Electronic Versions Research Articles

Metonymy in headlines of the modern Danish press (the political discourse)

The article deals with the phenomenon of metonymy in the headlines of the modern Danish press in the context of political discourse. Metonymy is an indispensable figure of speech of any language. The language of the press and, in particular, the headlines of articles are characterized by expressiveness and brevity. The characteristic features of metonymic transfers are figurativeness, appreciation and the ability to preserve language resources because the descriptive constructions can be replaced by a single word. It is not surprising, therefore, that metonymy is often used in the headline complex of a news article. The aim of our study is to consider metonymy in Danish headlines in terms of frequency and typology. The research material is the headlines in electronic versions of three Danish newspapers: Politiken, Dagbladet Information and Jyllands Posten. The time interval is limited by the 2015 Folketing election campaign. This choice is dictated by the fact that, in the case of an election campaign, we have clear dates set by the government and the election period is particularly interesting in terms of political discourse. As a result, we can say that metonymy is found in more than half of the headlines studied. In other words, metonymy is relatively frequently used by journalists in the headlines. The examples reviewed have shown that the reason for this is often to attract the attention of the reader and assess events or politicians. Among the types of metonymy, spatial and causal metonymy is the most widely used. Most often we see the metonymic transfer of the type “political party  politicians” or “politician  his/her activities”. Among the cases of attributive metonymy, we found interesting examples with political blocks, which are typical for the Danish political system (for example, red block and blue block), where the colour indicates the political views of these blocks.

БИОБИБЛИОГРАФИЯ НА САЙТАХ БИБЛИОТЕК БУРЯТИИ

The study of the current state of biobibliography of Buryatia, presented in the library web envi-ronment, was the purpose of this article. The author used methods of comparative analysis, monitoring of the web environment, bibliographic. The research results should include a representation of the forms of bio-bibliographic information that exists in the library web environment. The comparative characteristics of Internet resources contributes to the discovery of specifics in the creation of infor-mation products by libraries of various types and types. Links to websites identified in the process of studying the electronic environment can be used as a guide to the bio-bibliographic resources of the libraries of the republic. The article reflects bio-bibliographic information on library websites, which is publicly available. Traditional bio-bibliographic indexes are reviewed – digital copies and electronic versions of printed publications, original bibliographic products, complex electronic resources, databases that combine elements of bio-bibliographic, reference, full-text materials. Data on information products of scientific and public libraries was revealed: the National Library of the Republic of Buryatia, universities, the Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BSC SB RAS), the Republican Library for Children and Youth, centralized library systems of the city of Ulan-Ude and the republic. Bibliographic information in the form of indexes, dictionaries (“Who's Who”), databases (“Teachers' Works”, etc.) has a special place on the websites of scientific libraries of universities: Buryat State University, East Siberian State University of Technology and Management, Buryat State Agricultural Academy, East-Siberian State Institute of Culture. The website of the Central Scientific Library of the BSC SB RAS reflects the “Works of the BSC SB RAS employees” in the same heading, information on memorial libraries of prominent scientists in the field of physical and mathematical sciences, literary criticism, art history, ethnography, oriental studies. The website of the National Library of the Republic of Buryatia provides the most valuable edi-tions of local history topics: electronic versions of printed publications, reference and bibliographic databases, and electronic collections dedicated to prominent figures of the republic. Republican library for children and youth, Central City Library named after I.K. Kalashnikov, the centralized library sys-tems of Ulan-Ude and the republic are created and distributed in the Internet space, mainly bio-bibliographic information of recommendatory nature, in order to popularize the personality of the writer, public figure, war hero, historical character. Conclusions are made about the diversity of forms of bio-bibliographic information in the library web environment and, at the same time, the need to achieve common organizational and methodologi-cal approaches of libraries to create bio-bibliography in the republic and its presentation in the Internet space. The general picture of the state of biobibliography considered in the article, the mentioned names of famous figures of the republic give a curtailed knowledge about of the development of science, culture and other areas of public life in the past and in modern times.

ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ КОНСТРУКТИВНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ПІДГОТОВКИ БАКАЛАВРІВ З КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКИ В УМОВАХ ОСВІТНЬО-ЦИФРОВОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА

The article highlights the technology of implementing a constructive model of training bachelors in cybersecurity in an educational and digital environment. It is determined that the technology of implementation of the constructive model is based on methodical (methods, recommendations for the implementation of bachelors in cybersecurity in the educational and digital environment, taking into account didactic and psychological aspects), software Based on the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, it is determined that the implementation of a constructive model requires the development of educational programs of syllabuses and educational content in electronic form.It has been proved that work in the educational and digital environment can It is noted that due to such integration, the training of bachelors in cybersecurity in a defined environment can be carried out on an individual trajectory of study. The digital environment uses resources such as a web page, a tutorial, and a link to a file. In each of these resources it is necessary to embed educational video fragments which are placed on a video portal; make references to full-text electronic versions of textbooks contained in the electronic library; make references to scientific materials contained in the institutional repository and scientometric databases to which the university has access; provide links to open online courses and other web resources that will be an additional source of learning materials. It is noted that to create resources for the preparation of bachelors in cybersecurity in an educational and digital environment for laboratory and independent work, screencasts with examples of problem solving are used, which are posted on the video portal; links to guidelines from the electronic library; teamwork services that can be provided by electronic educational systems of the educational institution or external resources. One of the most important components of tasks for laboratory and independent work of bachelors in cybersecurity is access to software packages for tasks. The system of educational and digital environment also provides for group work. The type of group work is determined at the course level for all activities. Each activity also supports group work modes, but if a forced mode is selected at the course level, it cannot be changed within the activity.

TYPES OF DIALOGISM IN FRENCH NEWSPAPER DISCOURSE

The article examines types of dialogism in French newspaper discourse and determines factors that cause dialogism in discourse and lingua-pragmatic forms of realization of its types. These factors are communicative situation and intertextuality. A communicative situation underlies two types of dialogism: the interactional dialogism, which is a speech interaction between a text author and its reader, and the interlocutive dialogism, which is the interaction of speech actors within the interview genre. Intertextuality in the form of quotations in media texts and/or text headlines creates transtextual dialogism, represented by its two forms: intertextual dialogism (speech interaction between a text author and a quotation author) and paratextual dialogism (authorization of a quotation included into the text headline by a text author). The first two types of dialogism and intertextual dialogism are characteristic of various discourse types, whereas paratextual dialogism is a distinctive feature of newspaper discourse. For discourse analysis there were selected texts of various genres from printed and electronic versions of French national and regional newspapers such as Le Monde, Le Figaro, Libération, Le Parisien and Nice-Matin.

Stereotypization and mythologization of the image of Russia in modern Spanish newspapers

The article discusses the stereotyping and mythologization of the image of Russia, identified as a result of an analysis of the modern Spanish press. The empirical base of the study consists of articles of electronic versions of socio-political newspapers “ABC”, “El Pais”, “El Mundo” from 2014 to 2018. The considered time interval is associated with significant changes in international relations and the emergence of differences between the West and Russia on key issues of its foreign and domestic policy. Immediate response of the international community to the actions of Russia has contributed to fundamental changes in its perceptions about the global media space. An important component of the image of the world in the media sphere is the image of the state, which is created primarily through the media. It is formed on the basis of actual events of the surrounding reality, reflects their dynamics, expresses the public consciousness and influences it. Creating a media image of Russia, Spanish newspapers rely on stereotypical ideas and myths about it existing in the West, and also take part in the creation of new ones. Stereotyping and mythologization form a specific negative perception matrix, which negatively affects the image of Russia and demonizes it.

Comparison between electronic and paper versions of patient-reported outcome measures in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an observational study with a cross-over administration

ObjectivesA wide range of electronic devices can be used for data collection of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although comparisons between electronic and...

Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Treated with Isatuximab Plus Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone: Icaria-MM Study

Introduction: Isatuximab (Isa) is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets a specific epitope on CD38 and has been investigated in combination with pomalidomide (P) and low-dose dexamethasone (d) (Isa-Pd) in a phase 3 trial compared to Pd in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). A significant and sustained progression free survival benefit was observed (Richardson et al., 2019). Since health-related quality of life (HRQL) is known to deteriorate with each subsequent line of therapy among RRMM pts, it is critical to determine the effect of adding Isa to the Pd regimen on HRQL. Symptoms such as pain, fatigue and physical functioning have been identified as key drivers of HRQL in oncology populations (Stull et al., 2016, 2017), including RRMM (Baz et al., 2015; FDA-ASCO, 2019; Gonzalez-McQuire et al., 2019; Osbourne 2014). Thus, maintaining or improving HRQL is dependent on managing symptoms and the impact of treatment on physical functioning (PF). Aim: To assess the overall rate of change in patient-reported HRQL associated with adding Isa to the Pd regimen. Additionally, to assess the extent to which changes in patient-reported symptoms and PF predict HRQL. Methods: A post hoc analysis of data from the ICARIA-MM study (NCT02990338) was performed. A total of 307 patients were randomized (154 Isa-Pd, 153 Pd) who received ≥2 prior lines with lenalidomide and a proteasome inhibitor, and were refractory to last therapy. Pts self-completed electronic versions of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire 30-items (EORTC QLQ-C30) on day 1 of each treatment cycle (every 28 days) until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Domains are scored 0-100; for functional domains 0 = poor, 100 = excellent; whereas for symptom domains, 0 = symptom-free, 100 = worst symptoms. Mean scores within each treatment arm at each cycle were descriptively assessed. Flexible longitudinal analyses (latent growth modelling: LGM) were conducted to estimate true predicted rate of change over time in the following domains from the QLQ-C30: global health status/QoL (GHS/QoL), PF, pain, and fatigue. LGMs use all data from all pts at each time point simultaneously to estimate the true mean rate of change for each treatment arm. The focus was not on discrete change scores from one time point to another; but rather on overall trends across the treatment regimens. Joint (bivariate) LGMs were used to assess whether changes in PF, pain, or fatigue predicted changes in GHS/QoL. The models controlled for ECOG status at baseline, age group, prior number of therapy lines, death, and disease progression. Results: Baseline scores were comparable between the treatment arms (Isa-Pd vs Pd: GHS/QoL 60.4 vs 59.5; PF 71.9 vs 72.0; Pain 34.5 vs 33.2; Fatigue 37.9 vs 35.0). No significant change in GHS/QoL was identified for Isa-Pd vs significant worsening for Pd: change at each cycle was a mean [SD] increase of 0.18 [0.03] points for Isa-Pd vs a decrement of 0.50 [0.05] for Pd (P<0.001). For pain and fatigue, no change was observed for Isa-Pd, while symptoms increased for Pd: pain per cycle: -0.12 [0.10] points vs +0.44 [0.06] points (P =0.04); fatigue per cycle: +0.04 [0.01] points vs +0.49 [0.07] (P =0.05). PF scores significantly worsened for Pd but not for Isa-Pd, and the decline was significantly greater for the Pd arm (per cycle: -0.27 [0.05] vs -0.75 [0.05]; P =0.01). The minimal important difference of 10-point change was not reached on any outcome, for either treatment arm. Changes in both pain and PF significantly predicted changes in GHS/QoL in both treatment arms (pain: both β = -0.9, P<0.01; PF: β =1.2 Isa-Pd and β = 0.8 Pd, both P <0.001). Changes in fatigue significantly predicted changes in GHS/QoL for the Pd arm (β = -1.0; P<0.01) but not the Isa-Pd arm (P =0.29). Conclusions: The addition of Isa to Pd has previously been shown to significantly improve progression-free survival over Pd (Richardson et al., 2019). The analyses herewith demonstrated that the addition of Isa to Pd preserves HRQL among RRMM pts. This preservation is, in part, due to management of pain and the delay of physical functioning decrements. Thus, Isa-Pd is an important new treatment option for the management of RRMM. Disclosures Houghton: Sanofi: Consultancy. Dimopoulos:Sanofi Oncology: Research Funding. Lin:Sanofi: Employment. Guillonneau:Sanofi: Employment. Bury:Sanofi: Employment. Richardson:Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Sanofi: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Karyopharm: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oncopeptides: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Research Funding.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ САМОСТІЙНОЇ РОБОТИ СТУДЕНТІВ З ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «АКТУАЛЬНІ ПИТАННЯ МЕТОДИКИ ВИКЛАДАННЯ БІОЛОГІЇ ТА ЕКОЛОГІЇ»

