Electron Demand Research Articles

Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride Membranes: Waterproofing and Acoustic Performance for Air and Acoustic Vents in Electronics.

Advancements in electronic devices demand materials capable of exceptional performance in various challenging environments. This study presents polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nonwoven membranes with controlled porosity, created using an air-guided electrospinning method, followed by a calendaring process. These membranes exhibit a combination of water-repellent properties and sound transmission capabilities, making them ideal candidates for use in air and acoustic vents in electronic systems. A key feature of our membrane is the three-dimensional nanostructured pores, ranging from 0.20 to 0.76 μm, with a mean pore size of 0.51 μm, achieved through the formation of randomly arranged long nanofibers. By employing both experimental and theoretical methods, we achieved impressive performance metrics: air permeability of 0.86 cm3/cm2/s, water contact angles up to 139.3°, and breakthrough pressure as low as 0.27 MPa. Our PVDF nonwoven membranes maintain an optimal balance of stiffness, density, and air permeability, leading to exceptionally low sound transmission loss values ranging between -10 and -40 dBV/Pa, all while preserving their structural integrity. These findings contribute to the development of next-generation waterproof and acoustically permeable membranes, offering enhanced performance capabilities in demanding operational scenarios. This work advances the field of nanomaterials, environmental engineering, and acoustic technologies, with the potential to influence the design of future electronic devices.

7-Deazapurine and Pyrimidine Nucleoside and Oligonucleotide Cycloadducts Formed by Inverse Diels-Alder Reactions with 3,6-Di(pyrid-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine: Ethynylated and Vinylated Nucleobases for Functionalization and Impact of Pyridazine Adducts on DNA Base Pair Stability and Mismatch Discrimination.

The manuscript reports on 7-deazapurine and pyrimidine nucleoside and oligonucleotide cycloadducts formed by the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (iEDDA) reaction with 3,6-di(pyrid-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine. Cycloadducts were constructed from ethynylated and vinylated nucleobases. Oligonucleotides were synthesized containing iEDDA modifications, and the impact on duplex stability was investigated. iEDDA reactions were performed on nucleoside triple bond side chains. Oxidation was not required in these cases as dihydropyridazine intermediates are not formed. In contrast, oxidation is necessary for reactions performed on alkenyl compounds. This was verified on 5-vinyl-2'-deoxyuridine. A diastereomeric mixture of 1,2-dihydropyridazine cycloadduct intermediates was isolated, characterized, and later oxidized. 12-mer oligonucleotides containing 1,2-pyridazine inverse Diels-Alder cycloadducts and their precursors were hybridized to short DNA duplexes. For that, a series of phosphoramidites was prepared. DNA duplexes with 7-functionalized 7-deazaadenines and 5-functionalized pyrimidines display high duplex stability when spacer units are present between nucleobases and pyridazine cycloadducts. A direct connectivity of the pyridazine moiety to nucleobases as reported for metabolic labeling of vinyl nucleosides reduced duplex stability strongly. Oligonucleotides bearing linkers with and without pyridazine cycloadducts attached to the 7-deazaadenine nucleobase significantly reduced mismatch formation with dC and dG.

Nonwoven fabric supported flame-retarding quasi-solid electrolyte for wider-temperature safer Li-ion battery

Energy-dense lithium-ion battery (LIB) is in high demand for advanced portable electronics as well as electric vehicle EV applications. However, the flammability of conventional carbonate-based electrolytes makes the safety of the LIB questionable. Here, we demonstrate a nonflammable, thermally stable electrolyte for LIB application in the wide temperature range of −20 °C–50 °C. Specifically, we developed a non-woven fabric-supported quasi-solid flexible polymer electrolyte with a unique liquid electrolyte combination of methyl propionate (MP), trimethyl phosphate (TMP), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), and Poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) polymer. The resulting composite electrolyte is compatible with Li metal, and in a half-cell (Li||LFP) performs superior to the commercial electrolyte over the wide temperature range. A full-cell with high-loading (cathode loading 13.2 mg/cm2) LFP combined with graphite demonstrated electrochemical performance. An initial discharge capacity of 115 mAh/g at a C/10 rate and capacity retention of 57 % was observed after 100 cycles. The thermal safety of the full cell was evaluated through multimodule calorimetry, where a low heat release of 37 J/g was observed, compared to 1.5 kJ/g with commercial electrolyte. This report aims to demonstrate the great potential of using flame-retardant quasi-solid polymer electrolytes for fabricating safer LIBs.

