Elements Of Control Research Articles

Postural Responses in Trauma-Experienced Individuals

Background: Balance and proprioception are essential elements in postural control and injury prevention. Proprioception, the body’s sense of position and movement, is closely tied to balance, which depends on input from the visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems. This article explores the link between trauma experiences and proprioceptive dysfunction, emphasizing how heightened muscle tone, dissociation, and altered sensory processing contribute to balance issues and the risk of injury. Method: The study included 48 participants, aged 18–25. Participants completed the Emotional Regulation Scale, Dissociative Experiences Scale II, and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, after which they had to stand on a BTrackS Balance Plate while being exposed to images that are designed to evoke emotions from the OASIS image set. The balance plate software calculated outcomes of the participants’ postural sway (total sway, sway area, root mean square (RMS) to the mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) way, and excursion to ML and AP ways). Results: Dissociative experience shows significant correlation with RMS ML when viewing positive pictures (rτ = 0.207, p = 0.045) and when viewing negative pictures again; scores with RMS ML (rτ = 0.204, p = 0.049) but also with RMS AP (rτ = 0.209, p = 0.042) and with Excursion ML (rτ = 0.200, p = 0.049) were significant. Experiences of physical abuse affected certain indicators of postural sway when viewing positive images compared to participants with no such experience (sway area: U = 374.50, p = 0.027; RMS AP: U = 383.50, p = 0.016; Excursion ML: U = 397.00, p = 0.007). Similarly, physical neglect affected postural sway during viewing of negative images (sway area: U = 366.50, p = 0.003; RMS AP: U = 371.00, p = 0.004; Excursion ML: U = 347.00, p = 0.034; and Excursion AP: U = 353.00, p = 0.010). Conclusions: The study highlights that dissociation disrupts balance in trauma survivors, especially under emotional stress which highlights the potential for motor-based treatments.

Method for implementing standardized work as an additional element of location-based planning and control

Resumo Trabalho Padronizado (TP) é uma abordagem originária da indústria da manufatura que visa a padronizar e melhorar a eficiência dos ciclos de operações com base na Filosofia da Produção Enxuta. O TP tem o potencial de apoiar a implementação do Planejamento e Controle Baseado em Localização (LBPC), pois permite equilibrar a carga de trabalho entre os trabalhadores ou equipes, contribuindo para a sincronização de processos. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um método para implementação do TP como um elemento adicional do LBPC. Design Science Research foi a abordagem metodológica utilizada, sendo conduzido um estudo empírico em uma empresa atuante no mercado imobiliário, na qual o método para implementação do TP foi concebido e implementado. Os seguintes benefícios foram identificados no estudo: aumento do grau de padronização das operações, melhoria na sincronização entre processos, aumento do engajamento da mão-de-obra com padrões de processo, e melhoria em termos de confiabilidade em relação a prazos. A principal contribuição desta pesquisa para o avanço do conhecimento foi a adaptação da abordagem do TP ao contexto da construção civil como um elemento adicional do LBPC.

Sleep Treatment Education Program for Cancer Survivors: Protocol for an Efficacy Trial.

Cancer survivors are at increased risk for chronic insomnia, even years after treatment completion. As insomnia is associated with a variety of long-term health consequences, access to insomnia treatment is critically important for the survivor population. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) is the recommended first-line treatment for insomnia but remains largely unavailable to survivors. Treatment barriers include geographic limitations, a shortage of trained providers, and demanding treatment regimens. Designed with these limitations in mind, the Sleep Treatment Education Program (STEP-1) delivers components of CBTI in a low-intensity educational intervention delivered online. This is a phase II pilot randomized controlled trial. The primary aims are to test the efficacy of STEP-1 to improve (1) insomnia symptoms and (2) mood in cancer survivors compared to a control condition. The secondary aims will (1) explore participant factors associated with clinically significant response, (2) evaluate acceptability of the control intervention, (3) explore feasibility of delivering individualized coaching sessions for participants who do not have a significant response to STEP-1, and (4) describe participants' satisfaction with STEP-1 and suggestions for improvement. This 2-arm randomized controlled trial enrolled 70 off-treatment cancer survivors aged 40-89 years with clinically significant insomnia. Participants are randomized to receive either the STEP-1 intervention or control condition (relaxation education); interventions are delivered in one-on-one, synchronous, virtual videoconference sessions by trained interventionists. The STEP-1 intervention presents educational information on the development of insomnia after cancer and offers suggestions for improving insomnia symptoms based on the CBTI elements of sleep hygiene, stimulus control, and cognitive restructuring. With the interventionist, participants review the suggestions and develop a personalized sleep action plan for implementation. The relaxation education session provides information on the potential benefits of relaxation and how to independently access online relaxation exercises. The Insomnia Severity Index is used to measure insomnia symptoms, and the Profile of Mood States Short Form is used to measure mood at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks after intervention. The primary end point is change in the Insomnia Severity Index score at 8 weeks, and the secondary end point is change in mood symptoms (Profile of Mood States Short Form) at 8 weeks. This trial was funded in July 2022. Enrollment and data collection began in February 2023 and concluded in October 2024, with 70 participants enrolled. The analysis will begin in fall 2024, and the results are expected in winter 2025. Trial results will determine if STEP-1 effects go beyond those that could be attributed to placebo and other nonspecific treatment factors. Should results support the efficacy of STEP-1 to improve mood and insomnia symptoms, we anticipate developing efficacy and implementation trials of STEP-1 in larger and more diverse samples. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05519982; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05519982. DERR1-10.2196/60762.

