arasında yapılması mümkün bir sınıflandırma için bir ölçüt önerilmiştir.

Analisis Kesalahan Simple Past Tense pada Latihan Menulis Recount Text pada Materi Kuliah Bahasa Inggris Dasar (Studi Kasus pada Kelas 63.1C.25 Jurusan Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi & Bisnis 2022/2023 UBSI)

This study investigated the misapplication of the simple past tense formula by 43 students who attended the Basic English course at the Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Bina Sarana Informatics University. The research data was obtained from the analysis of participants' recount text writing exercises to evaluate their ability to understand the formula. The research method applied is qualitative descriptive. Research findings show one common mistake that often arises, namely in the use of sentence elements that do not conform to the simple past tense formula. The error comes from students' negligence and lack of accuracy when completing assignments, as well as the tendency to mix past tense formulas with other tenses. Data collection is carried out through direct observation of student activities. The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of common mistakes in the application of simple past tense formulas, especially in the context of teaching basic English in a university environment.

Қазақ және түрік тілдеріндегі фразеологизмдердің түрлері мен қызметтері (Б.Соқпақбаевтың «Балалық шаққа саяхат» шығармасы негізінде)

This article is based on the work of Berdibek Sokpakbayev, one of the prominent writers of Kazakh literature, entitled “Balalyk shakka sayahat”. In this work, the meanings of the Kazakh-Turkish phraseological units defined in the book were studied, and the Turkish equivalents of these regular expressions were to be given. First of all, in order to perform translation in the correct way, translator’s ability to offer the connection between sentence elements, commutative/ idiomatic expressions in words and words groups is important. When translating idioms, it is important that translator does not lose the meaning of phrase in the source language. Therefore, another purpose of the research will be identify translation problem encountered between dialect and idiom and show solutions. When the Kazakh Turkish and Turkish idioms are compared, it is also noteworthy that common idioms between the two dialects, different meaningful idioms are established with formally similar looking. This indicates the existence of “trap words” as well as “trap idioms”, which are accepted from false equivalents in inter-dialect translations.

Семантико-синтаксичний потенціал синкретичних підрядно-сурядних сполучників

Semantic and syntactic potential of syncretic subjunctive-sequential conjunctions (on the material of V. Shevchuk’s novels) The article is devoted to the analysis of the semantic and syntactic potential of syncretic conjunctions of subordinate-coordinate in the idiostyle of Valery Shevchuk. The specifics of the syncretism of connecting means were studied on the material of the novels «House on the Mountain», «On the Humble Field», «Eye of the Abyss», «The Beginning of Horror», «The Ghost of the Dead House», «Three Leaves Outside the Window». L. V. Shytyk’s classification of syncretic connectives, developed on the basis of K. G. Horodenska’s typology of conоjuctions, became important for our research. The functional potential of highlighted conjunctions of subordination-sequential as markers of semantic-syntactic relations in syncretic complex sentences was investigated. Are characterized the salient features of such semantic categories of the analyzed conjunctions as: explanatory-distinctive, accented-distinctive, explanatory-exploratory, temporal-comparative, conditional-comparative, permissive-opposite. Types of conjunctions are correlated with two types of syncretic complex sentences: subordinate in form and coordinate in meaning (explanatory and comparative subtypes) and subordinate-sequential in form and meaning (permissive-opposite subtype). Analogous semantic-syntactic relations for parceled constructions have been clarified. In the syntactic version of a simple complex sentence, the analyzed conjunctions are interpreted as markers of the separation of the secondary sentence elements and the homogeneity of the connection between the elements of the sentence. Grammatical and semantic-syntactic features of the author’s style within the boundaries of the researched topic are determined. Examples from the writer’s works confirmed the active functioning of each of the subgroups of subordination-sequential conjunctions and the peculiarities of their semantic and syntactic manifestation. Among the explanatory-distinctive conjunctions, the most actively used is – зокрема, among the accented-distinctive ones – особливо, within the explanatory-finding ones – а саме, temporal-comparative, conditional-comparative – тоді як, коли …то, permissive-opposite – хай …але, хоч …але. Quantitative indicators of the frequency of use of each сonnective mean were determined. The subgroup of accented-distinctive conjunctions is the least represented in the novels of V. Shevchuk, the group of permissive-opposite ones is the most numerous. Keywords: subordinate-coordinate conjunctions, explanatory-distinctive, accented-distinctive, explanatory-exploratory, temporal-comparative, conditional-comparative, permissive-opposite, novels of Valery Shevchuk.

