Electrospinning Research Articles

Effect of Ni doping on the acetone vapor sensing performance of ZnO nanofibers

Nickel-doped zinc oxide (NiZ) nanofibres (NFs) were fabricated using sol-gel electrospinning (ES) technique followed by pyrolysis from an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol/zinc acetate/nickel acetate tetrahydrate. The morphology of the NiZ NFs was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which revealed a uniform and well-defined fibrous structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated complete removal of the organic phase from NiZ NFs during pyrolysis. The structural analysis confirmed the incorporation of Nickel (Ni) into the Zinc oxide (ZnO) lattice without altering its wurtzite crystal structure. The optical properties and bandgap variations were evaluated using UV-visible spectroscopy, which indicated a bandgap narrowing with increasing Nickel doping. The Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of defect states and recombination processes in the NFs. The gas sensing performance was investigated by measuring the response to various analytes at a concentration of 50 ppm with varying operating temperatures. The results indicated that the highest response was observed for 5 w% NiZ NFs towards acetone vapors. The response and recovery time were recorded at 80 seconds and 60 seconds. The enhanced sensitivity is attributed to the optimal doping concentration, which significantly improves the surface reaction and charge carrier mobility.

Key Advances in Solution Blow Spinning of Polylactic-Acid-Based Materials: A Prospective Study on Uses and Future Applications

Solution blow spinning (SBS) is a versatile and cost-effective technique for producing nanofibrous materials. It is based on the principles of other spinning methods as electrospinning (ES), which creates very thin and fine fibers with controlled morphologies. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer derived from renewable resources, is widely used in biomedical fields, environmental protection, and packaging. This review provides a theoretical background for PLA, focusing on its properties that are associated with structural characteristics, such as crystallinity and thermal behavior. It also discusses various methods for producing fibrous materials, with particular emphasis on ES and SBS and on describing in more detail the main properties of the SBS method, along with its processing conditions and potential applications. Additionally, this review examines the properties of nanofibrous materials, particularly PLA-based nanofibers, and the new applications for which it is thought that they may be more useful, such as drug delivery systems, wound healing, tissue engineering, and food packaging. Ultimately, this review highlights the potential of the SBS method and PLA-based nanofibers in various new applications and suggests future research directions to address existing challenges and further enhance the SBS method and the quality of fibrous materials.

Multichannel Carbon Nanofibers: Pioneering the Future of Energy Storage.

Multichannel carbon nanofibers (MCNFs), characterized by complex hierarchical structures comprising multiple channels or compartments, have attracted considerable attention owing to their high porosity, large surface area, good directionality, tunable composition, and low density. In recent years, electrospinning (ESP) has emerged as a popular synthetic technique for producing MCNFs with exceptional properties from various polymer blends, driven by phase separation between polymers. These interactions, including van der Waals forces, covalent bonding, and ionic interactions, are crucial for MCNF production. Over time, the applications of MCNFs have expanded, making them one of the most intriguing topics in material research. MCNFs with tailored porous channels, controllable dimensions, confined spaces, high surface areas, designed architectures, and easy electrolyte access to active walls are considered optimal for electrochemical energy storage (EES) technologies. This review provides an exhaustive overview of the working principle, synthesis methods, and structural properties of MCNFs, and examines their advantages, limitations, and potential for producing multichannel architectures. Furthermore, this review explores the relationship between the composition of MCNF electrode materials for EES devices (supercapacitors and batteries) and their electrochemical performance. This review also addresses future directions and challenges in the development and utilization of MCNFs and provides insights into potential research avenues for advancing this exciting field.

Optimization of solvent system for chitosan/polylactic acid/nanocellulose nanofibers using needleless electrospinning