Influence of hydrotherapy on change in weight: a narrative review.

There is a growing interest in weight loss in today's world. Environmental factors are the main contributor behind the rapidly spreading obesity during pandemic. Exercise and diet are two controllable elements that significantly effect on energy balance., The use of cold application such as cold-water immersion, cold abdominal pack, balneotherapy, cold exposure, water drinking, steam, and sauna sessions, has shown a positive impact in weight management. This review explains the mechanism and various types of hydrotherapy applications managing weight through thermogenesis and non-shivering thermogenic pathways, which involve the brown adipose tissue, and dependent on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Hence the present literature provides insight into use of hydrotherapy applications for future direction in weight management.

The possibilities of field geophysical surveys for the diagnosis of horizontal wells with different types of completion

Background. Over the past decades, the design of production directional and horizontal wells has changed significantly. Currently, wells have a more complex trajectory, and their development control requires new approaches. Field geophysical surveys are an integral element of system control at any stage of the development of oil and gas fields. Objective. To systematize the experience of conducting field geophysical surveys in horizontal wells with different types of shanks. Materials and methods. Field geophysical surveys, which are included in both the standard and extended complexes, are designed to evaluate directly working sections of the studied geological objects, determine the inflow profile or intake capacity of production wells and establish the composition of the inflow with the allocation of the main phases. Results. The work shows the experience of conducting field geophysical surveys, and their informative possibilities depending on the type of horizontal completion of the well. The most informative research methods and technologies for studying an object with various layout variations are considered. The analysis of the influence of the complexities of the operation of low-permeability reservoirs and the choice of the optimal set of methods are carried out; recommendations on the optimal completion for horizontal wells are given. Conclusions. The obtained results will ensure the most cost-effective operation and the obtainment of more informative field geophysical survey results, which will allow to timely adjust well operation and conduct geological and technological measures.

Determine the Balance of Nitrogen, Potassium, and Silicon Fertilization for the Control of Rice Tungro Disease Using Response Surface Methodology

This study evaluates the efficacy of combined N, K, and Si treatments to find the balance of these three elements for tungro disease control and rice grain production. The study was conducted in a pot under a glasshouse. These elements were chosen as several findings have indicated the positive benefits of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and silicon (Si) fertilization on plant development, yield, and biotic stress relief. The methods used were central composite design and response surface methodology. Complete and balanced nutrition has always been the first line of defense for plants due to the direct involvement of mineral elements in plant protection. The results showed that rice tungro disease could be controlled with 138:42:62:200 (N:P2O5:K2O:Si). A high rate of nitrogen is needed to reduce disease development. The results on N may explain that not all conditions of rice plants are at risk with high N rates. Adding Si fertilizer contributes to plant defense mechanisms and plays a role in yield formation. In contrast, the balance of fertilizer for maximizing grain yield per plant was found to be not dependent on nitrogen but needed either low K (62 kg K2O/ha) or high K (80 kg K2O/ha) but with moderate Si (150 kg Si/ha). Prioritizing tungro disease control and adopting the rate of N:K2O:Si (138:62:200), it was found that there was a yield reduction of an average of 7.7%.

Construction and performance analysis of DC servo system based on operational amplifier

Abstract. The motivation for researching modelling the severe motor system is its frequent use in applications that demand accurate control of position, speed, or force. Examples include robots and CNC machines, extensively employed and advanced in modern manufacturing processes. The application field of this technology is expanding significantly due to the increasing demand for automation in modern times. In order to achieve seamless integration of the system, using Op-Amp as the central element for signal processing and control is crucial. This research aims to determine the methodology for utilising an operational amplifier (Op-Amp) to construct a model for a direct current (DC) servo motor. Additionally, the research aims to develop a control system and do circuit board simulations.The outcome of this research is to implement theoretical principles into a design model, identify the most appropriate system for this model and develop the corresponding circuit board. This study aims to incorporate a control system to regulate server motors, effectively enhancing the automation process.

