Electronic Voting Machines Research Articles

Decentralized Voting System using Blockchain

Abstract: India, known for its massive population of over 1 billion, holds the distinction of being the world's largest democracy. The voting process serves as a crucial link between the government and the electorate. However, recent years have witnessed a renewed focus on the technology used in the electoral process due to the numerous security loopholes in the existing system. Ensuring the security and transparency of the electoral process is crucial, and developing an electronic voting system that can be proven to be secure poses several challenges. Electronic voting systems offer several benefits, such as increased convenience and reduced costs. Nevertheless, there are still issues that need to be addressed, such as the inability of electronic voting machines to identify authentic users and the possibility of obtaining machines from unreliable sources. To address these concerns, the proposed solution involves developing a secure and efficient voting machine that uses blockchain technology to enhance security and transparency between users.

RFID Based For Biometric Voting Machine

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a current era that permits digital devices, software, sensors, vehicles, and home appliances to interconnect with networks and transfer data without human or computer intervention. However, the current electronic voting machines lack recent security measures that allow voters to verify their identity before casting their vote, which can lead to false voters casting duplicate or fake votes. To address this issue, a proposed system utilizes RFID and IoT to enhance security mechanisms in electronic voting machines. The system replaces the traditional voter ID with an active RFID tag that the system can scan and match with collected fingerprints. To verify their identity, the voter must scan their RFID tag and confirm their identity with their fingerprints. The voting machine includes an active reading device (reader) to read data on the RFID tag and a fingerprint scanner to capture fingerprints. If the fingerprints match against the database, the individual can cast their vote. In addition, the voting machine includes an LCD display to show the voter's relevant information from the database. This approach can help prevent illegal voting or impersonation since fingerprints are unique to each individual. This paper describes the layout and operation of a Smart Electronic Voting Machine the usage of Arduino UNO, RFID, to improve the election process by preventing electoral fraud and ensuring safety, security, reliability, and seamless conduct of elections in the country. The proposed solution involves the device communicating with the RFID tag. When the voter scans their RFID card, the controller verifies the ID, and if it matches, the LCD displays the result and enables the voter to cast their vote for the corresponding party. It is essential to ensure the secure implementation of the system.

Biometric-Based Electronic Voting System

Abstract: This project presents the design and implementation of an electronic voting machine (EVM) that uses fingerprint verification to enhance the security and accuracy of the voting process. The EVM is integrated with an SQLite database to store voters' fingerprint data and personal details. The system allows voters to cast their votes by verifying their identity through fingerprint recognition and pressing a button on the EVM. Once a vote is cast, the voter receives a message on their mobile device to confirm that their vote has been recorded. The project aims to address the challenges of traditional voting systems and offer a more secure and reliable method for election management.

Secure and Efficient Electronic Voting Machine Using IoT

Abstract: The Secured voting machine is developed to avoid all the apparel conditioning in the election process. Results are blazoned to every individual namer who suggested in the election, this point is lacking in the being electronic voting machine. Vote counting, affect assaying, affect publications are taking further time and also more homemade crimes happens in this process when we use current Electronic Voting Machine. We concentrated on the main issue that namer have to travel to their own native for advancing in the electronlike. The namer must go to the position where their namer ID is registered, also only they allow them to bounce. To develop a compact near field communication device for the choosers to poll their vote in order to have the voting process in a secured and effective introductory conception of this charge is to produce a digital voting system as a way to help to get relieve of defrauding of the homemade voting structures like paper- grounded voting system, in this there is a chance of casting vote further than formerly and prior. The proposed machine is which includes a couple of layers of verifications to insure the trust ability of the device. With the addition of biometric point detector, every namer is entered into the contrivance simplest after being diagnosed and checked with the given database of enlisted choosers. Once the corresponding point is matched with the records handed, the namer will be allowed to do for opting their preferred seeker from the panel of buttons. The final vote is also displayed onto a Liquid Cristal Display for the pride of choosers. The proposed design displays translucency and also carries the characteristic of being independent for the duration of the path of operation.

E -Voting System using Blockchain

Abstract: Designing a voting system that ensures fairness, privacy, and security is a significant challenge. The lack of trust in election systems among large sections of society worldwide is a major concern for democracy. Flawed voting systems pose a threat to democracies, including governing bodies, co-operating societies, and student councils. Vote rigging, hacking of electronic voting machines (EVMs), election manipulation, and booth capturing are the key issues with the current electoral system. To address these issues, we propose using novel technologies such as blockchain and Merkel trees, which are wellknown for their security benefits. Our system builds on popular blockchain frameworks that provide blockchain as a service, while preserving participants' anonymity and enabling public scrutiny. Blockchain is a unique technology of our time that promises to enhance the resilience of digital voting platforms. It presents an opportunity to leverage the benefits of blockchain, such as cryptographic foundations and transparency, to achieve an efficient digital voting system.