AbstractNeedless electrospinning (NES) is the most advanced and robust method to generate biopolymeric nanofibers. NES overcomes the needle clogging and low throughput issues of conventional needle based electrospinning (ES). However, the issue with all ES techniques is the absence of generalized methods in the literature, and most of the work is being done empirically. The solvent system dictates the feasibility of the ES process, and solvent system based studies can help create more generalized ES methods. The current work provides a systematic approach to fabricating tribiopolymeric nanofibers. NES was used to fabricate chitosan (CS)/polylactic acid (PLA)/nanocellulose (NCC) based nanofibers by optimizing the solvent system using dichloromethane (DCM) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). Biopolymeric blend PLA/CS/NCC (10:0.1:0.05 w/v %) in various formulated solvent systems were made and analyzed for their physical properties (sedimentation rate, particle size, viscosity, and surface tension) and subjected to NES. The binary solvent system SS91 (DCM (90):TFA (10) %) showed the lowest sedimentation rate and viscosity while the highest particle size and surface tension, resulting in the beads free nanofibers. The viscosity and surface tension comparison were used to determine a critical point for the feasibility of nanofiber fabrication. Overall, the study showed a systematic approach for fabricating complex tri‐biopolymeric nanofibers in future.

Electrospinning and melt electrowriting of a tunable triblock-copolymer composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(L-lactic acid) for biomedical applications

Both electrospinning (ES) and melt electrowriting (MEW) garner emerging interest within the field of biomedical applications. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is still the gold standard for both techniques, demonstrating excellent processability due to its solubility, melt flow properties and thermal stability. However, when evaluating biomaterials for soft tissue applications, PCL exhibits limitations such as low elasticity and extended biodegradation times. Additionally, the limited availability of materials that are processable by MEW constrains their broader clinical translation. To address this limitation, a tunable triblock-copolymer of PCL and poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) is synthesized and processed using ES and MEW. This synthesis employs a PCL-diol backbone with a molar mass of 30 000 g mol-1, to which various lengths of PLLA end-blocks are added on both termini (PLLA-b-PCL-b-PLLA). The successful incorporation of these tunable end-blocks is verified through spectroscopic analysis. The ES of PLLA-b-PCL-b-PLLA reveals excellent fiber formation, with fiber diameters ranging between 2–4 µm as the PLLA molar mass increases. The tunable nature of the polymer allows for MEW at 90 °C, producing fibers with diameters ranging between 40–50 µm. Additionally, the materials exhibit adjustable mechanical properties and biodegradation rates by varying the PLLA segment lengths. Finally, in vitro cell testing using MC3T3-E1 cells demonstrates the polymer's excellent biocompatibility.

PVA-based formulations as a design-technology platform for orally disintegrating film matrices

In the majority of pharmaceutical applications, polymers are employed extensively in a diverse range of pharmaceutical products, serving as indispensable components of contemporary solid oral dosage forms. A comprehensive understanding of the properties of polymers and selection the appropriate methods of characterization is essential for the design and development of novel drug delivery systems and manufacturing processes. Orally disintegrating film (ODF) formulations are considered to be a potential substitute to traditional oral dosage forms and an alternative method of drug administration for children and uncooperative adult patients, including those with swallowing difficulties. A multitude of pharmaceutical formulations with varying mechanical and biopharmaceutical properties have emerged from the modification of the original polymeric bulk. Here we propose different formulation approaches, i.e. solvent casting (SC), 3D printing (3DP), electrospinning (ES), and lyophilization (LP) that enabled us to adjust the disintegration time and the release profile of poorly water soluble haloperidol (HAL, BCS class II) from PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) based polymer films while maintaining similar hydrogel composition. In this study, the solubility of haloperidol in aqueous solution was improved by the addition of lactic acid. The prepared films were evaluated for their morphology (SEM, micro-CT), physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties. TMDSC, TGA and PXRD were employed for extensive thermal and structural analysis of fabricated materials and their stability. These results allowed us to establish correlations between preparation technology, structural characteristics and properties of PVA films and to adapt the suitable manufacturing technique of the ODFs to achieve appropriate HAL dissolution behaviour.

Multifunctional Bionic Periosteum with Ion Sustained-Release for Bone Regeneration.

