Testing Of Electronic Systems Research Articles

Study on influencing factors of controllable mechanical behavior of rock-like porous materials.

Due to the discrete and non-homogeneous of similar materials and the inability to realize large-size and original scale modeling, it is difficult to restore the structure and stress state of underground coal and rock mass in similar simulation tests. To solve this problem, a lightweight and suitable for large-scale modeling similar material, rock-like porous material has been developed. The quasi-static uniaxial compression experiment was carried out by using the large tonnage multi-module electronic control test system. And the influencing factors of controllable mechanical behavior of rock-like porous materials were studied. The results showed that, under uniaxial compression conditions, the material stress-strain curve exhibits three phases: elastic stage, failure stage, and platform stage. The uniaxial compressive strength, elasticity modulus, stress drop, and softening modulus of rock-like porous materials basically increase with the increase of density. The stress after peak strength changes from a slow decrease to a "stepped" or even "cliff like" downward trend. Polypropylene fibers have the effect of enhancing the uniaxial compressive strength, elasticity modulus, stress drop, softening modulus, shear deformation, and residual strength stability of rock-like porous materials. The rock-like porous material has a critical loading velocity, and it increases with density. At the critical loading velocity, the material shows obvious shear failure, and the shear inclination angle is the largest, and so is the uniaxial compressive strength. Through the experimental research, the influence laws of density, polypropylene fiber, and loading velocity on the failure mode, mechanical parameters, and mechanical behavior of the material are clarified, and the quantitative relationship between density and each mechanical parameter is obtained. The research is helpful to realize the accurate control of mechanical behavior of rock-like porous materials and further inverts the deformation and failure mechanism of underground coal and rock structures through indoor similar simulation tests.

A Behavior-Based Model to Validate Electronic Systems Designed to Collect Patient-Reported Outcomes: Model Development and Application.

The merits of technology have been adopted in capturing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) by incorporating PROs into electronic systems. Following the development of an electronic system, evaluation of system performance is crucial to ensuring the collection of meaningful data. In contemporary PRO literature, electronic system validation is overlooked, and evidence on validation methods is lacking. This study aims to introduce a generalized concept to guide electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) providers in planning for system-specific validation methods. Since electronic systems are essentially products of software engineering endeavors, electronic systems used to collect PRO should be viewed from a computer science perspective with consideration to the health care environment. On this basis, a testing model was blueprinted and applied to a newly developed ePRO system designed for clinical use in pediatric dentistry (electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire-Paediatric Dentistry) to investigate its thoroughness. A behavior-based model of ePRO system validation was developed based on the principles of user acceptance testing and patient-centered care. The model allows systematic inspection of system specifications and identification of technical errors through simulated positive and negative usage pathways in open and closed environments. The model was able to detect 15 positive errors with 1 unfavorable response when applied to electronic Personal Assessment Questionnaire-Paediatric Dentistry system testing. The application of the behavior-based model to a newly developed ePRO system showed a high ability for technical error detection in a systematic fashion. The proposed model will increase confidence in the validity of ePRO systems as data collection tools in future research and clinical practice.

Teaching Strategies for Automotive Engine Electronic Control System Testing and Maintenance Course under the “1+X” Certificate System

With the continuous development of China’s economy, cars have become the most common means of transportation for people. However, due to this impact, the contradiction between the market demand for after-sales services such as car testing and maintenance and the actual supply of professional technical personnel has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, strengthening the education reform of automotive inspection and maintenance professional technology has become an important task for major vocational colleges. The “1+X” certificate system has become a new norm in vocational education reform in China due to its significant advantages in cultivating students’ professional knowledge and skills to obtain professional skills certificates. Based on this, this article takes the course of automotive engine electronic control system testing and maintenance as an example to explain the practical significance and strategies of course teaching based on the “1+X” certificate system, aiming to further promote professional teaching reform and provide some reference for colleagues.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СУЧАСНИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОКОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ У ВИЩІЙ МАТЕМАТИЧНІЙ ОСВІТІ