IoT Based E-Voting System to Avoid Fraud Voting

The voting system plays a major role during elections. Traditionally, the election commission in India uses electronic voting machines which need more man- power, time- consuming and also they are less trustworthy. For avoiding misconceptions during elections, there are lot of advanced techniques are being proposed using various methods. But in the field of biometric identification, we can get the better results and it is also trustworthy. we provide the various works which are being proposed based on the voting system which uses biometric identification as a major concept.

Minutia Extraction Based Electronic Voting Machine

The purpose of this research is to build electronic voting machine to increase transparency in election. This system uses microcontroller as the central part which registers the vote of the individual, the vote will be cost by pushing the button where for the identification of voter, figure print scanning module is used. Human finger prints are rich in minutia which are used in finger prints verification. This paper focuses on finger prints system of identification, which actually is minutia matching (MM), which is widely used in fingerprint algorithms.The technique include extraction from fingerprints the minutia points (MP). The technique is to match two fingerprint images by performing fingerprint matching technique. The main steps used for recognition are enhancement of image, segmentation of image, extraction of minutia and its matching

Smart Voting System

The electoral system in India has undergone several changes in recent years. The current system involves either Secret Ballot Voting (SBV) or Electronic Voting Machines (EVM), both of which are costly, labor-intensive and inefficient. The current system only verifies identification proof, which increases the likelihood of fraudulent voting. This study proposes the use of an electronic voting system that incorporates fingerprint and face recognition technology. The online system enables voters to cast their votes from anywhere, minimizing the chances of voting fraud. The proposed system has three levels of security: verification of unique id number, election id number, and face recognition. The use of voter identity number and fingerprint can prevent fake and duplicate registrations, leading to a higher success rate during voting. This method significantly enhances the security level of the voting process. Key Words: identification proof, face recognition, protect, security level, success.

SECURE ONLINE VOTING BASED ON BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

This paper is based on electronic voting machines, which are often used in elections and offer the ability to execute the process safely using blockchain technology. The prime aim of this system is to ensure security, integrity as well as transparency. One of the main considerations in the electronic voting site that offers a blockchain-based voting system to address a number of shortcomings of the current voting methods is voter privacy. The portal also offers a simple, dependable, rapid, and economical e-voting solution. Key Words: Blockchain technology, EVM’s, authentication, validation, security, decentralized voting.

SoulBound E-Voting System

Abstract: The right to vote is a fundamental right of citizens of democratic countries around the world. This is necessary so that citizens have a say in the choice of who represents them or in matters affecting them. The aspects of security and transparency are still threats from widespread elections with traditional systems. For years, democracies around the world have moved from sticking to paper ballots to electronic voting machines. These machines are not tamper-proof despite system checks, security procedures and election protocols. However, hacking and tampering with these machines is becoming more frequent as the number and methods of attackers increase. Physical access to the EVM, even for a few minutes, is enough to crack it. To ensure a fair and reliable election process, safety and security must be ensured throughout the process. A single organization still exists to administer the centralized system used for general elections. When organizations have complete control over their databases and systems, they can disrupt the database of important opportunities, which can cause a lot of problems in traditional election systems. Because networked software devices are vulnerable, the proposed work applies security concepts based on popular blockchain technology. It is currently being implemented with the goal of securing online money transactions in the digital economy. Blockchain has paved the way for cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. A blockchain is a distributed and non-translatable ledger in which data is added and updated in real time based on the consensus of nodes running software on the network. However, once data is added to the registry, you cannot delete or edit the data from the database. Therefore, counterfeit voting is impossible, increasing the reliability of the electronic voting system. As a result, governments around the world are exploring blockchain as a means to make general elections tamper-proof and transparent, with the goal of enabling a system where everyone trusts data and is tamper-proof. Using blockchain for database distribution of electronic voting systems can reduce one of the sources of fraud in database manipulation.

Real Time Implementation of Biometric-based EVM System for Distinct Verification

In current existences, many techniques have been developed to cast votes. The existing scenario is tremendously aiming towards the development of an efficient voting system, which ensures individual authentication and reduces malpractices. It is a challenging perspective to recognize each and every individual person casting the vote. The proposed work considers this scenario and developed a controller based electronic voting machine using R305 Fingerprint sensor for biometric authentication of every individual. The controlled electronic voting machine gives ample scope to cast the votes in simpler manner without minimizing the efficient results. The proposed digital Biometric-based EVM is presented in this work. The processed flow for creating this biometric based EVM is implemented on FPGA board using Verilog software on Xilinx ISE. The experimental results produce efficient verification of unique authentication on selections of political parties.