Informant discrepancy profiles of helicopter parenting and adult children's partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors.

Helicopter parenting is a distinctive, intrusive parenting approach characterized by high involvement, elements of control, and limited autonomy granted. It may impact adult children's engagement in partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors. However, little research has assessed the patterns of parent-child perception differences regarding helicopter parenting and their connections to these behaviors. This study aimed to identify profiles of informant discrepancies regarding helicopter parenting within Chinese families and explore their associations with adult children's partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors. Matched data from fathers, mothers, and adult children in one hundred and ninety-six intact families were included. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted, identifying four profiles: parents over child (13.78%), child moderately over mother and moderately under father (17.35%), no consistent disagreements (49.49%), and child over parents (19.39%). Children whose perceptions aligned with their parents reported fewer partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors, compared to those whose perceptions exceeded their parents'. Similarly, children whose perceptions were lower than their parents' also reported fewer partner-controlled behaviors compared to those with higher perceptions. The findings provide evidence for understanding dynamic patterns of informant discrepancies regarding helicopter parenting in Chinese families and support the development of family-based interventions to address partner-controlling and partner-controlled behaviors.

The Discretionary Power of Street‐Level Bureaucrats From the Perspective of Illusio

ABSTRACTInterrogating the tension between care and control in the work of social services staff in Belgian immigration detention centres, this article sheds light on the uses of discretion from the perspective of Bourdieu's concept of illusio. I argue that social services staff's use of discretionary power must be understood at the crossroads of their belief in their professional ethos and the power relations within these centres, which enabled them to frame the element of control as something they had to deal with professionally, rather than something to which they contributed. This sheds light on both the uses of discretion as well as on the articulation of care and control in border humanitarianism.

Upstairs, Downstairs - conserved and divergent CLAVATA signalling in shoot meristem development and root symbioses.

The CLV3/EMBRYO-SURROUNDING REGION (CLE) peptides control plant development and response to the environment. Key conserved roles include the regulation of shoot apical meristems and the long-distance control of root colonisation by nutrient-acquiring microbes, including the widespread symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nodulation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legumes. At least some signalling elements appear to operate across both processes but clear gaps in our understanding remain. In legumes, although CLE peptide signalling has been examined in detail in symbioses, the role of this pathway in SAM development of legumes is poorly understood. In this Research in Context, we review the literature to clarify the conserved and divergent elements of the CLAVATA-CLE peptide signalling pathways that control SAM, mycorrhizal colonisation and nodulation. We used novel pea mutants to determine the role of CLE signalling in regulating SAM development of a model legume, including interaction with temperature. We found that in pea both genetic and environmental buffering of the CLE pathway influences SAM development. In pea, the CLAVATA2 (CLV2) CLE receptor-like protein and the unknown gene product encoded by the K301 gene are required to limit SAM size and floral organ production under cool temperatures. In contrast, the CLAVATA1 receptor-like kinase promotes SAM proliferation and appears to do so via a CLV2-independent pathway. In contrast, we found no role for the RDN1 enzyme, capable of arabinosylating CLE peptides, in SAM development. Future studies in other legumes are required to examine the role of other CLE peptide signalling elements in SAM control. Studies in non-vascular mycorrhizal hosts could explore if symbioses control is also an ancestral role for this signalling pathway.

Spreading Sankofa

Epistemicide is the devaluing, silencing, or annihilation of knowledge and encompasses systematic knowledge destruction enacted through accumulation of epistemic injustices. Considering prior epistemicide research in LIS––in conjunction with critical, historical, and philosophical perspectives of technology––this paper examines how epistemicide occurs by and through digital technologies, constituting what we call digital epistemicide. The social, cultural, and historical epistemic injustices enabled through technology––and the proliferation of epistemic injustices in digital worlds––demands a theorization of how epistemicide occurs in digital contexts. By considering elements of power, domination, and control in relation to digital technologies, we contribute to a critically informed meta-language for describing digital epistemicide. With concern and care for the next generation of library and information professionals, we call for an enactment of Sankofa Interventions. These include everyday dialogues, practices, policies, actions, or critical reflections that engage with historical narratives from the past, absent from discourses of the present, in a manner that emulates the notion of Sankofa. The enactment of Sankofa interventions to mitigate digital epistemicide, such as reparative storytelling and other critical digital pedagogical practices, requires both ongoing attention to digitizing records that have been left behind and likewise ensuring that digital worlds are well maintained to support the preservation and sharing of knowledge.