Analisis Teknik Menyusun Unsur Kalimat Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menyusun Kalimat Efektif

This study is entitled "Analysis of Sentence Element Structuring Techniques to Improve the Ability to Compose Effective Sentences". The problems studied in this study are 1) How to improve the ability to compose sentences effectively through sentence element techniques in grade IX junior high school students 2) How did the behavior of grade IX junior high school students change during the study?. The purpose of this study was (1) to obtain an objective description of the improvement of the ability of grade IX junior high school students to construct effective sentences after the students were equipped to construct sentence elements and (2) to obtain an objective description of changes in student behavior during the study. This research was carried out in two stages, namely cycle I and cycle II stages. The subject of this study is the effective sentence ability of grade IX junior high school students, which must be skilled in language, improve the ability to think, reason, and broaden horizons, one way that can be taken is to improve the ability to compose effective sentences. The study is presented in the form of a cycle. The study was conducted in two cycles, namely cycle I and cycle II. Each cycle consists of four stages or steps. These steps are (1) planning, (2) action, (3) observation or observation, and (4) reflection. The four steps are always related to each other. Similarly, in its implementation, cycle I and cycle II are intertwined. Cycle I as a guideline in implementation between cycle II and cycle II is an improvement from cycle I. The results showed an increase in the ability to compose effective sentences through the technique of composing sentence elements was seen in the pretest results about composing sentence elements obtained by students with a grade average score of 5.85, while the pretest results about the ability to compose effective sentences with a class average score reached 6.35. The test results about sentence elements in cycle I reached an average score of 6.58 which means an increase of 0.73 or 1.83%, while the test results about effective sentences in cycle I obtained an average score of 7.59 which means an increase of 0.91 or 2.28%, while the test results about effective sentences in cycle II obtained an average score of 8.01 which means an increase of 0.42 or 1.05%. Improvements in student behavior were seen during the study. In the teaching and learning process of cycle I students who have behaved positively amounted to 23 students or 57.50%, while in cycle II the number increased to 32 students or by 80%. These positive behaviors are paying attention to the teacher, responding well to the speaker, asking questions when not clear, expressing opinions and doing assignments seriously.

Punic my c ms and Greek Μαιουμα(ς): a re-examination

Abstract My goal in this study is to persuade the reader that the word mycms is a compound noun with the elements /may/ + /yucmas/. I will endorse the analysis argued by Good that the Punic compound can be explained by reference to the Greek word Μαιουμα(ς), the name of a spring festival. To the cogent objections of critics of the seemingly odd compound implied by this analysis, I offer agreement, but also the further observation that linguistic theory predicts its oddness. Punic mycms provides an example of noun incorporation, a process of deriving lexemes from sentence elements.

Ömer Seyfettin’in “Ant” Hikayesinin Cümlenin Unsurları Açısından İncelenmesi

Language has been at the center of thinking, knowing, and questioning processes from ancient times to the present day, emphasizing its significance in human life. Due to its inherently multidimensional nature, language exhibits a complex structure. As a result of this complexity, it is associated with different fields, and various terms and definitions are used to describe the syntax of language structures. Although significant research has been conducted on Turkish syntax within the scope of Turkish grammar studies, the lack of a solid theoretical framework has hindered the ability to achieve the expected impact on language education. Therefore, diverse perspectives have emerged in language teaching, leading to debates on grammar. In this study, Ömer Seyfettin's story titled "Ant" has been analyzed in terms of sentence elements. The study adopts a qualitative approach, and the elements of the sentence are identified through document analysis. Based on the findings, the frequent use of short sentences and the higher density of verbs compared to other sentence components are explained. After eliminating ellipses, 90 subjects (11.5%), 230 verbs (29.44%), 134 objects (17.15%), 100 locative complements (12.8%), 98 adverbs (12.54%), 55 covert subjects (7.04%), and 74 elements outside the sentence structure (9.47%) were identified, totaling 781 sentence elements. As a result of the study, a total of 316 sentences and 1724 words were tabulated to present the numbers and percentages of verbs, subjects, covert subjects, objects, locative complements, adverbs, and elements outside the sentence structure in the story.