Compatibility and performance study of electrohydrodynamic printing using zinc oxide inkjet ink

The demand for modern electronics and semiconductors has increased throughout the years, which has enabled the innovation and exploration of solution-processed deposition. Solution-based processes have gained a lot of interest due to the low-cost fabrication and the large fabrication areas without the need for high-vacuum equipment. In this study, we utilized the ZnO ink for inkjet printer ink to fabricate a thin film via Electrohydrodynamic printing. Three different ink solutions were prepared for experimentation. The EHD printing technique demonstrated the ink’s compatibility with and without the modifications. The outcomes of the EHD printed materials were comparable with the spin-coated thin films. The EHD-printed films demonstrated better results in comparison to spin-coated films. Ra and Rq of the EHD film measured at 3.651 nm and 4.973 nm, respectively. It improved the absorbance up to two-fold at 360 nm wavelength and electrical conductivity up to 40% compared to the spin-coated films. Furthermore, the optimization of the printing parameters can lead to the improved morphology and thickness of the EHD thin films.

Increases in Global and East Asian Nitrogen Trifluoride (NF3) Emissions Inferred from Atmospheric Observations.

Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is a potent and long-lived greenhouse gas that is widely used in the manufacture of semiconductors, photovoltaic cells, and flat panel displays. Using atmospheric observations from eight monitoring stations from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) and inverse modeling with a global 3-D atmospheric chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem), we quantify global and regional NF3 emission from 2015 to 2021. We find that global emissions have grown from 1.93 ± 0.58 Gg yr-1 (± one standard deviation) in 2015 to 3.38 ± 0.61 Gg yr-1 in 2021, with an average annual increase of 10% yr-1. The available observations allow us to attribute significant emissions to China (0.93 ± 0.15 Gg yr-1 in 2015 and 1.53 ± 0.20 Gg yr-1 in 2021) and South Korea (0.38 ± 0.07 Gg yr-1 to 0.65 ± 0.10 Gg yr-1). East Asia contributes around 73% of the global NF3 emission increase from 2015 to 2021: approximately 41% of the increase is from emissions from China (with Taiwan included), 19% from South Korea, and 13% from Japan. For Japan, which is the only one of these three countries to submit annual NF3 emissions to UNFCCC, our bottom-up and top-down estimates are higher than reported. With increasing demand for electronics, especially flat panel displays, emissions are expected to further increase in the future.

Multifunctional Wearable Electronic Based on Fabric Modified by PPy/NiCoAl-LDH for Energy Storage, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, and Photothermal Conversion.

With the rapid advancement of electronic technology, traditional textiles are challenged to keep up with the demands of wearable electronics. It is anticipated that multifunctional textile-based electronics incorporating energy storage, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and photothermal conversion are expected to alleviate this problem. Herein, a multifunctional cotton fabric with hierarchical array structure (PPy/NiCoAl-LDH/Cotton) is fabricated by the introduction of NiCoAl-layered double hydroxide (NiCoAl-LDH) nanosheet arrays on cotton fibers, followed by polymerization and growth of continuous dense polypyrrole (PPy) conductive layers. The multifunctional cotton fabric shows a high specific areal capacitance of 754.72 mF cm-2 at 5mA cm-2 and maintains a long cycling life (80.95% retention after 1000 cycles). The symmetrical supercapacitor assembled with this fabric achieves an energy density of 20.83µWh cm-2 and a power density of 0.23 mWcm-2. Moreover, the excellent electromagnetic interference shielding (38.83dB), photothermal conversion (70.2 °C at 1000mWcm-2), flexibility and durability are also possess by the multifunctional cotton fabric. Such a multifunctional cotton fabric has great potential for using in new energy, smart electronics, and thermal management applications.

Intrinsically Elastic Semiconductors through Aldehyde-Amine Polycondensation and Its Application on Stretchable Transistor.