Anisotropic programmable metasurfaces with individually controllable 2-bit elements

Programmable metasurfaces capable of manipulating electromagnetic (EM) waves in real time provide new opportunities for various exciting applications. However, most previous programmable metasurfaces only work in a single polarization mode and their elements are controlled in a whole or one-dimensional way, which limits functionality and adaptability to complex environments. Here, an anisotropic programmable metasurface with individually controllable elements is proposed to realize real-time and independent dual-polarized EM control in the two-dimension direction. The anisotropic metasurface element is designed using the ingenious cross-over resonant structure integrated with two sets of varactors to achieve 2-bit phase modulation in the respective polarization direction. As a demonstration, an anisotropic programmable metasurface prototype with 21×20 such elements is simulated, fabricated, and measured. Real-time beam scanning and vortex wave generation are verified respectively under two different polarized wave incidences, which indicates that the realized anisotropic programmable metasurface can achieve totally distinct functionalities for two orthogonal polarizations. Our work could push programmable metasurfaces one step closer towards more advanced information devices and complicated applications in communication and imaging.

Development of means for suppressing the negative effects of interaction between the pilot and reentry and other high-speed vehicles

Several novel active and passive means for the suppression of pilot-induced oscillations are considered in the paper. The potential of the proposed means in eliminating Category I, II, and III pilot-induced oscillations was studied in ground-based simulation for two controlled element dynamics corresponding to an aerospace vehicle and a second-generation supersonic transport. The experiments demonstrated that the highest effectiveness in suppressing pilot-induced oscillations and improving task performance is provided by integrating both proposed active suppressors with one of the passive prefilters.

Two-Stage Optimization Scheduling of Integrated Energy Systems Considering Demand Side Response

This study proposes a two-level optimization scheduling method for multi-region integrated energy systems (IESs) that considers dynamic time intervals within the day, addressing the diverse energy characteristics of electricity, heat, and cooling. The day-ahead scheduling aims to minimize daily operating costs by optimally regulating controllable elements. For intra-day scheduling, a predictive control-based dynamic rolling optimization model is utilized, with the upper-level model handling slower thermal energy fluctuations and the lower-level model managing faster electrical energy fluctuations. Building on the day-ahead plan, different time intervals are used for fast and slow layers. The slow layer establishes a decision index for command cycle intervals, dynamically adjusting based on ultra-short-term forecasts and incremental balance corrections. Case studies demonstrate that this method effectively leverages energy network characteristics, optimizes scheduling intervals, reduces adjustment costs, and enhances system performance, achieving coordinated operation of the IES network and multi-energy equipment.

Chemical characteristics of Salix psammophila sand barriers are accelerated degradation by ultraviolet irradiation and water.

The implementation of Salix psammophila sand barriers measures constitutes a crucial element in desertification control, providing a solid theoretical foundation for the future application and pretreatment of sand barriers in production practices. To address the specific damage types predominant in desert environments, we executed simulations of ultraviolet irradiation and rainfall phenomena on mechanical sand barriers in sandy areas and also inspected the variations in chemical properties during accelerated aging processes. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that: (1) The synergistic impact of ultraviolet irradiation and water accelerated the deformation and fracturing of the S.psammophila sand barriers, thereby causing a partial degradation of its chemical properties and conspicuous lignin oxidation; (2) The fissure of the sand barrier deepened, resulting in structural alterations. The existence of water expedites the degradation process of S.psammophila sand barriers under ultraviolet irradiation. (3)With respect to the binding form of C atoms, the carbon atoms at S.psammophila sand barriers were highly oxidized after 576 hours of accelerated aging. The components of C2 (C-O) and C3 (C=O) rising to 40.16% and 12.24% respectively, while the components of C1 (C-C) declined to 47.60%. The amount of hydroxyl (O-C-O), carbonyl (C=O), and carboxyl (O-C=O) groups increases in line with the expansion of the contact area between the sand barrier structure and ultraviolet irradiation as well as water. More free radical substances are generated, thereby causing the chemical binding properties to tend to be more stable. In summary, Ultraviolet irradiation and water change are the primary factors influencing the degradation of S.psammophila sand barriers material structure and properties. In future desertification control, it is imperative to focus on enhancing the longevity of sand barriers by ensuring their waterproofing capabilities and resistance to ultraviolet irradiation.

