Electronic Transactions Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI DESAIN PRIVASI SEBAGAI PELINDUNGAN PRIVASI ATAS DATA BIOMETRIK

Attention to biometric data security has become urgent for protecting user privacy. In the context of the Protection of Data Privacy (PDP) Law, biometric data are classified as specific data, requiring extra protection due to their unique, non-exchangeable characteristics. This study uses a normative approach, analyzing legislation and legal comparisons through regional and international regulations, to examine two issues: the position of biometric data as specific data under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and PDP Law, and the technical solutions through privacy by design to protect biometric data. The research findings are: (1) Biometric data are correlated with privacy and personal rights, classifying them as specific data. Their use for public and private interests raises the potential for privacy violations. (2) Technical solutions through privacy by design can begin with implementing consent at the registration stage by personal data controllers, ensuring the processing of biometric data achieves specific purposes.

Approaches to interpreting emojis as evidence in South African courts: a forensic linguistic perspective

This article highlights the importance of emojis as evidence in courts of law. The article outlines the history of emojis from a global perspective, and how they have come to be used as a form of implicit and explicit communication. The global inconsistency of the interpretation of emojis is explored against the backdrop of multilingualism and multiculturalism. This creates complications when emojis are presented as evidence in both criminal and civil cases. All of the above is explored in relation to South African courts, and emojis are examined as part of the discipline of forensic linguistics. The Electronic Communications and Transactions Act, 25 of 2002 (ECT Act) provides guidelines on the rules of admissibility pertaining to data messages and other electronic communications, and is used for the interpretation of emojis as evidence in courts. Recommendations are made regarding the use of emojis as evidence in courts of law.

Digital Evidence Tracing in the Investigation of Identity Theft in the E-Commerce Era

This research analyzes the application of regulations in prosecuting cyber crime in identity theft on e-commerce platforms in Indonesia. This study uses normative juridical research methods. This research considers various relevant laws, such as the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE), the Criminal Code (KUHP), the Copyright Law, the Telecommunications Law, the Company Documents Law, and the Money Laundering Crime Law. Analysis shows that this law provides a strong legal basis for law enforcement to take action against cybercriminals and impose appropriate criminal sanctions. Apart from that, the law regulates electronic evidence, strengthening the investigation process against perpetrators. However, prosecuting cybercrime cases of identity theft on e-commerce platforms often experiences obstacles, especially in arresting suspects and confiscating evidence. This is due to the characteristics of digital crimes which are often complex and difficult to trace, as well as the lack of adequate capabilities and resources on the part of law enforcement in handling these types of cases. Greater efforts are needed to increase law enforcement capacity, as well as closer cooperation between authorities and e-commerce platform providers to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement in dealing with cybercrime

Kebijakan Perlindungan Data Pribadi Dalam Menanggulangi Kejahatan Lintas Negara di Era Ekonomi Digital

The Digital Economy Era as a driver of economic growth in Indonesia has penetrated almost all aspects of life. The rapid development of the digital economy has the potential to create risks and challenges in the future. The widespread use of digital technology in electronic transactions has made information no longer limited as a medium for transactions and communication, but rather a source of profit in the economy. Personal data information is not always used correctly, and can even be misused by irresponsible parties. Facing this, the importance of protecting personal data in electronic transactions, by strengthening a digital- based security system to mitigate the risk of crime in the digital economy era.

Legal Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in the Digital Era

This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods to examine the legal protection of intellectual property rights (HMI) in the digital era. The research results show that the legal protection of HMI in the digital era still faces various significant challenges. Even though regulations such as Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE) exist, their implementation could be more effective. The leading causes are a need for more public knowledge and awareness about the importance of HMI, as well as limited law enforcement resources and technology. Collaboration between the government and digital platforms needs to be improved, while international cooperation is also crucial in dealing with cross-border HMI violations. This research recommends increasing public education and awareness, strengthening regulations, adopting advanced technology such as AI, closer cooperation with digital platforms, increasing law enforcement capacity and resources, and efficient dispute resolution mechanisms. With a more holistic and integrated approach, HMI protection in the digital era can be significantly improved, providing justice for rights owners and encouraging the development of a healthier and more innovative creative industry.

KESADARAN BERBUDI LUHUR DALAM BERMEDIA SOSIAL UNTUK MENGHINDARI TINDAKAN UJARAN KEBENCIAN MENURUT AGAMA HINDU

Social Media has become an important part of people's lives amidst the development of information technology. The development of information technology, especially social media, has had many positive and negative impacts. The negative impact is hate speech. Technological advances give perpetrators influence in carrying out hate speech because of the availability of tools and facilities that are easy to obtain. These facilities include ease of obtaining a smartphone, multiple facilities or features, profile cloning. This convenience should be accompanied by legal awareness, especially the Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE) Law and having noble character. Hindu religious teachings which teach the creation of noble character and essentially everything is oriented towards fostering ethics and noble character.

