Electro-oxidation Of Paracetamol Research Articles

Determination of Paracetamol on Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide-Antimony Nanocomposite Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode Using Adsorptive Stripping Differential Pulse Voltammetry.

A simple, highly sensitive, accurate, and low-cost electrochemical sensor was developed for the determination of over-the-counter painkiller, paracetamol (PC). The enhanced sensing capabilities of the developed sensor were fabricated by the single-step modification of disposable pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) with the simultaneous electrochemical reduction in graphene oxide and antimony (II) salts. For this purpose, an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide–antimony nanoparticle (ERGO-SbNP) nanocomposite material was prepared by trapping metallic nanoparticles between individual graphene sheets in the modification of PGEs. Structural characterization by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy was employed to confirm the presence of oxygen functional groups and defects in the conjugated carbon-based structure of GO. Morphological differences between the modified PGEs were confirmed by HRTEM and HRSEM for the presence of nanoparticles. The modified electrodes were further electrochemically characterized using CV and EIS. The electrooxidation of PC on an ERGO-SbNPs-PGE was achieved by adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltametric analysis in 0.1 mol·L−1 phosphate buffer solution at pH = 7.0. The optimum current response was used to record a detection limit of 0.057 µmol·L−1 for PC. The electrochemical sensor was further used in real sample analysis for a commercially available pharmaceutical tablet (500 mg PC), for which the percentage recovery was between 99.4% and 100.8%.

Facile Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive and Selective Determination of Guaifenesin, Phenylephrine and Paracetamol on Electrochemically Pretreated Pencil Graphite Electrode.

Guaifenesin (GFS), phenylephrine (PHE) and paracetamol (PAR), drugs used in combination for the relief of cold and flu symptoms, were determined at electrochemically pretreated pencil graphite electrode. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for the first time for the concomitant determination of the target compounds based on the electro-oxidation of PAR at 0.43 V, PHE at 0.74 V and GFS at 1.14 V in Britton–Robinson buffer pH 6.0. Under optimized experimental conditions, two linear ranges were obtained for PAR (2.50 × 10−6 M–1.00 × 10−5 M and 1.00 × 10−5 M–1.00 × 10−4 M) and for PHE and GFS linearity was proved between 5.00 × 10−6 M–2.00 × 10−4 M and 2.50 × 10−6 M–2.00 × 10−4 M, respectively. The detection limits were 8.12 × 10−7 M for PAR, 1.80 × 10−6 M for PHE and 8.29 × 10−7 M for GFS. The selective and sensitive DPV method and the electrochemically treated electrode were employed for simultaneous analysis of the analytes in pharmaceutical samples with good recoveries.

Poly (Orange CD) sensor for paracetamol in presence of folic acid and dopamine

In the present work, Orange CD was chosen as an intriguing modifier for the electropolymerization on the surface of CPE by the CV technique. A novel, sensitive, and cost-effective poly (Orange CD) MCPE (PoOCD/MCPE) sensor was utilized for the selective detection of paracetamol (PA) in 0.2 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 7.4. The oxidation peak current of PA was vastly enhanced at the sensor. The scan rate study is suggested that electro-oxidation of PA was adsorption-controlled. The pH study testifies the redox pathways transport with the same quantity of electrons and protons. The detection limit of PA is found to be 2.64 µM. DPV results show that substantial peak separation between PA, folic acid (FA), and dopamine (DA) could be facilitating their individual and simultaneous determination on the sensor. The decorated sensor demonstrates high sensitivity, stability, reproducibility, repeatability and has been successfully exploited for the detection of PA in a tablet with promising results.

Enhanced amperometric detection of paracetamol by immobilized cobalt ion on functionalized MWCNTs - Chitosan thin film

In the present study, a nanocomposite of f-MWCNTs-chitosan-Co was prepared by the immobilization of Co(II) on f-MWCNTs-chitosan by a self-assembly method and used for the quantitative determination of paracetamol (PR). The composite was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX). The electroactivity of cobalt immobilized on f-MWCNTs-chitosan was assessed during the electro-oxidation of paracetamol. The prepared GCE modified f-MWCNTs/CTS-Co showed strong electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of PR. The electrochemical performances were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Under favorable experimental conditions, differential pulse voltammetry showed a linear dynamic range between 0.1 and 400 μmol L−1 with a detection limit of 0.01 μmol L−1 for the PR solution. The fabricated sensor exhibited significant selectivity towards PR detection. The fabricated sensor was successfully applied for the determination of PR in commercial tablets and human serum sample.

Electro-oxidation of paracetamol in the presence of malononitrile: Application for green, efficient, none-catalyst, simple and one-pot electro-synthesis of new paracetamols

Abstract Electrochemical oxidation of paracetamol has been studied in the presence of malononitrile as a nucleophile in a phosphate buffer solution (0.15 mol/L, pH 7), using cyclic voltammetric techniques. The results indicated that the N -acetyl- p -benzoquinone-imine derived from paracetamol participates in a 1,4-Michael-type addition reaction with the malononitrile to form the corresponding paracetamol derivatives ( 6a , 7a ). The present study has led to the development of a simple, green, non-catalyst and one-pot electrochemical method with high atom economy under mild conditions.

Sensitive voltammetric determination of paracetamol by poly (4-vinylpyridine)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode

A novel glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a composite film of poly (4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (P4VP/MWCNT GCE) was used for the voltammetric determination of paracetamol (PCT). This novel electrode displayed a combined effect of P4VP and MWCNT on the electro-oxidation of PCT in a solution of phosphate buffer at pH 7. Hence, conducting properties of P4VP along with the remarkable physical properties of MWCNTs might have combined effects in enhancing the kinetics of PCT oxidation. The P4VP/MWCNT GCE has also demonstrated excellent electrochemical activity toward PCT oxidation compared to that with bare GCE and MWCNT GCE. The anodic peak currents of PCT on the P4VP/MWCNT GCE were about 300 fold higher than that of the non-modified electrodes. By applying differential pulse voltammetry technique under optimized experimental conditions, a good linear ratio of oxidation peak currents and concentrations of PCT over the range of 0.02–450μM with a limit of detection of 1.69nM were achieved. This novel electrode was stable for more than 60 days and reproducible responses were obtained at 99% of the initial current of PCT without any influence of physiologically common interferences such as ascorbic acid and uric acid. The application of this electrode to determine PCT in tablets and urine samples was proposed.

Selective determination of paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid on electrode modified with a mixed-valent film of ruthenium oxide-ruthenium cyanide

Catalytic activity exhibited by a mixed-valent film of ruthenium oxideruthenium cyanide deposited on the surface of a glassy-carbon electrode in electrooxidation of paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid was used to develop a high-sensitivity selective method for determination of these compounds in the case of their joint presence under flow-injection conditions.