In this study, a novel bionic periosteum (BP)-bioactive glass fiber membrane (BGFM) is designed. The introduction of magnesium ion (Mg2+) and zinc ion (Zn2+) change the phase separation during the electrospinning (ES) jet stretching process. The fiber's pore structure transitions from connected to closed pores, resulting in a decrease in the rapid release of metal ions while also improving degradation via reducing filling quality. Additionally, the introduction of magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) lead to the formation of negative charged tetrahedral units (MgO4 2- and ZnO4 2-) in the glass network. These units effectively trap positive charged metal ions, further inhibiting ion release. In vitro experiments reveal that the deigned bionic periosteum regulates the polarization of macrophages toward M2 type, thereby establishing a conducive immune environment for osteogenic differentiation. Bioinformatics analysis indicate that BP enhanced bone repair via the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. The slow release of metal ions from the bionic periosteum can directly enhance osteogenic differentiation and vascularization, thereby accelerating bone regeneration. Finally, the bionic periosteum exhibits remarkable capabilities in angiogenesis and osteogenesis, demonstrating its potential for bone repair in a rat calvarial defect model.

Electropsun non-woven luminescent two-dye pH sensors: Effect of morphology on the sensing performance

Electrospun (ES) non-woven matrices are regarded as promising platforms for the development of miniaturized sensing systems with improved detection capacity. Their high specific surface area and void-to-volume ratio are expected to promote higher and faster interaction of the sensing molecular probes with the target stimuli increasing sensor sensitivity and response time. However, the poor light transparency of ES non-woven mats appears as the main limiting effect regarding their use as optical sensor platforms being important to determine to what extent it affects the sensor prediction accuracy. This work addresses this question providing a comparative analysis of the performance of flat cast and ES non-woven cellulose acetate luminescent platforms loaded with a pH sensitive dye-pair, i.e. fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and rhodamine 6 G (R6G). This study follows a comprehensive approach aiming at clarifying the effect of the platform morphology on the sensitivity of their spectral properties to pH and to understand about the advantages of using dual dye systems for pH detection. The presence of R6G improved remarkably the sensitivity of these ES matrices extending the analytical capacity of the probes to the alkaline range. The emission of ES matrices showed stronger sensitivity to pH. However, pH prediction accuracy was found to depend crucially on a synergistic effect from the platform morphology and the signal analysis methodology. ES non-woven matrices allows for accurate pH prediction, characterized by determination errors < 10 % for pH < 10, by exponential analysis of the dye-pair emission at λExc of 450 nm and λEm of 519 nm. Furthermore, it shows a strong reduction of the determination errors, at extremely acidic conditions, resulting in values comparable to that obtained by analysis of the emission signal from flat cast platforms with more complex Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) methodologies.

Fibrin-Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for the Differentiation of Human Neural Progenitor Cells into Dopaminergic Neurons.

Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive central nervous system disorder marked by involuntary movements, poses a significant challenge in neurodegenerative research due to the gradual degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Early diagnosis and understanding of PD's pathogenesis could slow disease progression and improve patient management. In vitro modeling with DA neurons derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) offers a promising approach. These neurons can be cultured on electrospun (ES) nanofibrous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, but PCL's hydrophobic nature limits cell adhesion. We investigated the ability of ES PCL scaffolds coated with hydrophilic extracellular matrix-based biomaterials, including cell basement membrane proteins, Matrigel, and Fibrin, to enhance NPC differentiation into DA neurons. We hypothesized that fibrin-coated scaffolds would maximize differentiation based on fibrin's known benefits in neuronal tissue engineering. The scaffolds both coated and uncoated were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance, and dynamic mechanical analysis to assess their properties. NPCs were seeded on the coated scaffolds, differentiated, and matured into DA neurons. Immunocytochemistry targeting tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and SEM confirmed DA neuronal differentiation and morphological changes. Electrophysiology via microelectrode array recorded their neuronal firing. Results showed enhanced neurite extension, increased TH expression, and active electrical activity in cells on fibrin-coated scaffolds. Diluted fibrin coatings particularly promoted more pronounced neuronal differentiation and maturation. This study introduces a novel tissue-on-a-chip platform for neurodegenerative disease research using DA neurons.

Controlling Mechanical Properties of Medical-Grade Scaffolds through Electrospinning Parameter Selection.