The article deals with the problem of organizing independent work of students in the discipline “Actual questions of teaching methodology of biology and ecology”. Types, forms, groups of exercises for independent fulfillment by the students are characterized. Approaches to the content and the choice of independent work on the example of one discipline in the conditions of a credit-module system in a pedagogical institution of education are revealed. The means of effective organization and management of independent work as a system of cognitive tasks using ICT, which facilitates interactive interaction between a teacher and a student, is sub­stantiated, allows to realize their own potential creative possibilities. Theoretical knowledge of methodological disciplines is acquired through the following types of indepen­dent work, such as: repetition of the topic with the help of handouts or their electronic versions, the indepen­dent processing of various information sources (professional literature, computer system or the Internet), writ­ing out the basic theoretical positions, new concepts and classifications, preparation of problem mini-lectures, development of plans-notes of training sessions and extracurricular activities. Practical skills will help to formulate analytical tasks, in particular using ICT; analysis of the content of teaching and methodological support, textbooks and manuals; preparation and filling of certain types of docu­mentation according to the given sample. The development of cognitive activity of students during independent work contributes to the solution of situational tasks, creative development of teaching materials, the simulation of various educational situations, the implementation of group or collective projects. Individual educational-research task (INDS) is a compulsory form of independent work on the actual prob­lems of teaching biology and ecology in our school. The fulfillment of such a task involves the preparation of abstracts, electronic presentations, projects. Due to the well-organized cooperation of teachers and students, it is possible to increase the activation of independent work of students, to create a favorable creative atmosphere, applying interactive methods and forms of organization of the educational process.

The Artist Libraries Project in the Labex Les passés dans le présent

The creation of the Artist Libraries Project was sparked by the observation that artist libraries are still not well known, yet many art historians are interested in this archive for the value it adds to understanding the person behind the artist and his or her creative process. The problem is that these libraries are rarely physically preserved. To remedy this dispersion, we built an online database and a website www.lesbibliothequesdartistes.org that house this valuable source in the form of lists of books and their electronic versions. First data on Monet's library have been made available, and several additional artist libraries from the 19 th and 20 th centuries are on the way for 2019. By gathering all these bibliographical data in a central database, it's possible to explore one library and to compare several. This article explains how we built the database and the website and how the implementation of those IT tools has raised questions about the use of this resource as an archive on the one hand, as well as its value for art history on the other.