With the increasing demand for elastic electronics, as a crucial component, elastic semiconductors have been widely studied. However, there are some issues for the current preparation of elastic semiconductors, such as harsh reaction conditions, low atomic economic utilization, and complicated product separation and purification. Aldehyde-amine polycondensation is an important chemical reaction with the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high atomic-economic efficiency, and easy separation and purification. Herein, intrinsically elastic semiconductors are developed via aldehyde-amine polycondensation, including a semiconducting segment and an elastic segment. The resulting polymer containing 42.62 wt % soft segments exhibits excellent stretchability and mechanical reversibility, especially with a lower modulus. Interestingly, the carrier mobility displays up to 0.04 cm2·V-1·s-1, in the range of the fully conjugated reference polymer (0.1 cm2·V-1·s-1). In brief, this strategy provides important guiding principles for the development of intrinsically elastic polymer semiconductors.

Digital health delivery in respiratory medicine: adjunct, replacement or cause for division?

Digital medicine is already well established in respiratory medicine through remote monitoring digital devices which are used in the day-to-day care of patients with asthma, COPD and sleep disorders. Image recognition software, deployed in thoracic radiology for many applications including lung cancer screening, is another application of digital medicine. Used as clinical decision support, this software will soon become part of day-to-day practice once concerns regarding generalisability have been addressed. Embodied in the electronic health record, digital medicine also plays a substantial role in the day-to-day clinical practice of respiratory medicine. Given the considerable work the electronic health record demands from clinicians, the next tangible impact of digital medicine may be artificial intelligence that aids administration, makes record keeping easier and facilitates better digital communication with patients. Future promises of digital medicine are based on their potential to analyse and characterise the large amounts of digital clinical data that are collected in routine care. Offering the potential to predict outcomes and personalise therapy, there is much to be excited by in this new epoch of innovation. However, these digital tools are by no means a silver bullet. It remains uncertain whether, let alone when, the promises of better models of personalisation and prediction will translate into clinically meaningful and cost-effective products for clinicians.

PANI-grafted boron, nitrogen co-doped carbon fiber: An outstanding, high-performance supercapacitor electrode

The rapid development of wearable electronic devices demands light-weight, flexible, high performance and eco-friendly supercapacitors. However, an efficacious design and fabrication of a steady structure for the same is still a challenge. Herein, a novel composite of polyaniline (PANI) grafted Boron, Nitrogen co-doped cotton derived carbon fiber (BNCF) has been synthesized via in-situ chemical polymerization. The detailed structural characterization confirms the successful incorporation of granular PANI over the BNCF surface. The supercapacitor performance of the as-synthesized BNCF-PANI electrode was investigated as electrode material for supercapacitor and the capacitance was achieved as high as 370 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. Moreover, BNCF-PANI based electrode exhibited the energy density of 12.8 Wh kg−1 at current density of 1 A g−1 and power density 2500 W kg−1 at current density of 10 A g−1.

Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Extraction Enabled by Alkylated Cellulose Wrapping.

With the growing demand for postsilicon electronics, the purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in terms of their chirality, which defines their atomic and electronic structure, is becoming increasingly important. Herein, we demonstrate the selective extraction of high-quality semiconducting SWCNTs using alkyl cellulose as a dispersant in organic solvents. We investigated the separation factors of dispersant structures, such as the degree of substitution (DS) and molecular weight, and clarified the appropriate dispersant structures, such as moderately substituted hexyl cellulose, for selective semiconducting SWCNT extraction. Due to the improved purity and quality of the semiconducting SWCNTs obtained by this method, their films exhibit excellent thermoelectric power factors, outperforming not only unsorted SWCNTs but also conducting polymer-sorted SWCNTs. This sorting technology paves the way for supplying high-quality semiconducting SWCNTs in a viable manner.

Polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene coated Fe3C–C/MXene composite film based flexible, and multifunctional patch for electromagnetic interference shielding and joule heating

Portable and wearable electronics demand flexible, multifunctional films with electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and thtaermal management capabilities. However, the preparation of flexible films with suitable performance is still a challenge. Here, we constructed the flexible, stretchable, and multifunctional patch with a multistage structure composed of Fe3C–C (FC) fibrous film, MXene, and polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene (SIS), which exhibited outstanding EMI shielding effectiveness total (SET) of 56 dB. Due to the package of the SIS layer, the EMI SE of the as-prepared patch remains almost unchanged after 3000 cycles of bending test or placing in the air for one month. Furthermore, the multistage structure film shows excellent Joule heating performance and can maintained for a long time. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for the preparation of multifunctional flexible patches, which have great application potential in the fields of EMI shielding and thermal management.

A Fabric-Based Strain Sensor with a Microbridge Structure and the Supercapacitor-Powered Integrated Sensing System.

Developing fabric-based strain sensors with high sensitivity and stability is in high demand for wearable electronics. Herein, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polypyrrole (PPy) are coated on a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fabric as strain sensors. A microbridge structure, in which CNT bridges the stretching-induced cracks, has been designed for the TPU-CNT-PPy strain sensor. The microbridge structure can significantly enhance the electrical resilience, ensuring the improved sensitivity and stability of strain sensors. As a result, our TPU-CNT-PPy strain sensors deliver high sensitivity (GF = 231.5) with a broad working range (150%) and fast response and recovery time (166/195 ms). In addition, our TPU-CNT-PPy could also be used as flexible electrodes of the microsupercapacitors (MSCs) as a power supplier for the integrated sensing system. The TPU-CNT-PPy-based MSCs exhibit a high specific capacitance (460.3 mF cm-2 at 0.5 mA cm-2) and excellent cycling stability (96.69% capacitance retention for 10,000 charge/discharge cycles). Finally, we demonstrated an integrated sensing system using TPU-CNT-PPy as both MSCs and strain sensors, where the current signals of the sensors could be well detected via Bluetooth. This study offers a microbridge strategy to fabricate strain sensors with high sensitivity and stability and develops an integrated sensing system for the actual applications of wearable electronics.

First Proof of Concept of a Click Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction for Assigning the Regiochemistry of Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds in Untargeted Lipidomics.

Lipidomics by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become a prominent tool in clinical chemistry due to the proven connections between lipid dysregulation and the insurgence of pathologies. However, it is difficult to achieve structural characterization beyond the fatty acid level by HRMS, especially when it comes to the regiochemistry of carbon-carbon double bonds, which play a major role in determining the properties of cell membranes. Several approaches have been proposed for elucidating the regiochemistry of double bonds, such as derivatization before MS analysis by photochemical reactions, which have shown great potential for their versatility but have the unavoidable drawback of splitting the MS signal. Among other possible approaches for derivatizing electron-rich double bonds, the emerging inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction with tetrazines stands out for its unmatchable kinetics and has found several applications in basic biology and protein imaging. In this study, a catalyst-free click IEDDA reaction was employed for the first time to pinpoint carbon-carbon double bonds in free and conjugated fatty acids. Fatty acid and glycerophospholipid regioisomers were analyzed alone and in combination, demonstrating that the IEDDA reaction had click character and allowed the obtention of diagnostic product ions following MS/MS fragmentation as well as the possibility of performing relative quantitation of lipid regioisomers. The IEDDA protocol was later employed in an untargeted lipidomics study on plasma samples of patients suffering from prostate cancer and benign prostatic conditions, confirming the applicability of the proposed reaction to complex matrices of clinical interest.

Data-Efficient, Chemistry-Aware Machine Learning Predictions of Diels-Alder Reaction Outcomes.

The application of machine learning models to the prediction of reaction outcomes currently needs large and/or highly featurized data sets. We show that a chemistry-aware model, NERF, which mimics the bonding changes that occur during reactions, allows for highly accurate predictions of the outcomes of Diels-Alder reactions using a relatively small training set, with no pretraining and no additional features. We establish a diverse data set of 9537 intramolecular, hetero-, aromatic, and inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions. This data set is used to train a NERF model, and the performance is compared against state-of-the-art classification and generative machine learning models across low- and high-data regimes, with and without pretraining. The predictive accuracy (regio- and site selectivity in the major product) achieved by NERF exceeds 90% when as little as 40% of the data set is used for training. Another high-performing model, Chemformer, requires a larger training data set (>45%) and pretraining to reach 90% Top-1 accuracy. Accurate predictions of less-represented reaction subclasses, such as those involving heteroatomic or aromatic substrates, require higher percentages of training data. We also show how NERF can use small amounts of additional training data to quickly learn new systems and improve its overall understanding of reactivity. Synthetic chemists stand to benefit as this model can be rapidly expanded and tailored to areas of chemistry corresponding to the low-data regime.