The effect of pretranslation techniques in developing EFL students' translation ability

Purpose English as a foreign langauge (EFL) students find it difficult to apply the theoretical knowledge they acquire on translation in the practical world. Therefore, this study explored if training in pretranslation techniques (PTTs) (syntactic parsing) as suggested by Almanna (2018) could improve the translation proficiency of Yemeni EFL students. Moreover, the study also assessed which of the PTTs the intervention helped to develop.Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a primarily experimental pre- and posttests research design, and the sample comprised of an intake class with 16 students enrolled in the fourth year, Bachelor in Education (B.Ed), Hadhramout University. Six participants were also interviewed to gather the students' perceptions on using PTTs.Findings Results showed that students' performance in translation developed significantly (Sig. = 0.002). All the six PTTs showed development, though subject, tense and aspect developed more significantly (Sig. = 0.034, 0.002, 0.001 respectively). Finally, the study reported students' positive perceptions on the importance of using PTTs before doing any translation tasks.Originality/value One of the recurrent errors that can be noticed in Yemeni EFL students' production is their inability to transfer the grammatical elements of sentences from L1 (Arabic) into L2 (English) or the visa versa. The researchers thought though translation is more than the syntactic transmission of one language into another, analyzing the elements of sentences using syntactic and semantic parsing can help students to produce acceptable texts in the target language. These claims would be proved or refuted after analyzing the experiment result of the present study.

Error Analysis of Academic Essays of Senior High School Students

Students commit errors in their writing compositions due to their lack of English language proficiency and knowledge of the writing conventions. This study sought to analyze the errors committed by Senior High School (SHS) students of the University of Mindanao in their academic essays. The study utilized Corder’s error analysis to examine 100 academic essays of students. The results revealed that under the categories of errors, mechanics has the most problematic errors with 514 error counts (46.98%), followed by omission with 228 error counts (20.84%), addition with 190 error counts (17.37%), substitution with 153 error counts (13.99%), and permutation with nine error counts (0.82%), the least problematic category. The results further revealed that the SHS students are experiencing difficulties in applying grammatical and writing rules in their academic writing, such as appropriate usage of prepositions, omission and addition of affixations, proper structure of sentences, and substituting elements of sentences. The findings imply that consciousness-raising approaches to teaching grammar be used by teachers in school to improve the students’ knowledge of the English grammar and writing conventions.

AESTHETIC THEORY IN TURKIS MUSIC PERFORMANCE METHODS

The issue of what should be the elements that make up the aesthetics in Turkish Music performance methods has not been adequately addressed scientifically. However, Turkish music contains the rich aesthetic accumulation of a deep-rooted cultural heritage that extends to the present day. It is inevitable that the aesthetic elements in the maqam, rhythm and melodic structures of Turkish Music works will make significant contributions to both academic studies and performance. In this context, aesthetics and music philosophy especially in the creation processes of musical works have a special importance. Therefore, the study of aesthetic elements in the genres and forms of Turkish Music repertoire emerges as a compulsory field. The value of aesthetics, which is defined as the way of searching for the beautiful, in Turkish Music works is directly proportional to the compositions of the makams and tempos. In the analysis of a musical work, the form that forms the building blocks of the work is very important. Aesthetic questioning on the form should be made through the elements of motif, sentence, clause and section. However, studying all of the aesthetic elements of Turkish Music, which has a very wide repertoire, requires a lot of effort and time. In this article, first of all, aesthetic perception, aesthetic attitude, aesthetic pleasure etc. related to aesthetic theory. By emphasizing the main concepts, the aesthetic elements in the performance of Turkish Music works with the aesthetic questioning method, which is one of the most basic elements of creativity, are studied under the headings by giving examples.

The Initial Expression is the Final Impression: The First Sentence of Baudelaire's "Le Peintre de la vie moderne"

Abstract: In his "Études sur Poe," Charles Baudelaire makes the following provocative remark: "Si la première phrase n'est pas écrite en vue de préparer cette impression finale, l'œuvre est manquée dès le début." This essay seeks to disinter the dialectical contradictory logic at the core of this sentence—its identification of first and final in the work of art—by submitting the injunction contained within it to Baudelaire's own work. Attending to three underexplored elements of the first sentence of "Le Peintre de la vie moderne," I claim that the 1863 text provides us with the paradigmatic example of Baudelaire's response to the injunction. The first sentence is replete with an entanglement of unresolvable contradictions that are constitutive of the forms of perception, experience, and subjectivation immanent to modern life. The "impression finale" of the work is that it extends this entanglement of contradictions to the level of a general systemic operation of irony. What the exaggerated, anatomical analysis to the opening sentence will show is that at the center of the text is the attempt to give sense to the possibility of holding fast to the experience of modern life as an experience in a constant state of disappearance that plays out at the level of form.