Estimating the elasticity of substitution when compiling the CES cost of living index on scanner data

AbstractScanner data are electronic transaction data that specify turnover and the number of items sold by barcodes, e.g., the Global Trade Article Number. These data are of particular value and interest to theorists and practitioners who wish to measure the Cost of Living Index or the Consumer Price Index, since their complete content makes it possible to compute any price index formula, including superlative indices or CES (Constant Elasticity Substitution) indices. Since the CES index requires the estimation of the elasticity of substitution, this paper focuses on verifying various methods of estimating this parameter based on scanner data. The paper considers both algebraic methods and methods based on the panel regression approach. The main achievement of the paper is the separation of the main factors that affect the estimated value of the elasticity of substitution, i.e., the type of data filter used and the level of data aggregation. The paper also verifies how the elasticity of substitution estimates affect the differences between the values of the CES indices based on these estimates.

Dynamics of Inflation in Indonesia: The Role of CPI, E-Money, Money Supply (M1), and Exchange Rate

This research aims to compare the influence of the consumer price index (CPI), electronic money transactions (e-money), money supply (M1) and exchange rates on inflation in Indonesia between the periods before the pandemic and after the Covid-19 pandemic . This research is a quantitative research with 67 data samples obtained. The data used in this study is published on the official website of the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia. The analysis in this study uses the Chow Test and Error Correction Model with the Engle-Granger method and also multiple linear regression with the OLS method assisted by the Eviews 9 data processing software. The results of the Chow test show that the regression model is differentiated according to the period; before and after the pandemic. The results of the OLS test before the pandemic, the variable value of e-money transactions and the money supply affected the inflation rate, while the CPI, exchange rate, and BI rate were not affected. After Covid-19, the analysis results showed that the CPI, exchange rate, and BI Rate had a significant effect on the inflation rate. Meanwhile, the variable value of e-money transactions and the money supply has no effect on inflation rate in Indonesia.

Legal protection of personal data in e-commerce online transactions with the paylater method

The internet has been widely used in Indonesia as a support for communication and information in various electronic media. The rapid development of the times makes technology even more increasing. This gave rise to several e-commerce applications in online sales and purchases such as Shopee, Tokopedia, Akulaku, Traveloka, and many others, some of these e-commerce applications have features that can make it easier for consumers to make buying and selling transactions, namely the Paylater feature. The focus of this research is to find out about the legal protection of personal data to consumers and the efforts made to the parties in an e-commerce transaction using the PayLater method. This research uses the Normative Juridical method and applies legislative and conceptual approaches. The results of the research obtained found that legal protection for PayLater Credit service users is contained in the regulations of Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, POJK Number 77 / POJK.01 / 2016 and Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. And in Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection. Meanwhile, PayLater Credit dispute resolution is more effectively implemented with the APS (Alternative Dispute Resolution) method, one of which is by creating a PSD (Online Dispute Resolution) institution.

Comparative evaluation of machine learning algorithms for phishing site detection.

The advent of Internet technologies has resulted in the proliferation of electronic trading and the use of the Internet for electronic transactions, leading to a rise in unauthorized access to sensitive user information and the depletion of resources for enterprises. As a consequence, there has been a marked increase in phishing, which is now considered one of the most common types of online theft. Phishing attacks are typically directed towards obtaining confidential information, such as login credentials for online banking platforms and sensitive systems. The primary objective of such attacks is to acquire specific personal information to either use for financial gain or commit identity theft. Recent studies have been conducted to combat phishing attacks by examining domain characteristics such as website addresses, content on websites, and combinations of both approaches for the website and its source code. However, businesses require more effective anti-phishing technologies to identify phishing URLs and safeguard their users. The present research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of eight machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms, including support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), logistic regression (LR), convolutional neural network (CNN), and DL model and assess their performances in identifying phishing. This study utilizes two real datasets, Mendeley and UCI, employing performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, false positive rate (FPR), and F-1 score. Notably, CNN exhibits superior accuracy, emphasizing its efficacy. Contributions include using purpose-specific datasets, meticulous feature engineering, introducing SMOTE for class imbalance, incorporating the novel CNN model, and rigorous hyperparameter tuning. The study demonstrates consistent model performance across both datasets, highlighting stability and reliability.