The article discusses the relevance of using information and communication technologies (ICT) in higher mathematical education within the context of the contemporary educational environment characterized by rapid technological changes. It is noted that effective utilization of ICT, such as electronic journals, multimedia technologies, testing systems, and computer mathematics systems, contributes to the improvement of the teaching and learning process. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of reviewing and modifying teaching methodologies for mathematical disciplines to integrate innovative solutions. Furthermore, the use of information and communication technologies in higher mathematical education is deemed highly relevant due to the rapid development of the modern technological environment and the needs of the contemporary job market. The implementation of electronic journals, multimedia technologies, testing systems, and computer mathematics not only enhances the efficiency of teaching mathematical disciplines but also helps create a solid foundation for the future professional success of students. Electronic journals serve not only as convenient tools for administrative processes but also as platforms for active interaction among students, teachers, and administration, fostering the development of academic community and stimulating discussions and collaboration. Multimedia technologies, such as video lessons, interactive exercises, and simulations, provide students with opportunities to better grasp material and understand complex concepts, opening up new possibilities for personalized learning and adaptation to various learning styles. Testing systems, particularly those based on interactive platforms, enable instructors to effectively monitor students' knowledge and track their progress, as well as provide opportunities for personalized learning through automatic adaptation of task complexity Computer mathematics systems, including software packages for numerical and symbolic computations, become an integral part of modern mathematical education, empowering students to efficiently solve complex mathematical problems and explore new concepts, thus stimulating their creative potential and innovative approach to problem-solving. Together with educational platforms and distance learning systems, these tools contribute to the modernization and optimization of the educational process, leading to the improvement of the quality of higher mathematical education and the preparation of qualified professionals for the contemporary world.

An Online Assessment : Survey Panel

Abstract : The Electronic Test System (ETS) is crafted to streamline the assessment process, allowing examiners to effortlessly create and administer exams. Examiners can incorporate a variety of question types, including multiple-choice and open-ended text responses. The system utilizes advanced techniques to automate the evaluation of assessments, drawing from a database of questions curated by administrators. The ETS boasts intelligent capabilities for evaluating written responses, recognizing not only exact matches but also synonymous terms within the answers. Additionally, the system offers a manual override feature, enabling examiners to manually review and adjust exam results when necessary. With a user-friendly interface, the ETS accommodates examiners, candidates, and super administrators. Users can assume roles as either examiners or candidates. Upon logging in, candidates can view and complete their scheduled assessments from any location with internet access, removing the need for traditional tools like pen and paper. The ETS aims to provide a comprehensive and efficient assessment solution. This fully automated system saves time, delivers quick and accurate results, and allows candidates the flexibility to complete exams conveniently from any location. Keywords: Assessment, Evaluator, Participant, Administrator, Manual Review, Automated Evaluation System

ELECTRONIC TEST SYSTEM

Abstract : The electronic test system (ETS) will assist in speeding up the process of conducting assessment. Examiner will be able to conduct exams by integrating a set of questions. The questions can be multiple choice questions or text solution to the questions. The methodology will have the potential to do automated processing of the results of assessment based on the question which admin has put into database. The methodology will have brainy capabilities to pick the writing based solutions when not only there is an exact match, but it will also find out same solutions by verifying/scanning the synonyms of the words used in the solution. The ETS methodology engine will also avail us with the manual override specification where the examiner can manually pick up or update the result for an exam. The methodology will present an effortless to use interface for examiner, Candidates and Super Admin. Any person can act as an examiner or candidate. Once logged in, candidate will be able to see the assessments due and can take the assessment.The main aim of online network based Electronic Test System is to effectively form an idea to assess the applicant exhaustively through a fully automatic methodology that not only spares you with a lot of time but also gives speeder and exact conclusions. For Candidates, they give exam according to their comfort from any location by using net and there is no essentiality of using add-ons like pen, papers, etc. Keywords: Examination, Examiner, Candidate, Super Admin. Manual Override, Automated System

A novel approach of fatigue testing and evaluation of electronic systems based on phase tracking

This paper presents an experimental approach to perform fatigue testing of a lightly damped electronic assembly subjected to harmonic excitation. By leveraging the power of the phase locked loop control algorithm, our proposed work aims to accurately track the phase of the system. This innovative approach enables precise measurement of the drop in resonant frequency due to fatigue, enhancing overall damage prediction. The proposed approach exploits the characteristics of the materials that the phase at the resonance is constant and for a lightly damped system, the value is close to pi/2. In the event that the test article experiences fatigue, and the resonant frequency undergoes a change, the controller will promptly adapt to the new frequency while upholding a constant phase, ensuring the uninterrupted continuity of the testing process. The proposed approach is demonstrated by using the Ball Grid Array (BGA) electronic package as an example, where the test setup, data acquisition, and data monitoring for identifying the interconnect failure are presented. Failure analysis of the test article shows that the primary failure mode is the solder joint failure at the Intermetallic (IMC) layer. A finite element model is developed and correlated with experimental modal analysis to accurately estimate maximum stress and deflection in solder joints. By utilizing the obtained results, one can create a more accurate SN curve for the tested material. This will allow for a better understanding of the material's fatigue behavior and enable more precise predictions of its durability in real-world applications.