Collaborative operation of active distribution network considering PV-storage-charging-compensation

Abstract With the conjunction of clean energy generation and electric cars, the power distribution network is gradually shifting from a traditional one-way radiative network to an active network. Coordinated control of these controllable elements of “source-grid-load-storage” can improve the operating voltage level and economic benefits, and reduce the load peak and off-peak difference. A collaborative dispatch model for active power distribution networks including PV-storage-charging-compensation is constructed in this paper, with the goal of minimizing network losses and PV curtailment costs. The cone transformation is used to handle non-linear constraints of power flow. Compared with existing ordered charging control methods, the constructed model can maximize the control efficiency of the distribution grid, enhance the PV absorption capacity, and effectively slow down the upgrading and renovation of the distribution network.

Politicized caring as anti-carceral pedagogy: An ethnographic case study of a Black woman educator

ABSTRACT The “racialized social control infrastructure” of schools refers to the over-emphasis on controlling the behaviors and bodies of Black, and other, students of color. Politicized caring, or the strategic prioritization of the needs and desires of those traditionally marginalized, may be disruptive to it. The objective of this analysis is (1) to describe how one Black female educator enacts a pedagogy of politicized caring on a day-to-day basis and (2) to investigate how it intersects with one school’s social control infrastructure. Arising from a longitudinal, collaborative research partnership with a predominantly Black high school, the analysis features two years of data with over 80 observations and 13 interviews. The findings identify five discrete forms of enactment of politicized caring and shows how the educator uses them to buffer her students from the harsher elements of social control. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

The role of technology in modern industrial processes: a comparative analysis of automated, automatic and mechanical systems

In the modern technological sphere, systems are categorized into various types based on their level of complexity and functional capabilities. The primary types are mechanical, automatic, and automated systems. Each of these types has its unique characteristics and areas of application. Mechanical systems are the simplest of all. They consist primarily of physical components such as gears, levers, and springs, which interact to perform specific tasks. These systems typically lack built-in control or regulation mechanisms, and their operation is based on basic mechanical principles. Examples of mechanical systems include simple clock mechanisms or traditional measuring devices. Automatic systems represent an evolutionary step beyond mechanical systems, as they include elements for automatic control. These may be electrical or electronic components that enable the system to perform certain operations without direct human intervention. For example, automatic doors or thermostats that regulate room temperature are examples of such systems. They can respond to changing conditions and perform tasks based on predefined parameters. Automated systems, in turn, are the most complex and integrated. They combine automatic control with software and advanced management systems, allowing them to adapt to changing environmental conditions and make decisions independently. Automated systems may include elements of artificial intelligence and machine learning, enabling them to perform complex tasks such as data processing or optimizing production processes. Examples include industrial robotic lines or management systems in distribution networks. Thus, the main differences between these systems lie in their level of complexity and functional capabilities: mechanical systems are based on simple physical principles, automatic systems contain elements of automatic control, and automated systems provide a high level of integration and autonomy.

Analisis Sistem Pengendalian Intern Persediaan Pada PT Wahana Subur Jaya

This research aims to find out and analyze the description of the internal control system for inventory of goods implemented at PT Wahana Subur Jaya. The type of research used in this research is qualitative research using comparative descriptive research methods. Data collection techniques are carried out by means of interviews and observations based on elements of internal control consisting of: 1) organizational structure that clearly separates functional responsibilities, 2) authorization system and recording procedures, 3) healthy practices, 4) high quality employees according to his responsibilities. From the research results, the internal inventory control system implemented by PT Wahana Subur Jaya is adequate. However, there are still some that do not comply with the elements of internal control according to the theory where there are several overlapping tasks in running the organization and the separation of functional responsibilities of the warehouse admin section.

Development of heat and mass transfer modulus to Feflow code for calculation of brine loaded to permafrost ground

The article discusses the application of FreezeThaw75 module, developed by one of the authors to calculate heat and mass transfer taking into account water–ice and ice–water–water phase transitions. Numerical simulations are compared with the analytical solution and other software codes. The module was tested at one of the injection sites in Daldino-Alakitskii district of Yakutia. FreezeThaw75 module was developed in relation to Feflow v7.4–7.5 model environment. The module was tested on a model of brine injection into frozen rocks. The model simultaneously takes into account the movement of groundwater flow, heat and mass transfer and phase transitions. A feature of the calculations in the developed model is the consideration of large injected volumes of highly mineralized brines.It influences the degradation of permafrost and takes into account the cryohydrogeological conditions of the site. Brines are injected into permafrost rocks with a high absorption capacity especially in areas confined to zones of tectonic disturbances. The developed module can adjust the predicted potential of the operated injection sites. It can also act as an additional element of control over the injection process and the formation of an artificial aquifer in the permafrost rocks.