Preventing criminal and money politics in Indian electoral system with the use of ICT in the digital age

In recent years, the Indian electoral system has been marred by instances of criminal and money politics. These practices have not only undermined the democratic process but have also resulted in the election of corrupt and ineffective representatives. In this paper, we propose the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to prevent criminal and money politics in the Indian electoral system. We argue that the digital age provides a unique opportunity to enhance transparency and accountability in the electoral process, and ICT can be leveraged to achieve this goal. The paper begins by providing an overview of the problem of criminal and money politics in India and its impact on the electoral process. We then discuss the potential of ICT in addressing this problem, highlighting the various tools and technologies that can be employed to ensure transparency and accountability in the electoral process. We also discuss the challenges and limitations of ICT in this context, including issues related to the digital divide, cybersecurity, and data privacy. The paper then provides a detailed analysis of the various ICT initiatives that have been undertaken in India to prevent criminal and money politics in the electoral process. These include initiatives such as the use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs), the introduction of Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) machines, and the use of biometric authentication for voter identification. We evaluate the impact of these initiatives on the electoral process and identify areas for further improvement. Finally, we conclude by emphasizing the need for a comprehensive and coordinated approach to leveraging ICT for preventing criminal and money politics in the Indian electoral system. We argue that such an approach must involve the collaboration of various stakeholders, including the Election Commission, political parties, civil society organizations, and the general public. We also highlight the need for a strong legal and regulatory framework to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of ICT initiatives in this context.

Decentralized E-Voting System Using Blockchain

Abstract: Voting is a primary right of every citizen living ina country. Traditional methods used for voting includes paper ballot system, EVMs (Electronic Voting Machines), etc. which are still followed and trusted by every voter or citizen blindly. These voting systems can have ambiguity as the data is maintainedunder a centralized environment whether it is counting the paper ballots or storing the vote caste on a computer server. Thisuse of a centralized database for the voting system has some security issues such as Data modification through the third party in the network due to the use of the central database systemas well as the result of the voting is not shown in real-time, or manipulation with the data which can hamper the result and thus have an impact on not only system integrity but also lose faith in democracy, government, nation, etc. The voting methods used in an election should be legal, accurate, safe, and convenient.

FUID SEVM Fingerprint Unique ID Smart Electronic Voting Machine

Abstract: Secure voting is ensured by the Electronic Voting Machine. People should believe that their vote is secured and there are no unfair practices. The main objective of this project is to develop a secure Electronic Voting Machine using fingerprint identification method, we are using system database for fingerprint access. At the time of voting in elections, the verification of the electronic voting process can be done by scanning the veins on the fingers which allows voting to be reset so voters can cast their vote. We are also giving a barcode scan feature where user will scan to authenticate himself. System then show the list of candidate user, User will vote by pressing the button and all the data will be store in storage device. Fingerprint scanning is used to provide security to prevent fake, duplicate voting etc. It also increases the accuracy and speed of the process. The purpose of such a system is to ensure that only the legitimate user and no one else has access to the voting rights. If a particular pattern matches anyone in the available record, voting access is granted. But in case the pattern does not match the records in the database, or in the case of repetition, access to cast a vote is denied or the vote is rejected.

Online Voting and Information Management

The main motivation for this project is to be very focused on processing votes and their candidates, voters, etc. The project also displays all available voting data, including vote counts, voters, and non-voters. The project is divided into his two parts:Admin Panel and Voter Panel. The main purpose of voting (in scenarios involving citizens of a particular country) is to find leaders of their choice. Problems associated with this include, but are not limited to, voter driving during elections, unsafe or inaccessible polling places, inadequate voting materials, and inexperienced staff. They will be trained on how to vote online before Election Day. This project is designed for a threat-free, user-centric online voting system. Elections can take place in her two ways: paper elections and automated elections .Automated voting is known as electronic voting. An online voting system can be called Internet voting because it takes place over the Internet. Electronic you to manually mark and count electronic cards containing all candidate symbols electronic. There are many different types of electronic voting systems today, including punch cards, marksens, and digital pen tally brings a new voting system that allows voting systems. Electronic voting makes it easier for voters to vote by providing choices on a voting display located on an electronic machine. A direct-record electronic voting machine provides a display that can be activated when a voter touches the display, consisting of mechanical and electro-optical buttons, software that accepts votes, and an image or icon on the display. E-voting is connected to a central voting system, accepting all votes directly and receiving updated records. A central voting system uses a constituency counting method that counts all votes from ballots at polling stations..