Design of Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Circuit Frequency Domain Characteristics Fault Dictionary Method

In recent years, with the rapid development of integrated circuits and the widespread application of smart chips, the internal structure of complex electronic systems have become increasingly complex, which greatly increases the difficulty of board-level circuit testing and fault diagnosis of complex electronic systems. At present, traditional manual testing methods are no longer able to meet the maintenance requirements of modern complex electronic system board-level circuit. Therefore, the development of intelligent and universal automatic testing systems has become an important issue in fault detection of complex electronic systems. Based on the testing requirements of the automatic test system(ATS), this paper designs the corresponding overall scheme, software scheme and hardware circuit, and studies the fault diagnosis and test of board-level circuit of complex electronic system, and proposes to apply the traditional Bode diagram to the engineering practice of ATS. Fault detection is realized by utilizing the frequency domain characteristics of the object under test.

Development of an Information Provision System for Attention Disorder Symptoms

Spatial attention disorder, also known as unilateral spatial neglect (USN), and non-spatial attention disorder often co-occur after stroke. In previous studies, the development of an electronic USN test system has made it possible to record detailed test data that are impossible with paper-based testing. However, the method of providing information on the test data has not been investigated, and the USN test system is exclusively used for research purposes. Therefore, we developed a system to provide information on the models of attention disorders in different formats, such as numerical, graphical, and superimposed images. The developed information provision system can provide information according to the characteristics of the users. Evaluation experiment was confirmed that the system is effective to change the information provision format according to the subject.

Investigation of the three-dimensional flow field for proton exchange membrane fuel cell with additive manufactured stainless steel bipolar plates: Numerical simulation and experiments

A bipolar plate with a complex three-dimensional (3D) flow field structure could bring better performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). In this paper, three types of 3D flow field bipolar plates with different porosity (M1, M2 and M3) and a conventional two-dimensional (2D) serpentine flow field bipolar plate (SP), were fabricated using selective laser melting (SLM). The forming quality of the bipolar plate was determined. The distribution characteristics of current density, oxygen, water content and temperature in different flow field structures and their effects on the performance of PEMFC were analyzed by numerical simulation. By using T3-100 cell test system and MTS exceeded E44 electronic universal test system, the polarization test and contact resistance test were conducted on the conventional SP bipolar plate and the M3 bipolar plate. Results show that the different bipolar plates prepared by the SLM process exhibit high forming quality, and the forming error for the 3D flow field bipolar plates is less than 4%. The M3 flow field exhibits the best capabilities for heat and mass transfer and water management. The M3 flow field produces a maximum power density of 0.547 W/cm2, which is 8.96% higher than that of the SP flow field. This is attributed to the more uniform distribution of gas and liquid in the M3 flow field as well as the lower contact resistance.

E-learning capacity in Saudi universities to respond to emergency state caused by the Coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic: A Case Study

The study aimed to identify the state of universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the extent of the ability of e-learning in Saudi universities to continue the educational system considering the COVID-19, and the study sample consisted of (264) members of the teaching staff in different universities who participated in answering the questionnaire submitted to them and those who have already used the e-learning system in their colleges. The study also relied on official reports issued by the universities regarding the continuation of the educational process, which was issued on a weekly basis by the achievements of the various axes, and the researchers prepared a questionnaire in four axes (the system of learning management, and electronic content, the use of classes virtualization, the electronic testing system, the technical support system, and the promotion of e-learning practices). The questionnaire data was analyzed, and the researchers concluded that e-learning achieved very good, and distinguished results that led to the continuation of the educational process in a way that probably exceeded the expectations of officials and faculty members. Also, the study recommends a set of recommendations that Emphasizes the importance of continued support for e-learning, increased training, and generalization his culture char even after the crisis passed.

COMPARISON OF INFRARED AND OPTOCOUPLER SENSORS PERFORMANCE FOR LAB-SCALE RPM MEASUREMENT SYSTEM

In utilizing various alternative energy, generators are used to convert alternative energy into electrical energy, for example, biomass, wind, and hydroelectricity. Generally, the measurements made on the generators are rotational speed measurements in the form of revolutions per minute (RPM). In developing lab-scale alternative power sources, the availability of generators with complete quality and specifications is still minimal, including RPM capacity. Therefore, the measurement which can read the RPM accurately, digitally, and automatically is needed. However, the measurement tools available are still manual, not automatic, and prone to parallax errors. Hence, a digital and automatic RPM measurement was developed in this study. Two different sensors were used to develop digital RPM based on a microcontroller. The stages obtained started with electronic system development, calibration, and testing of lab-scale renewable energy systems. The measurement can be read from the infrared and optocoupler sensors on the Archimedes turbine. The measurement results showed that the use of the Optocoupler sensor is more accurate than the infrared sensor. This is based on the data obtained from calibration and testing results on the Archimedes turbine. This RPM measurement is digital and real-time.