Ömer Seyfettin’in Yalnız Efe Hikayesinin Cümle Ögeleri Tahlili

The elements that make up the sentence are called the element of the sentence in linguistics. The main element of the sentence is the predicate. The predicate is a sentence because it expresses a judgment by itself. Apart from the predicate, the sentence also has other elements such as subject, object, place complement, adverb and non-sentence elements. These are elements that help a sentence to be understood more clearly. In this study, Ömer Seyfettin's story named "Only Efe" was examined in terms of sentence elements. The story text analyzed in our research was evaluated according to the definition and classification of the sentence elements of Muharrem Ergin. The research was created with the document analysis method using the case pattern model, which is one of the qualitative research methods. Obtained results are shown in tables and comments and evaluations are made. Keywords: Sentence item, Lonely Efe, Analysis, Omer Seyfettin, Syntax

A Set of Rules for Function-Oriented Automatic Multi-Sentence Analysis in Patents

This study proposes some rules for performing a function-oriented search (providing function and object) to extract technical systems from patents, using syntax and dependency patterns to analyse multiple sentences. Unlike the most common inter-sentence analysis methods, the proposed method does not use context information or distance to link the elements of several sentences, but generic terms from patent ontology. The content provided by the rules was entirely derived from a statistical analysis of many patents from different domains, in order to provide a general validity for the rules. The application of the method in two case studies, related to metal cutting and manure processing, highlighted its main advantages. Its degree of automation is such that the expert is almost exclusively excluded, except in the definition of the function on which to build the document pool. The precision and the recall of the results during the tests exceeded 90%. The current limitation concerns the manual control of some results, about 25%, which derive from an additional set of dependency patterns that are difficult to automate and deserve further investigation. The technical systems are many more in number and are more detailed with regard to structural aspects than those obtainable by analysing only single sentences and/or syntax.

Analysis of Arabic Language Learning Difficulties Among Students in the Qawaid Al-Lughah Al-Arabiyyah Materials

Mastery of qawaid al-lughah al-arabiyyah material is fundamental for students in the Arabic language education study program as it lays the groundwork for mastering the four essential language skills: istima', kalam, qira'ah, and kitabah. Despite its significance, students encounter difficulties in comprehending this material. This qualitative descriptive study conducted at IAIN Bone involves eight students and two lecturers from the Arabic education study program, employing in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation for data collection. The thematic analysis reveals three main findings: 1) Learning difficulties are categorized into nahwu and sharaf, encompassing challenges in grasping new terms, creating examples, applying rules, analyzing sentence elements, and understanding wazan and shigat. 2) Factors contributing to these difficulties include inadequate face-to-face learning schedules, infrequent lesson repetition, limited self-practice, excessive reliance on online learning, a less supportive environment, and insufficient learning facilities. 3) To overcome these challenges, students take individual initiatives, including self-motivation, completing learning activities, forming communication and study groups, actively participating in the learning process, and enrolling in training/courses. Addressing these challenges can enhance Arabic language education, enabling students to achieve proficiency in qawaid al-lughah al-arabiyyah and the four language skills.Keywords: Arabic learning, Learning difficulties, Nahwu, Sharaf, Qawaid al-lughah al-arabiyyah

DAMPAK DEFISIT UNSUR KALIMAT PADA FUNGSI PRAGMATIS TINDAK TUTUR ANAK DISABILITAS GANDA (Impact of Deficit Elements of Sentence there is a Pragmatic Function Speech Act of Children with Multiple Disabilities)

DAMPAK DEFISIT UNSUR KALIMAT PADA FUNGSI PRAGMATIS TINDAK TUTUR ANAK DISABILITAS GANDA (Impact of Deficit Elements of Sentence there is a Pragmatic Function Speech Act of Children with Multiple Disabilities)