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES IN TEACHING THIRD GRADE PUPILS MATHEMATICS

The effectiveness of teaching in primary schools depends on the pupils’ active engagement. When teaching the pupils of today, different forms and methods have to be used to organise the learning process, rather than opting for the simple transfer of knowledge directly from teacher to pupil. Pupils today do not simply sit and listen to the teacher and answer his/her questions. They also discuss and relate what they are taught to their personal experiences. A number of studies show that a person absorbs different amounts of information when listening, watching, listening and watching, and actively participating. The pupils’ involvement during the different activities in the lesson varies. Their acquisition capacity is different when listening to a teacher’s explanations, reading, observing a demonstration, practicing or using a computer, multimedia and electronic resources. The electronic textbook (also known as e-textbook) is a teaching tool and a rich source of additional tasks and materials for pupils and teachers. Electronic textbooks are digitised versions of paper textbooks. Electronic textbooks can be used online or offline. Electronic versions contain additional materials, such as audio, video, animations, 3D visualisations and interactive tests, as well as hyperlinks to relevant websites. The electronic readable textbook is identical to the approved print edition of the textbook. The electronic readable textbook creates a realistic page-turning effect in PDF format. In Bulgaria, new mathematics learning sets were created for primary school classes in accordance with the new Preschool and School Education Act, which came into force from the 2016/2017 school year, and the modified curricula. An electronic textbook and an electronic readable textbook have been developed for each new textbook. E-textbooks are free of charge for teachers who have chosen to teach using the paper textbook of the relevant publisher. Pupils and parents can also access them after registering on the publisher’s website. The Ministry of Education and Science requires that publishers give parents and pupils free access to electronic readable textbooks.The main idea of this article is to present an analysis of the third grade mathematics textbook published by Anubis and the electronic resources it features (additional tasks and materials). The article will also include the opinions of pedagogical students collected in a survey of the use of electronic textbooks in teaching primary school pupils.

USING ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOKS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION: STUDENTS-PROSPECTIVE PRIMARY TEACHERS' VIEWS

Bulgaria is now in а process of major changes and reforms in the field of education that involve the implementation of various strategies and regulations. Updating the curricula for school and preschool education has led to the development of new textbooks and teaching aids. Primary and middle school textbooks sets for all subjects were replaced with new ones complemented by their compulsory electronic versions. These e-versions are not only covering the topics and content of the printed versions of the textbooks, but include additional e-resources. Some research of the new textbooks contents has already been done by authors such as Kirova (Kirova, 2018; Kирова, 2018). She compares different components of the curriculum content and the way they are developed in the mathematics textbooks, but the components of the adjunct electronic textbooks (e-textbooks) are not yet analysed. Their examination is necessary for teachers’ practice as well as for the preparation of prospective primary teachers for using e-textbooks in the classroom. No special training for working with e-textbooks is provided in prospective teachers’ current university preparation. However, digital competence is one of the key competences which are developed in primary education programs in Faculty of Educational Studies and the Arts (FESA), Sofia University, Bulgaria. Although it is generally acknowledged that students use digital devices very often and their skills are sufficient for blended learning (Цанев, 2018), yet it is not clear if students’ digital competencies are sufficient for using e-textbooks. Furthermore, there is a gap in the literature about students’ views and attitudes towards working with e-textbooks. Along with their competencies, students’ attitudes are important for successful implementation of e-textbooks in their teaching. Therefore, Sofia University Scientific Research Fund funded project №80-10-170/2019 "Practical aspects of students-prospective primary teachers’ preparation for working with electronic resources" whose main objectives include exploration of the views, preparation and readiness of students-prospective primary teachers about the usage of e-textbooks in primary education. As a part of the project, this study analyses students’ views in terms of necessity of using e-textbooks, their benefits and the requirements that e-textbooks have to meet in order to be used effectively in primary education.Data include an online survey which was conducted during the summer term of academic year 2018-2019 and was completed by 166 students-prospective primary teachers from bachelor and master degree programs at FESA (SU), Bulgaria. The results revealed that the surveyed students generally have positive views about the usage of e-textbooks in education and are well aware of their advantages. They recognized their potential to better visualise learning content and save teachers time. The content that e-textbooks should include and the requirements that e-textbooks have to meet in order to be effectively used in the classroom are also discussed in the paper.