Electrospinning (ES) is a versatile process mode for creating fibrous materials with various structures that have broad applications ranging from regenerative medicine to tissue engineering and surgical mesh implants. The recent commercialization of this technology for implant use has driven the use of resorbable electrospun products. Resorbable electrospun meshes offer great promise as temporary implants that can utilize the layer upon layer method of additive manufacturing to incorporate porosity as a function of process parameters into a scaffold structure. The interconnected porosity and feature size known to ES have previously been observed to hold great potential for simulating the natural cellular environment of soft tissue. This microstructure, proper degradation kinetics, and mechanical properties combine to provide the design basis for artificial tissue structures that could aid in not only wound healing but also true tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. While current advancement in the field is understood to be limited by material properties, the importance of optimizing mechanical properties with currently available materials should not be overlooked. This work investigated the process parameter effects and interactions that control the structure-property relationship for a range of medical-grade aliphatic polyester materials with a range of intrinsic properties. An ε-caprolactone homopolymer (PCL), l-lactide homopolymer (PLLA), and Lactoflex, a copolymer with intermediate properties relative to the homopolymers, were characterized before, during, and after the additive manufacturing process. The interacting effects of process parameters, distance to collector, and dispensing rate were shown to produce variable-density, nonwoven scaffold structures. The resorbable mesh scaffolds of PLLA, PCL, and Lactoflex demonstrated a broad range of mechanical properties (approximately 1-10 MPa ultimate tensile strength and 5-390 MPa tensile modulus). Postprocessing of scaffolds demonstrated removal of solvents and preservation of micrometer-sized features. Resorbable polymers and electrospinning can produce scaffold materials with excellent features and offer tremendous potential in the field of implantable resorbable devices.

In vitro experimental conditions and tools can influence the safety and biocompatibility results of antimicrobial electrospun biomaterials for wound healing.

Electrospun (ES) fibrous nanomaterials have been widely investigated as novel biomaterials. These biomaterials have to be safe and biocompatible; hence, they need to be tested for cytotoxicity before being administered to patients. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable and biorelevant in vitro cytotoxicity assay for ES biomaterials (e.g. wound dressings). We compared different in vitro cytotoxicity assays, and our model wound dressing was made from polycaprolactone and polyethylene oxide and contained chloramphenicol as the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Baby Hamster Kidney cells (BHK-21), human primary fibroblasts and MTS assays together with real-time cell analysis were selected. The extract exposure and direct contact safety evaluation setups were tested together with microscopic techniques. We found that while extract exposure assays are suitable for the initial testing, the biocompatibility of the biomaterial is revealed in in vitro direct contact assays where cell interactions with the ES wound dressing are evaluated. We observed significant differences in the experimental outcome, caused by the experimental set up modification such as cell line choice, cell medium and controls used, conducting the phosphate buffer washing step or not. A more detailed technical protocol for the in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of ES wound dressings was developed.

Chitosan/PCL fibrous membranes loaded potassium cinnamate/β-CD clathrate compounds developed by ELS for fruit preservation

In this study, Potassium cinnamate (PC)/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) clathrate compounds were self-assembled by ultrasound-guided, and Chitosan (CS)/Polycaprolactone (PCL) fibrous membranes were fabricated by electrospinning (ELS) to load the clathrate compounds. FTIR and XRD patterns confirmed the successful assembly of the clathrate compounds and the formation of hydrogen bonds between the clathrate compounds and the CS/PCL fibrous membrane. With the addition of the clathrate compounds, the membrane showed decreased crystallinity, increased thermal stability, hydrophilicity, and brittleness, and exhibited a sustained release of PC for 240 h. More importantly, the series of fibrous membranes showed good antibacterial activity in vitro and on cherries, which provided an important reference value for the application of fibrous composites in prolonging the shelf life of fruits.

Highly controlled multiplex electrospinning

Applications of electrospinning (ES) range from fabrication of biomedical devices and tissue regeneration scaffolds to light manipulation and energy conversion, and even to deposition of materials that act as growth platforms for nanoscale catalysis. One major limitation to wide adoption of ES is stochastic fiber deposition resulting from the chaotic motion of the polymer stream as is approaches the deposition surface. In the past, fabrication of structures or materials with precisely determined mesoscale morphology has been accomplished through modification of electrode shape, use of multi-dimensional electrodes or pins, deposition onto weaving looms, hand-held electrospinning devices that allow the user to guide deposition, or electric field manipulation by lensing elements or apertures. In this work, we demonstrate an ES system that contains multiple high voltage power supplies that are independently controlled through a control algorithm implemented in LabVIEW. The end result is what we term “multiplex ES” where multiple independently controlled high-voltage signals are combined by the ES fiber to result in unique deposition control. COMSOL Multiphysics® software was used to model the electric field produced in this novel ES system. Using the multi-power supply system, we demonstrate fabrication of woven fiber materials that do not require complex deposition surfaces. Time-varied sinusoidal wave inputs were used to create electrospun torus shapes. The outer diameter of the tori was found, through parametric analysis, to be rather insensitive to frequency used during deposition, while inner diameter was inversely related to frequency, resulting in overall width of the tori increasing with frequency. Multiplex ES has a high-frequency cutoff based on the time response of the high voltage electrical circuit. These time constants were measured and minimized through the addition of parallel resistors that decreased impedance of the system and improved the high-frequency cutoff by up to 63%.