Redefining rail systems verification and validation: The safety/security STAIRCASE model

Safety critical functions of the engineered railway need to perform at levels of integrity that are so high that an acceptable failure rate cannot be demonstrated through testing alone. Where such functions need to be implemented in complex programmable electronic systems certain design, build and test requirements are defined in technical standards and these are deemed to ensure that the correct level of systematic integrity is achieved. These approaches are based on assumptions around how system requirements are managed and delivered which are increasingly challenging to meet in practice. In particular the V&V lifecycle used in functional safety standards and emerging cyber security design standards is idealised. It assumes a top-down cascade of requirements for each delivery project. The approaches have become the de-facto standard internationally and are now mandated to an extent in European railway safety regulations. This paper proposes a different approach: a new lifecycle model that aligns better with the reality of the modern global supply chain and the order in which asset design and project delivery activities are actually undertaken to improve the ability to proactively manage safety.This leads to a fundamental change in the assurance philosophy to bring a simpler and more understandable approach. A framework for applying this approach is set out along with further research objectives to deliver the solution in practice.

Whole Salivary Cotinine Levels and Interleukin 1-β Levels among Young Adults Involuntarily Exposed to Vapor from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.

To the assess whole salivary cotinine and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels among individuals involuntarily exposed to vapor from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) (test group) and unexposed individuals (control group). Demographic data and information related to ENDS vapor exposure were collected using a questionnaire. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected, unstimulated whole-saliva flow rate (UWSFR) was calculated, and cotinine and IL-1β levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Sample-size estimation and statistical analysis were performed. Regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between whole salivary cotinine and IL-1β levels. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Forty-eight individuals (24 and 24 in test and control groups, respectively) were included. Mean ages of individuals in the test and control groups were comparable. In the test group, the mean duration for which the individuals inhaled vapor from ENDS in each session was 22.3 ± 9.5 min and they were exposed to ENDS vapor 12.2 ± 2.4 times daily. There was no difference in the UWSFR between patients in the test (0.21 ± 0.02 ml/min) and control (0.22 ± 0.04 ml/min) groups. Whole salivary cotinine (p < 0.001) and IL-1β (p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher in the test than control group. Young adults involuntarily exposed to vapor from ENDS express elevated whole salivary cotinine and IL-1β levels. Long-term exposure to ENDS vapor may potentially predispose vulnerable populations to oral and systemic inflammatory diseases.

Non-invasive embedded system hardware/firmware anomaly detection based on the electric current signature

Quality control is a critical aspect of the modern electronic circuit industry. In addition to being a pre-requisite to proper functioning, circuit quality is closely related to safety, security, and economic issues. Quality control has been reached through system testing. Meanwhile, device miniaturization and multilayer Printed Circuit Boards have increased the electronic circuit test complexity considerably. Hence, traditional test processes based on manual inspections have become outdated and inefficient. More recently, the concept of Advanced Manufacturing or Industry 4.0 has enabled the manufacturing of customized products, tailored to the changing customers’ demands. This scenario points out additional requirements for electronic system testing: it demands a high degree of flexibility in production processes, short design and manufacturing cycles, and cost control. Thus, there is a demand for circuit testing systems that present effectiveness and accessibility without placing numerous test points. This work is focused on automated test solutions based on machine learning, which are becoming popular with advances in computational tools. We present a new testing approach that uses autoencoders to detect firmware or hardware anomalies based on the electric current signature. We built a test set-up using an embedded system development board to evaluate the proposed approach. We implemented six firmware versions that can run independently on the test board – one of them is considered anomaly-free. In order to obtain a reference frame to our results, two other classification techniques (a computer vision algorithm and a random forest classification model) were employed to detect anomalies on the same development board. The outcomes of the experiments demonstrated that the proposed test method is highly effective. For several test scenarios, the correct detection rate was above 99%. Test results showed that autoencoder and random forest approaches are effective. However, random forests require all data classes to be trained. Training an autoencoder, on the other hand, only requires the reference (anomaly-free) class.