Penerapan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual di Lingkungan Kampus

This research discusses the negative impact of the internet on society, especially related to cases of sexual violence and revenge porn. Through a descriptive qualitative approach with secondary data analysis, this research highlights a tragic case in Pandeglang, Banten, where a female student, IAK, became a victim of rape and distribution of revenge pornographic content by her ex-boyfriend, Alwi Husein Maolana. This case reflects the complexity of the challenges in dealing with sexual violence in cyberspace, where victims face various forms of physical and psychological violence, as well as threats and blackmail. Even though the perpetrator was punished under the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE), there is the potential to charge him with other articles related to sexual violence, rape and coercion. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive and fair law enforcement in dealing with cybercrime and sexual violence, as well as the importance of deeper awareness and understanding of related legal concepts to protect victims and punish perpetrators appropriately. Thus, this research provides valuable insight into the need for legal reform and public awareness in addressing the negative impact of the internet on sexual violence.

Prinsip Jaminan Hukum Sebagai Jaminan Sertifikasi Tanda Tangan Elektronik

Technological developments by international organizations see the need for recognition and regulation of legal certainty in the field of information technology, regarding electronic transactions with digital signatures. Legal certainty regulates clearly and logically, which means there is clarity and firmness in the application of law to e-signature regulations, and e-signature certification to guarantee legal certainty. Regulations on the use of e-signatures are regulated in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Recognition of electronic signatures as valid legal evidence and electronic certification providers. The use of e-Signature is also regulated in implementing laws and regulations, namely Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions, including the introduction of electronic signatures as a legal instrument, electronic signatures as a means of authentication and verification, data for creating electronic signatures , electronic signature signing process, electronic certification organizer. To use electronic signatures, you need to choose a company that has received certification and can operate globally without having to worry about document security.

Buying And Selling Transactions On Social Media Are Prohibited: Review Of The Law Of Buying And Selling Between Justice, Welfare And Human Rights

Technology has greatly influenced commercial activity, particularly in the area of electronic commerce, where products or services can be promoted, marketed, sold and purchased electronically. While this has brought many benefits, it has also raised concerns regarding violating Consumer Rights. Law No. 8 Year 1999 aims to ensure legal certainty in e-commerce transactions. This article discusses the regulation of the legal protection of consumers in e-commerce transactions and the problems that it is facing. The research method is based on a normative legal approach. Written law and literature are examined and related to real events. The analysis conducted is descriptive, collecting data and relating it to real events. It is concluded that consumer protection regulations have not been effective in preventing fraud committed by economic actors in electronic transactions. In order to prevent crimes committed by economic actors and to provide a legal umbrella for consumers, the existence of a consumer protection law is expected.

Penegakan Hukum terhadap Tindak Pidana Penipuan terhadap Konsumen dalam Usaha Jual Beli Online di Kota Kupang

Legal protection against fraud against consumers in online business has been regulated in the Criminal Code Articles 378 and 379 and Article 28 paragraph (1) jo. Article 45 paragraph (2) of the ITE Law regulates false news that results in consumer losses in Electronic Transactions. This research is a research that uses an empirical approach method, namely an approach based on the type of data and data analysis. The results of this study found (1) Law enforcement against criminal acts of fraud against consumers in the online buying and selling business in Kupang City runs based on existing legal rules, namely both the Criminal Code and the ITE Law, namely Article 378 of the Criminal Code and Article 28 paragraph (1) of Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. (2) Efforts to protect consumers in criminal acts of fraud on e-commerce sites in Kupang City are preventive efforts to prevent the occurrence of such criminal acts. Then repressive efforts to provide criminal sanctions in accordance with applicable regulations. This effort can be done by the way victims can report criminal acts of fraud by visiting law enforcement agencies for further processing.

Techno-Realism: Navigating New Challenges in the Contemporary Role of Technology in Politics

This paper aims to introduce a new theory, techno-realism, which is derived from political realism, to help comprehend the complex connections between technology and politics. According to techno-realism, technology serves as a means of power, with the innate drive for survival in human nature shaping the formation of identity. The research question at the core of this study revolves around the extent to which technology influences contemporary political science and whether it truly serves as a means of power. Three concepts are introduced: identity establishment, technology as the central source of power, and non-state actors in politics. The primary case study focuses on the complexity of the issue in Xinjiang, examining the application of cyberpolitics in the region. The second case study explores technology’s role in Indonesia’s political power struggle, as evidenced by its 2024 elections and the abuse of information and electronic transaction law effectiveness to control freedom of speech. Additionally, this paper introduces a case study on the Indo-Pacific regional power dynamics in confronting “digital authoritarianism”. This paper underscores the imperative for a new theoretical framework, adapted from political realism, which despite being subject to considerable criticism, has the potential for further development, placing technology at the core of analysis. Recognising the central roles of technology, identity formation, and non-state actors, techno-realism offers valuable insights for navigating complex political landscapes and informing strategic responses to emerging challenges. However, further research is needed to understand completely its applicability and limitations across different contexts, as demonstrated by the case studies presented in this paper.