Fabricating rapid proton conduction pathways with sepiolite nanorod-based ionogel/Nafion composites via electrospinning

The major limitation of conventional sulfonated polymer proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) is their strong reliance on water molecules for proton conduction, causing a significant reduction in proton conductivity under low-humidity conditions. In this study, a one-dimensional ionogel (IL@Sep) confined within sepiolite (Sep) nanorods was prepared using ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate) and supercritical CO2. Subsequently, IL@Sep was blended with a Nafion solution, and electrospinning was used to fabricate the composite fiber PEM suitable for low-humidity environments. The results revealed that the electrospun (ES)-Nafion/IL@Sep composite fiber membrane exhibited significantly enhanced mechanical properties, water absorption, and proton conductivity. At an IL@Sep content of 2 wt%, the Nafion/2IL@Sep membrane exhibited a proton conductivity of 231 mS cm−1 at 80 °C/98 % relative humidity (RH) and 113 mS cm−1 at 80 °C/40 % RH. Moreover, the single-cell assembled with this composite membrane exhibited good gas tightness and achieved a peak power density of 779 mW cm−2 at 60 °C/80 % RH, which was ∼1.45 times that of the Nafion 212 membrane single-cell. This study indicates that electrospinning-assisted ionogel-modified ES-Nafion/IL@Sep composite fiber membranes have potential suitability for use in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells under varying humidity conditions.

Small diameter vascular grafts: progress on electrospinning matrix/stem cell blending approach.

The exploration of the next-generation small diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) will never stop until they possess high biocompatibility and patency comparable to autologous native blood vessels. Integrating biocompatible electrospinning (ES) matrices with highly bioactive stem cells (SCs) provides a rational and promising solution. ES is a simple, fast, flexible and universal technology to prepare extracellular matrix-like fibrous scaffolds in large scale, while SCs are valuable, multifunctional and favorable seed cells with special characteristics for the emerging field of cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Both ES matrices and SCs are advanced resources with medical application prospects, and the combination may share their advantages to drive the overcoming of the long-lasting hurdles in SDVG field. In this review, the advances on SDVGs based on ES matrices and SCs (including pluripotent SCs, multipotent SCs, and unipotent SCs) are sorted out, and current challenges and future prospects are discussed.

Alternating Current Electrospinning of Polycaprolactone/Chitosan Nanofibers for Wound Healing Applications.

Traditional wound dressings have not been able to satisfy the needs of the regenerative medicine biomedical area. With the aim of improving tissue regeneration, nanofiber-based wound dressings fabricated by electrospinning (ES) processes have emerged as a powerful approach. Nowadays, nanofiber-based bioactive dressings are mainly developed with a combination of natural and synthetic polymers, such as polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (CHI). Accordingly, herein, PCL/CHI nanofibers have been developed with varying PCL:CHI weight ratios (9:1, 8:2 and 7:3) or CHI viscosities (20, 100 and 600 mPa·s) using a novel alternating current ES (ACES) process. Such nanofibers were thoroughly characterized by determining physicochemical and nanomechanical properties, along with wettability, absorption capacity and hydrolytic plus enzymatic stability. Furthermore, PCL/CHI nanofiber biological safety was validated in terms of cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility (hemolysis < 2%), in addition to a notable antibacterial performance (bacterial reductions of 99.90% for S. aureus and 99.91% for P. aeruginosa). Lastly, the enhanced wound healing activity of PCL/CHI nanofibers was confirmed thanks to their ability to remarkably promote cell proliferation, which make them ideal candidates for long-term applications such as wound dressings.