Ultrahigh energy density in dielectric nanocomposites by modulating nanofiller orientation and polymer crystallization behavior

High-energy density dielectrics for electrostatic capacitors are in urgent demand for advanced electronics and electrical power systems. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based nanocomposites have attracted remarkable attention by intrinsic high polarization, flexibility, low density, and outstanding processability. However, it is still challenging to achieve significant improvement in energy density due to the common contradictions between electric polarization and breakdown strength. Here, we proposed a novel facile strategy that simultaneously achieves the construction of in-plane oriented BaTiO3 nanowires and crystallization modulation of PVDF matrix via an in-situ uniaxial stretch process. The polar phase transition and enhanced Young's modulus facilitate the synergetic improvement of electric polarization and voltage endurance capability for PVDF matrix. Additionally, the aligned distribution of nanowires could reduce the contact probability of nanowire tips, thus alleviating electric field concentration and hindering the conductive path. Finally, a record high energy density of 38.3 ​J/cm3 and 40.9 ​J/cm3 are achieved for single layer and optimized sandwich-structured nanocomposite, respectively. This work provides a unique structural design and universal method for dielectric nanocomposites with ultrahigh energy density, which presents a promising prospect of practical application for modern energy storage systems.

Sustainable graphene production for solution-processed microsupercapacitors and multipurpose flexible electronics

The growing demand for portable and wearable electronics, Internet of Things microdevices, and wireless sensor networks has led to the development of miniaturized energy storage devices, such as microsupercapacitors (mSCs). With excellent electrical conductivity and high surface area in a layered structure, graphene materials are ideal for mSCs, but current manufacturing methods still hinder their widespread integration. Here, we propose a sustainable approach for the rapid and eco-friendly production of few-layer graphene flakes based on the exfoliation of graphite in water by a combination of high-shear mixing and a high-pressure airless spray. An all-carbon composite paste with high electrical conductivity and tunable viscosity was designed to fabricate planar, interdigitated mSCs on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The flexible, metal-free mSCs achieved a Coulombic efficiency close to 100%, with areal and volumetric capacitances of 6.16 mF cm−2 and 2.46 F cm−3, respectively. The maximum energy density exceeds 200 μWh cm−3 with 91.5% capacitance retention after 10000 galvanostatic chargedischarge cycles. The mSCs retain the same performance when subjected to a wide bending range and can be easily modularized to adjust the voltage and capacitance outputs. Finally, high-performance coatings for electromagnetic interference shielding and wearable strain sensors are also fabricated to demonstrate the multipurpose applicability of the graphene-based paste.

PENGARUH BRAND IMAGE DAN HARGA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN LEMARI ES DI PERUMAHAN MUSTIKA PRAKARSA KARAWANG

The goal of this study is to determine how price and brand perception affect consumers' decisions to buy products. Businesses in the electronics industry have the chance to satisfy consumer preferences because of the increased demand and necessity for refrigerator electronics. In an effort to grab consumers' interest and attention, they work to enhance their brand image. The sample strategy was purposeful sampling, which is a nonprobability sampling method. A sample of ninety-six respondents who resided in the Mustika Prakarsa Housing area and had two-door refrigerators was taken. Google forms are utilized to support techniques for gathering data. The techniques used to handle and evaluate data include tests of validity, partial t, simultaneous F, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, regression equation coefficient, and coefficient of determination. Version 29.0 of IBM SPSS was used to gather the data for the following data processing step. The results of the test indicate that price and brand perception both considerably and favorably affect consumers' decisions to buy, sometimes at the same time. Price and brand perception work together to influence decisions to buy by 30.7%. Keywords: Purchase Decision, Price, Brand Image.