USE OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE DISTANCE LEARNING

Currently, the number of applicants who prefer distance education is growing every year. This form of learning reflects all the inherent components of the learning process such as goals, content, methods, organizational forms and means of learning. The widespread demands for this form of education and the modern realities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have created the need the development and implementation of distance learning technologies.&#x0D; Ensuring educational dialogue in distance learning is done with the help of telecommunication technologies. The main technologies most widely used in this form of education include a variety of video lectures, electronic multimedia textbooks, computer training and testing systems, and other.&#x0D; In this article the new information technologies used in the process of distance learning discussed in detail. Although we discussed advantages and disadvantages of the new information technologies. In addition, distance learning using Internet technologies is gaining more and more popularity. The Internet has a number of specific features (openness, accessibility, variability, interactivity) that must be considered when designing, creating and conducting distance learning courses.&#x0D; The main strengths of this form of learning, in our opinion, are flexibility, modularity, accessibility, cost-effectiveness, mobility and manufacturability.&#x0D; Weaknesses include the lack of direct face-to-face communication, the mandatory availability of a personal computer and access to Internet resources, the problem of user authentication when testing knowledge, the high complexity of developing distance learning courses and others.&#x0D; Also considered are the main models the organization of distance learning, which are used in the leading universities in the world. These include: consortium, franchising, validation, distance audiences, projects, and open learning.&#x0D; Thus, despite the weaknesses, modern computer telecommunications is able to provide knowledge transfer and access to various educational information equally, and sometimes much more effectively than traditional teaching aids. A variety of educational technologies can not only ensure the active involvement of students in the learning process, but also allow you to manage this process, unlike most traditional learning environments.

The Research and Implementation of Electronic Device Detection System Based on STM32H7

In engineering practice, it is often necessary to test the performance of electronic devices. In order to provide a convenient and fast solution for the job of electronic device detect, this paper has designed and implemented an electronic device test system based on STM32H7 platform. This system can output frequency and amplitude controllable sinusoidal wave, collect and monitor the output voltage of electronic device in real time, analyze and judge the detection results automatically, and display the detection results in real time through the combination of sound and light. In this paper, through the experimental verification, the system can achieve the detect function of electronic device, it has the advantages of simple operation, high accuracy, great reliability and strong scalability.

Getting Connected

Nicola Tonello, global laboratory methods competence leader at Electrolux, looks at the latest electronic system testing processes being adopted and how connected devices have revolutionized test methodologies

Frequency response of EEG recordings from BIS and Entropy devices.

The BIS and Entropy systems are used as indicators of anaesthetic drug effect, and can also record EEGs in digital form. A number of studies have used such recordings for analysis, even though information about bandwidth and fidelity has not been provided by the manufacturers. In this study we consider these systemspurely as EEG recording devices, and evaluate their suitability for quantitative analysis. Using a calibrated electronic testing system, we played an artificial test signal of known amplitude with frequency varying from 0.01 to 400Hz into the BIS and Entropy EEG systems, and saved the recordingin each of their supported recording modes. The amplitude of the recording at each frequency was then used to derive the frequency response curves, as well as the 3dB and 0.5dB points for each mode. There are important differences between the various BIS and Entropy recordings. The BIS 256Hz and the Entropy 400Hz recordings are broadly comparable, although Entropy has a slightly reduced response above 50Hz and below 1Hz. The BIS 128Hz recording has a somewhat reduced bandwidth, due to its relatively low sampling rate. The Entropy 100Hz recording in the Datex-Ohmeda S/5 monitor has a flawed implementation, leading to aliasing of signals over 50Hzand potential distortion of the recording, while in the GE Carescape it has an uneven response and a narrowed bandwidth. Consequently, it is important to know which specific host monitor was used when an Entropy 100Hz recording was made. In summary, the choice of recording device and host monitormay affect the results of some quantitative EEG analysis, and some previously published studies may need to be re-evaluated.

Assessment of Attention-Deficit using a Dynamic-body Electronic Testing System

This case study seeks to examine the changing nature of attention-deficit testing using a new wireless electronic tool called B-percept® protocol. The testing protocol consists to measure the participant’s perception of simple or complex visual (light), auditory (sound) and kinesthetic (vibration) stimuli, as triggered simultaneously or randomly. Tested with sportsmen and sedentary participants, the B-percept® system revealed that sportsmen accustomed to facing a changing human and/or physical environment are able to anticipate, to adapt and to react better-faster than sedentary participants. In future investigations, it might be possible to use B-percept® in a wider context where outcomes in the field of medicine, rehabilitation, disability or even training in specific task professions