Optimization of an innovative hybrid approach ZnO-Doped PVP nanofibers for electrical devices applications

The solid solution of pure ZnO nanoparticles and doped Polyvinylepyrrolidone (PVP) green hybrid nanomaterial’s synthesized by using the electro spinning method. The synthetic polymer matrix nonwoven fibrous mats containing innovative properties are shown to shrink and encapsulated the zinc oxide materials to change the surface morphology when the concentration of PVP is increased from 1 % to 2 % dopants. The crystalline nature and morphological studies were examined by using x-ray diffraction and a scanning electron microscope. The average crystallite sizes of easily formed ZnO nanoparticles and nanorods that are 21 nm and 62 nm respectively. Moreover, the electrical and optical properties of the fibrous mesh were determined by using electrical impedance analyzer. The electrical conductivity values were measured in the pure ZnO nanoparticles in contrast to the doped ZnO/PVP. The tangent loss, dielectric constant, capacitance and relaxation time values are revealed in this study. All the characterization has been carried out at room temperature. The relaxation time for 1 %, and 2 % ZnO/PVP is (0.8 ns) and (0.79 ns) respectively which is suitable for the application of trigger using devices. The overall findings of this study implemented in a wide range of technologies i.e. photonics, electronics and super capacitor devices etc.

Controlled Calcium Oxalate Crystals Obtained by Electrocrystallization on Electrospun Polycaprolactone Fibers Loaded with Zarzaparrilla ( Herreria stellata ).

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) is known to grow on organic matrices and is often associated with the formation of kidney stones. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the nucleation and growth mechanisms. This study investigates the role of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL)-loaded zarzaparrilla (ZP) (Herreria stellata) in the electrocrystallization (EC) of CaOx. Electrospinning (ES) was used to prepare PCL meshes with random (R) and aligned (A) fiber orientations. CaOx particles were grown directly on conductive tin indium oxide (ITO) glass modified with electrospun ZP-loaded PCL meshes by EC. The CaOx crystals after EC were measured by chronopotentiometry (CP), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed that the ZP additive and PCL fiber orientations are key factors for CaOx nucleation.

Influence of the preparation method on selected properties of PLA nanofibers modified with lavender oil

PLA nanofibers containing 30 wt% lavender essential oil (LEO) was obtained by electrospinning (ES) and solution blow spinning (SBS) methods. The structure was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The ES method produced thinner nanofibers than the SBS method. The method of obtaining nanofibers did not affect their thermal properties.

Life Cycle of Functional All-Green Biocompatible Fibrous Materials Based on Biodegradable Polyhydroxybutyrate and Hemin: Synthesis, Service Life, and the End-of-Life via Biodegradation.

This article addresses the entire life cycle of the all-green fibrous materials based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) containing a natural biocompatible additive Hemin (Hmi): from preparation, service life, and the end of life upon in-soil biodegradation. Fibrous PHB/Hmi materials with a highly developed surface and interconnected porosity were prepared by electrospinning (ES) from Hmi-containing feed solutions. Structural organization of the PHB/Hmi materials (porosity, uniform structure, diameter of fibers, surface area, distribution of Hmi within the PHB matrix, phase composition, etc.) is shown to be governed by the ES conditions: the presence of even minor amounts of Hmi in the PHB/Hmi (below 5 wt %) serves as a powerful tool for the control over their structure, performance, and biodegradation. Service characteristics of the PHB/Hmi materials (wettability, prolonged release of Hmi, antibacterial activity, breathability, and mechanical properties) were studied by different physicochemical methods (scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, contact angle measurements, antibacterial tests, etc.). The effect of the structural organization of the PHB/Hmi materials on their in-soil biodegradation at the end of life was analyzed, and key factors providing efficient biodegradation of the PHB/Hmi materials at all stages (from adaptation to mineralization) are highlighted (high surface area and porosity, thin fibers, release of Hmi, etc.). The proposed approach allows for target-oriented preparation and structural design of the functional PHB/Hmi nonwovens when their structural supramolecular organization with a highly developed surface area controls both their service properties as efficient antibacterial materials and in-soil biodegradation upon the end of life.