Sweat-adaptive adhesive hydrogel electronics enabled by dynamic hydrogen bond networks

Adhesive hydrogels offer an appealing way to the demand for flexible epidermal electronics. Despite the significant advances of adhesive hydrogel electronics, the unavoidable degradation of adhesion and associated diminished detection on sweaty skin are two long-standing bottlenecks for their practical applications. Herein, we present a sweat-adaptive adhesive poly(acrylamide)/cellulose (PAAm/Cel) hydrogel electronic via dynamic hydrogen bond networks. Increased sweat promotes the decoupling of hydrogen bonds within the hydrogel between PAAm and cellulose, leading to enhanced skin-hydrogel interfacial adhesion due to the strong binding of exposed abundant polar groups to the skin. The resulting PAAm/Cel hydrogel exhibits robust bioadhesion on sweating skin, with 268.3 J m−2 in interfacial toughness, 201.7 kPa in tensile strength, and 31.7 kPa in shear strength. Furthermore, the conformable and adhesive PAAm/Cel hydrogel electronics are demonstrated to produce high-quality and stable electromyogram (EMG) signals worked on persistent sweating skin. We believe that our designed adhesive hydrogel with dynamic hydrogen bond networks coupled with sweat is promising for tough bioadhesive electronics and enables bioadhesive technologies with high-level adaptivity in daily activities.

Harnessing Green Electricity from Food: A Split Black Gram-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for a Self-Powered Autonomous Lighting System and Portable Electronics.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent a promising solution to mounting environmental concerns associated with battery disposal amid the escalating demand for portable electronics. However, prevailing TENG fabrication predominantly relies on nonbiodegradable, nonbiocompatible, and synthetic materials, posing a grave ecological threat. To mitigate this, there is a pressing need to develop eco-friendly and green TENGs leveraging sustainable, naturally occurring materials. This study pioneers the use of split black gram (SBG) as a tribo-positive material for TENGs. SBG's effectiveness as a tribo-positive material stems from its abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups, as confirmed by FTIR analysis, facilitating electron donation during the triboelectric process. SBG offers compelling advantages, including widespread availability, cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, and hydrophobic and adhesive properties due to its richness in starch and protein, positioning it as an optimal choice for eco-conscious TENG manufacturing. The fabrication process of an SBG-TENG is not only economical and facile but also solvent-free, requiring no specialized tools. Demonstrating commendable performance, the SBG-TENG achieves a maximum power density of 15.36 μW/cm2 at 1 MΩ, with an open circuit voltage of 84 V and short circuit current of 28 μA, comparable to recent studies. In practical applications, the SBG-TENG seamlessly integrates with LEDs and portable electronic devices via a full bridge rectifier, successfully powering them postcapacitor charging. Moreover, an autonomous lighting system is developed by embedding the SBG-TENG in a foot mat, enabling wireless light control through human stepping on the mat, introducing power-saving functionality for residential and office environments. In essence, the introduction of the SBG-TENG not only delivers cost-effectiveness but also minimizes the environmental impact by harnessing sustainable energy from food sources.

Engineering Carbon Nanotube Yarns with Polyaniline Coating toward Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance.

The growing demand for wearable electronics has driven the development of flexible thermoelectric (TE) generators which can harvest waste body heat as a renewable power source. Despite carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns have attracted significant attention as a promising candidate for TE materials, challenges still exist in improving their TE efficiency for commercial applications. Herein, we developed high performance CNT/polyaniline (PANI) yarns by engineering the coating of polyaniline emeraldine base (PANIeb), in which CNT yarns were firstly coated by PANIeb layer and further doped by HCl vapor treatment. With the incorporation of PANIeb, σ and S were simultaneously increased to 1796 S cm-1 and 74.8 μV K-1 for CNT/PANIeb 4-2d fibers, respectively. Further HCl vapor treatment induced greatly increased σ to 3194 S cm-1, but maintained be 83 % value before doping, giving rise to the highest power factor of 1224 μW m-1K-2, higher than pristine CNT yarns of 576 μW m-1K-2. Combining outstanding high TE performance and bending durability, a flexible TE generator was constructed to deliver high out power of 187 nW with temperature gradients of about 30 K. These results demonstrate the potential promise of high-performance CNT/PANI-HCl yarns to harvest waste body heat for sustainable power supply.