Legal Protection for Both Parties in the Execution of E-Commerce Based Buying and Selling Agreements Grounded in Justice

The internet media used for trading is known as electronic commerce (e-commerce), a business process that provides facilities between buyers and sellers or companies, consumers, and specific communities in electronic transactions related to goods, services, and information. In order for the parties involved in the transaction to feel more comfortable and secure, electronic transactions have been regulated in the ITE Law. The research method used in this study is normative or doctrinal. The nature of this legal research is prescriptive. The technique of collecting legal materials in this research is through document study or literature review. The results of the study indicate that the process of implementing buying and selling transactions through e-commerce is carried out in several stages, namely Offer, Acceptance, Payment, and Delivery. The buying and selling agreement through e-commerce is included in electronic contracts. Based on Article 1 number 17 of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Article 1320 of the Civil Code which is then reaffirmed in Article 47 paragraph (2) of Government Regulation Number 88 of 2012 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions. Legal protection for Shopee consumers is based on the Consumer Protection Law Number 8 of 1999 and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law No. 11 of 2008 can be seen in regulations regarding consumer rights protection and compensation.

Whether to share personal financial information through blockchain? – an intermediary perspective

ABSTRACT Information sharing is of great importance in the financial market. Most current electronic transaction systems do not encourage investors to freely share information such as risk assessment records. Blockchain, a decentralised technology with high security features, is expected to improve the current systems. However, little is known about whether blockchain-based electronic transaction systems contribute to investors’ willingness to share personal financial information. This study adopts a vignette-based experiment to enrich previous studies by explaining the relationship between blockchain and investors’ behaviour. This study introduced investor empowerment, trust belief, risk belief, and perceived uncertainty as mediating variables and considered how these mediating variables interact with each other. Independent sample t-test and structural equation modelling were used to examine the causal relationship between independent and dependent variables, and the role of mediating effect. For text analysis of interview dialogues, keyword extraction and sentiment analysis were used to understand the participants’ focus and sentiment attitude toward electronic transaction systems based on blockchain and non-blockchain. The results show that blockchain can build trust, reduce risk belief and perceived uncertainty by empowering investors, thus increasing investors’ information sharing intention and investment intention. Furthermore, investors have significantly more positive emotional attitudes toward blockchain-based systems.

The Relationship between Business Actors and Consumers According to the Review of Electronic Transaction Law

This research aims to analyze the relationship between business actors and consumers in electronic transactions according to a review of electronic transaction law in Indonesia. This research uses normative legal research methods with a doctrinal type of research. Primary data is obtained from primary legal materials such as laws, government regulations, and court decisions. Meanwhile, secondary data is obtained from secondary legal materials such as books, scientific journals and legal articles. The data analysis technique used is qualitative analysis. The research results show that the relationship between business actors and consumers in electronic transactions is regulated in Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE), Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK), and statutory regulations. other related. Business actors have an obligation to provide correct and clear information about the products or services offered, as well as guarantee the security of electronic transactions. Consumers have the right to obtain correct and clear information about products or services, as well as the right to resolve disputes fairly.

Pornography in The Perspective of Islamic and National Law

This research aims to explain the perspective of Islamic and national law on pornography. This is a normative juridical research with a comparative approach which is analyzed by prescriptive analysis. The results of the research show that Islamic and national law have the same paradigm towards pornography as a despicable act which is prohibited by sharia and the constitution. There are at least two terms in Islamic law that have intersections with pornography; first, the term aurat, which is a part of the human body that should not be shown or must be covered because it can cause shame (QS.24: 58) and arouse the sexual desires of others who see it (QS.33: 59). Secondly, tabarruj, which describes a person in a dress that tends to be indecent or characterizes the appearance of a dishonorable person. Meanwhile, national law regulates this pornography in several regulations such as Law No. 44/2008 on Pornography; several articles in the Criminal Code; Law No. 32/2002 on Broadcasting; Law No. 8/1992 on Film; Law No. 40/1999 on Press; Law No. 36/1999 on Telecommunications; and Law No.11/2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions.

Terjadi Penyempitan Ruang Demokratis Di Indonesia yang Makin Menguat Gejalanya di Masa Pandemi

Indonesia has undergone a transition towards a democratic system since the 1998 reformasi, but the quality of its democracy has significantly declined since 2013. Civil liberties have decreased, accompanied by an increase in persecution cases against minority groups and the use of the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (ITE) to restrict freedom of speech. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed additional challenges with emergency policies that limit human rights, such as freedom of assembly and movement, as well as the adoption of controversial laws that have sparked protests. Political elites play a key role in upholding democracy and civil liberties. Strengthening democracy in the future requires better political transparency, strong protection of human rights, and active civil society participation in monitoring the political process. With these steps, Indonesia can continue its journey towards a more inclusive, transparent, and resilient political system in the future.