Electronic Voting Machine Using Arduino

This document contains information about electronic voting machine using Arduino. Defrauding of manual voting systems will be eradicated is the basic idea of this project and also the prior versions of voting. The system will be provided with n number of switches or buttons where n stands for different political parties. The voters can select their preferred candidates of their choice displayed on the screen. For the satisfaction of the voters the result of the final vote is displayed on the LCD screen. Hence the Arduino plays a vital role in this project, therefore it is the brain and heart of the system. The voting process is completely controlled by Arduino such as generating result, reading switches and sending votes and result onto the lcd display and incrementing voting values

Fingerprint Based Voting System

Biometric Finger print devices are used in the Electronic Voting machine for voter verification. We have designed a finger print based voting machine where there is no need for the user to carry their government ID. The voter at the polling booth needs only to place their Finger on the device, thus allowing the acquisition of an on-spot fingerprint from the voter which serves as an identification. This Finger print reader reads the details from the tag. This data is passed onto the controlling unit for the verification. The controller fetches the data from the reader and compares this data with the already existing data stored during the registration of the voters. If the data matches with the pre-stored information of the registered fingerprint, the person is allowed to cast his vote. If not, a warning message is displayed on LCD and the person is barred from polling his vote. The vote casting mechanism is carried out manually. LCD is used to display the related messages, warnings and ensuing results.

Does increased credibility of elections lead to higher political competition? Evidence from India

A large amount of administrative effort is directed towards making elections credible and reducing electoral fraud in large democracies. However, it is not clear if such policy efforts have a feedback effect on political competition. In this paper, we exploit plausibly exogenous variation in perceptions of electoral credibility following the introduction of a technology-induced voting reform in India and find significant impacts on political competition. Electronic voting machines in India were mandated to include an additional layer of transparency by the introduction of a Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT). We find that with the introduction of VVPAT, the winning margins and vote share of winners decline whereas the number of candidates in the average race increases. The results are robust to econometric concerns arising out of staggered implementation of the program providing support to our identification design. Our results also point to heterogeneous effects of the VVPAT roll-out in constituencies that received it only once relative to those that got the VVPAT in two successive elections. Interestingly, we note that much of the welfare improvement through increased political competition is reversed with more experience, suggesting the presence of important learning effects.

VLSI Design and Implementation of Electronic Voting Machine

In place of the ballot papers and boxes that were formerly used in traditional voting systems, an EVM, or electronic voting machine, is used to record votes. The fundamental right to vote, or simply the capacity to cast a ballot, is the cornerstone of democracy. Voters would mark the name of their favourite candidate with a stamp in prior elections, whether they were state or center elections, fold the ballot paper following the instructions, and then place it in the ballot box. This is a time-consuming, difficult, and error-prone operation. This arrangement persisted until computerized voting machines drastically altered the election scene. There is no longer a need for ballot paper, ballot boxes, stamping, etc. The electronic voting machine's ballot unit is a straightforward box. Biometric identifiers are thought to be more trustworthy than conventional token or knowledge-based approaches for person recognition since they cannot be readily lost, faked, or exchanged. Therefore, depending on contemporary technologies, such as the biometric system, the electronic voting system needs to be enhanced. This article offers a thorough analysis of voting devices, problems, and comparisons of various voting processes and biometric EVMs.

The Prospects of Computer-Enabled Voting Systems in Pakistan

Democracy is the power vested in people to choose and elect their representatives. However, theprocess of election and voting is prone to rigging leading to undeserving people leading a nationwhich further causes mistrust and agitation amongst the people. Various methods have beenproposed and implemented towards free and fair elections. In this survey we list and discussdifferent methods proposed and adopted for voting. These include the techniques which wereintroduced in past and can be implied in future, the techniques by which voting system can bemade more secure are, the remote voting, internet/online voting, a RFID tags, a fingerprinttechnology and IOT for updating, two languages the extensible markup language and anotherone is the extensible style language are used to design a unique content and cannot be copied.Other technology like electronic voting machine with battery can be useful in rural areas whereinternet is not available and last one is the blockchain technology by which the voter can casttheir vote in no time, and can have trust on that as this technology is end-to-end encrypted, heredata can be saved in sealing blocks. All this work is to find a better way to make the votingsystem more reliable and trustable for the future. In the end we discuss the efficacy of thesesystems in current infrastructure and requirements of Pakistan.