EP27.19: Low cost, easy‐to‐use, efficient amniocentesis simulator

Training for the performance of amniocentesis is challenging because this may increase procedure associated risk and failures and can be associated with patient apprehension. The advent of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis has further complicated the situation by reducing the number of patients available for invasive procedures. Training for basic skills and ongoing maintenance and upgrading of skills has, consequently, shifted to amniocentesis simulators. The learning curve has been shifted from real-life patient scenarios to the simulation laboratory. This allows for safer training, reduces the need for repeat interventions for failed procedures, reduces the need for supervision and increases the number of punctures that can be practiced and supervised. Currently available simulators include electronic and mechanical versions. These are expensive or have been too cumbersome to use on a regular basis. A new inexpensive (under 2 Euros) and effective simulator is presented. Amnion and contents are simulated by a water filled condom and fetus-shaped commercial toys. Maternal tissues are simulated by ultrasound gel and kitchen grade plastic clingfilm. These are placed in a disposable food container that is at least five inches deep. The gain of confidence by trainees is assessed by post training questionnaires. Improvement in technical skills is assessed by a Trainee Supervisor and includes techniques of holding the transducer and needle, identifying the target, visualising the entire needle path on the screen, optimising ultrasound settings and smooth aspiration of fluid content. All trainees reported increased confidence, with a greater gain reported by new trainees compared to audit trainees. Supervisor given scores improved when the number of punctures was increased from 10 per trainee to 30 per trainee. Simulator training on a low cost model is feasible and allows for adequate initial training and ongoing skills supervision. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

A Delphi study to establish consensus on an educational package of musculoskeletal clinical prediction rules for physiotherapy clinical educators

BackgroundClinical prediction rules (CPRs) are evidence-based tools to aid clinical decision-making, and there are many that are relevant for physiotherapists, especially in the musculoskeletal field. However, a lack of awareness and understanding by physiotherapy clinical educators could limit students’ exposure to these potentially valuable tools. An educational package tailored for clinical educators could help them recognise the value of CPRs and implement them in clinical practice with students. ObjectivesTo determine consensus on the essential content and optimal delivery of an educational package on musculoskeletal CPRs for physiotherapy clinical educators. DesignAn online survey of physiotherapy experts who have published on CPRs, using a Delphi approach. MethodSixteen experts were recruited for a two-round reactive Delphi study in which they rated previously identified elements, as well as suggesting new items for an educational package. FindingsA pre-defined consensus of ≥70% identified that the content of an educational package should cover fundamental aspects of CPRs including why, when and how to use them clinically, and their limitations. Information on the evidence-base of different types of CPRs, with specific examples, was also identified as important. Online delivery was recommended via self-directed learning and webinars, along with electronic versions of actual CPRs. A self-assessment component was also supported. ConclusionsAn educational package on musculoskeletal CPRs for clinical educators was supported with key elements outlined by an international panel of experts. ImplicationsImproving clinical educators’ knowledge of CPRs may lead to physiotherapy students having a greater understanding and ability to use CPRs.

Teaching and Developing Reading Skills

As an ESL instructor and administrator, I often find myself uneasy when approaching textbook-like sources for teachers, with long and fragmented books providing hyper-specific information regarding teaching a particular language skill. These books must walk a difficult line between theoretical grounding and practical application, and although they often try to please everyone, all too frequently they do not. In contrast, Peter Watkins’s Teaching and Developing Reading Skills is a helpful volume written for teachers by an experienced researcher/teacher. Watkins moves away from traditional intensive reading and comprehension checks for assessment, instead arguing for a more holistic and reflective approach to teaching reading. The stated goal for the book in the introduction is ‘to support teachers, and the successful teaching of reading, through providing practical classroom activities’ (p. 10). These activities are all included in the book, with printable electronic versions available through the Cambridge University Press website. In the introduction, Watkins summarizes the motivation for the book. The complexity of the reading process and different perspectives on the best way to teach L2 reading are central here. Watkins focuses on perspectives on how learners read, on intensive versus extensive reading, and on moving toward a more balanced reading programme, away from factual comprehension checks. The reader (who he assumes to be a reading instructor) is encouraged to use the book as a resource guide, both for the brief summary sections of the challenges in teaching reading skills at the beginning of each chapter, and for the activities themselves.

A Comparison of Computerized and Paper and Pencil Versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

Abstract Date Presented 04/06/19 The purpose of this study was to compare the results of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) paper and electronic versions when administered to older adults. Additionally, factors related to participant preferences and familiarity with computerized tablets were considered. This research encourages practitioners to be cognizant of the mode of assessments they use as it may impact client performance. Primary Author and Speaker: Mackenzie Rodgers Additional Authors and Speakers: Elena Donoso Brown Contributing Authors: Sarah Wallace, Richard Simpson, Alexander Kranjec, Kristin D'Acunto, Caroline Agostino, Mary Rose Zoeckler

Development and Performance of Electronic Pediatric Risk of Mortality and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 Automated Acuity Scores.

Develop and test the performance of electronic version of the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pediatric Risk of Mortality-IV and electronic version of the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 scores. Retrospective, single-center cohort derived from structured electronic health record data. Large, quaternary PICU at a freestanding, university-affiliated children's hospital. All encounters with a PICU admission between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2017, identified using electronic definitions of inpatient encounter. None. The main outcome was predictive validity of each score for hospital mortality, assessed as model discrimination and calibration. Discrimination was examined with the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve and the area under the precision-recall curve. Calibration was assessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test and calculation of a standardized mortality ratio. Models were recalibrated with new regression coefficients in a training subset of 75% of encounters selected randomly from all years of the cohort and the calibrated models were tested in the remaining 25% of the cohort. Content validity was assessed by examining correlation between electronic versions of the scores and prospectively calculated data (electronic version of the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pediatric Risk of Mortality-IV) and an alternative informatics approach (Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score). The cohort included 21,335 encounters. Correlation coefficients indicated strong agreement between different methods of score calculation. Uncalibrated area under the receiver operating characteristics curves were 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95-0.97) for electronic version of the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.85-0.89) for electronic version of the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pediatric Risk of Mortality-IV for inpatient mortality. The uncalibrated electronic version of the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pediatric Risk of Mortality-IV standardized mortality ratio was 0.63 (0.59-0.66), demonstrating strong agreement with previous, prospective evaluation at the study center. The uncalibrated electronic version of the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction-2 score standardized mortality ratio was 0.20 (0.18-0.21). All models required recalibrating (all Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit, p < 0.001) and subsequently demonstrated acceptable goodness-of-fit when examined in a test subset (n = 5,334) of the cohort. Electronically derived intensive care acuity scores demonstrate very good to excellent discrimination and can be calibrated to institutional outcomes. This approach can facilitate both performance improvement and research initiatives and may offer a scalable strategy for comparison of interinstitutional PICU outcomes.

An electronic patient-reported outcomes measurement system in paediatric orthopaedics.

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate the reliability, review differences and assess patient satisfaction of electronic patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) compared with paper PROMs.MethodsParticipants between 12 and 19 years of age with a knee-related primary complaint were randomized into two groups. Group 1 completed paper PROMs followed by electronic, while Group 2 received the electronic followed by paper. PROMs included the Pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (Pedi-IKDC), Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Pediatric Functional Activity Brief Scale (HSS Pedi-FABS), Tegner Activity Level Scale, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), PedsQL Teen and a satisfaction survey.ResultsIn all, 87 participants were enrolled with one excluded due to incomplete PROMs. Of the 86 participants, 54 were female and 32 were male with an average age of 14.3 years (12 to 18). A high degree of reliability was found when comparing the paper and electronic versions of the Pedi-IKDC (0.946; p < 0.001), HSS Pedi-FABS (0.923; p < 0.001), PedsQL Teen (0.894; p < 0.001), Tegner Activity Level Scale before injury (0.848; p < 0.001) and the Tegner Activity Level Scale after (0.930; p < 0.001). Differences were noted between the VAS scores, with paper scores being significantly higher than electronic (5.3 versus 4.6; p < 0.001). While not significant, a trend was noted in which electronic PROMs took, overall, less time than paper (10.0 mins versus 11.2 mins; p = 0.096).Of all participants, 69.8% preferred the electronic PROMs, 67.4% felt they were faster, 93.0% stated they would complete forms at home prior to appointments and 91.8% were not concerned about the safety/privacy of electronic forms.ConclusionPROMs captured electronically were reliable when compared with paper. Electronic PROMs may be quicker, will not require manual scoring and are preferred by patients.Level of EvidenceII

A-82 Neuropsychological Assessment in the Age of Technology: Comparing Traditional Paper versus Electronic Administration

Abstract Objective As society becomes more interconnected with technology, it is important to examine how traditional “paper and pencil” administered neuropsychological tests can be utilized in digital electronic forms (e.g., computers, touch screen tablets, and smartphones). Literature has shown somewhat mixed outcomes for the validity of computerized tests. Gathering data electronically has been found to reduce human error in both test administration and in data collection itself. Digitizing carries benefits in the research field where electronic administration may make it possible to gather data on a larger scale numerically and geographically. However, in some conversions to digital versions of a task, changes may be made to the stimuli and procedure that might seemingly be benign, but could activate different cognitive responses, potentially compromising construct validity. This study examined the comparability of paper and electronic forms of the Stroop task, which is used widely and has been previously validated in paper form. Method Electronic Stroop tests were examined for concurrent validity with a paper version. Two touch-screen based apps were examined: BrainBaseline for the iPad and EncephalApp for smartphone. Young and older adults (n = 58) completed paper and an electronic version of the Stroop. Results Correlation analyses revealed a significant, but modest relationship between paper Stroop and the BrainBaseline version (r = .54; p = .001), while the EncephalApp correlation was non-significant (r = .44; p = .18). Conclusions These results need to be verified in a larger sample, but the implication is that some paper and electronic versions of cognitive tests are not necessarily interchangeable, and caution should be used.

Proximity and choice of College of Distance Education (CoDE) of the University of Cape Coast for further studies

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the proximity of study centres to the students of College of Distance Education, University of Cape Coast (CoDE/UCC) and whether further studies of distance learners who were teachers and employees could lead to absenteeism in their workplaces.Design/methodology/approachA sequential explanatory strategy was used. A self-administered questionnaire and unstructured interviews as well as observation guides were employed to collect data from 2,077 students pursuing business and education programmes of CoDE in all study centres across Ghana. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and pattern matching of content analysis.FindingsThe study found that few teachers and other workers pursuing the distance education do absent themselves from the workplace or classroom on Fridays preceding their face-to-face session because they embarked on their journey to the study centres on Friday morning. Some teachers also absented themselves from work on Mondays after face-to-face sessions for a lack of means of transport on Sunday after lessons. The absenteeism of these respondents directly and indirectly affected their employers, students and customers.Practical implicationsIt was therefore recommended that management of CoDE/UCC should open more study centres in all the regions especially Western, Ashanti, Upper East, Northern and Upper West Regions to reduce number of hours spent by students to their study centres and consider introducing the business programmes at the existing district centres to reduce average distance covered by these students to commute from their places of work to their respective centres in the regional capitals. It was also recommended that online/electronic learning and audio versions (impersonal communication) of the study modules should be introduced so that students would not necessary have to travel to the study centre to participate in lectures/face-to-face sessions.Originality/valueThe findings of this study will help managers and administrators of both public and private distance educational providers. In addition to providing basis and areas for establishing study centres for geographical proximity, findings of the study should prove helpful for designing and delivering electronic and audio versions of distance education modules to reduce the level of absenteeism in workplace for the students.

Posthuman Glossary

Posthuman Glossary