Electronic Devices Research Articles

Political participation and digital communications of Russians after the start of the SMO: features and main forms

The article is devoted to identifying key changes in the practices of political participation of Russian citizens during the period of a Special military operation on the territory of Ukraine, caused, among other things, by the transformation of public political discourse and the digital environment. Analyzing the phenomenon of social consolidation in the conditions of ITS, key models of political participation and changes in media consumption of Russians over the past two years, the author concludes that after February 24, 2022, a certain transformation of public discourse and structure of media consumption, as well as related practices of political participation of Russians, took place in Russia. There is a differentiation of the socially active part of the population into two unequal groups: on the one hand, a dissenting protest minority, whose main form of political participation and "statements" were emigration or spontaneous protests; on the other hand, a consolidated patriotic majority expressing support for the activities of the country's leadership through traditional as well as new forms of participation: charity, volunteering, "pro-government" electoral behavior, information and campaigning work. It is also noted that the prevailing practices of political participation due to the use of digital technologies today are volunteer activities (including "virtual volunteering"), protest political participation, as well as conventional practices of electoral participation using remote electronic voting technologies.

Studies of a Mechanically Pumped Two-Phase Loop with a Pressure-Controlled Accumulator Under Pulsed Evaporator Heat Loads

As avionics become more power dense, electronic device cooling has become a significant barrier to aircraft integration. A mechanically pumped two-phase loop (MPTL) is a thermal subsystem that enables near isothermal evaporator operation, which is desirable for electronics cooling. The goal of this study was to integrate an MPTL with a pressure-controlled accumulator and model a predictive control technique to demonstrate improvements for transient, isothermal evaporator operation for MPTLs under pulsed evaporator heat loads. The model predictive controller enables active control of MPTL compressible volume, which has not been demonstrated for pulsed evaporator heat loads. Experimental data were collected to validate a representative numerical model. A pressure-controlled accumulator was added to an MPTL to experimentally characterize the system thermodynamic response for three pulsed evaporator heat loads. Two statistical methods were used to assess the numerical model agreement with the experimental results. Under pulsed evaporator heat loads, the mean percent error agreed within 3.45% and the mean average percent error agreed within 0.74% for the three pulsed evaporator heat loads. Finally, a traditional proportional–integral (PI) controller and an advanced model predictive controller were developed and integrated into the validated numerical model. Both control methods were evaluated for an expanded set of evaporator heat load profiles to analyze transient behavior. For evaporator heat profiles with high heat transfer rates, the model predictive controller can maintain a target ±2 K refrigerant temperature at the evaporator exit throughout the evaporator heat load duration, whereas the PI-controlled MPTL cannot. Through this work, active control of a pressure-controlled accumulator within an MPTL is shown to improve refrigerant isothermal (±2 K) operation when compared to a traditional control technique.

Connected sum of graphs as molecular electronic devices

Connected sum of graphs as molecular electronic devices

A Novel Approach to Identifying Appropriate Candidates for Transvenous Lead Extraction.

The need for transvenous lead extractions (TLEs) in the setting of cardiac implantable electronic device-(CIED) related infections continues to rise. Delays in referral for TLE in this setting are common and are associated with increased mortality. To describe the outcomes of a comprehensive approach, including an electronic medical record (EMR)-based notification algorithm designed to identify patients with active CIED-related infections to facilitate timely TLE. Following an interdepartmental education initiative at a high-volume extraction center, an EMR based notification algorithm generated alerts for all inpatients with a CIED who received intravenous antibiotics or had positive blood cultures between September 2022 and February 2024. Patients deemed to be high risk underwent an electrophysiology consultation and were managed at the discretion of the treating electrophysiologist. Demographics, procedural details, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. 1829 notifications were screened over the study period. Thirty-nine consults were generated (2%). Of these patients, 18 TLEs were performed (46%). Patients who underwent TLE had MSSA (56%), MRSA (22%), enterococcus (11%), Serratia (5.6%), or S. gallolyticus (5.6%) bacteremia. The median time from the review to consultation was 1 day (IQR: 0, 1 days) and review to TLE was 2 days (IQR: 1, 2.75 days). Survival in the extraction group was 67% after a median follow-up period of 133 days (IQR: 59, 223 days). A comprehensive approach, including an EMR-based notification algorithm allowed for the early identification of patients who were appropriate candidates for TLE due to CIED-related infections. Use of this algorithm facilitated timely TLEs.

Intrafirm collaboration network dynamics, external cooperation network embeddedness, and firm knowledge search

ABSTRACT In the context of open innovation, firms urgently expand knowledge search and acquisition externally, forming complex interactions between internal networks and their knowledge exploration behaviours. However, prior research has overlooked network dynamics and treated internal networks as static. Drawing upon social network theory and the knowledge-based view, our study constructs a theoretical model that links intrafirm collaboration network dynamics with knowledge search within firms. We also investigated external contextual mechanisms such as the relationship strength, relationship breadth, and network centrality of corporate external networks. These moderate the relationship between intrafirm collaboration network dynamics and firms’ knowledge search. We empirically test the hypotheses using data from listed firms in the Chinese computer, communication, and electronic equipment manufacturing industry (C39) between 2014 and 2021. The results indicate that the intrafirm collaboration network dynamic has an inverted U-shaped effect on firms’ knowledge search breadth and depth. Relationship strength and network centrality weaken these effects.

Low-Cost Hardware Analog and Digital Real-Time Circuit Simulators for Developing Power Electronics Control Circuits

The paper describes low-cost hardware-based analog and digital real-time circuit simulators for the development of power electronics control circuits. During the process of designing and developing digital control circuits for power electronics systems, preliminary verification of control algorithms is required. For this purpose, software simulators such as Pspice, Psim, Matlab-Simulink, and many others are commonly used. Afterward, the developed control algorithm is implemented in the digital control system. For further verification of the implemented control algorithms, a hardware-based analog or digital simulator can be utilized. The paper presents the author’s proposed analog simulators. In the digital version of the simulator, TMS320F28388D microcontroller with 200 MHz clock was used. These simulators have demonstrated their usefulness in the development of power electronics systems.

Using data from routine health information systems as a public good in Trinidad and Tobago.

This study aimed to explore the use of data from routine health information systems (RHIS) as a public good in Trinidad and Tobago, the challenges faced in doing this and opportunities for strengthening the health information system. For this descriptive qualitative study, purposive sampling was utilized to recruit 19 people who used or produced RHIS data. Online interviews were conducted via Zoom, and all interviews were recorded and transcribed. Pseudonyms were used to protect participants' identity. Transcripts were cleaned and analyzed using Dedoose (v. 9.0.17; Dedoose, Los Angeles, CA, USA). There was significant underutilization of RHIS data as a public good, primarily due to challenges related to data access and quality. Access to the data was stymied by burdensome bureaucratic processes, paper-based recording and storage systems, and ownership and security concerns. Data quality was adversely affected by a lack of standardized data collection forms and processes, staff training, data completeness, and also by technological and infrastructural constraints. Key opportunities for increasing the use of Trinidad and Tobago's RHIS data would include addressing the need for a national electronic health information system, ensuring adequate training for staff involved in data management, and developing a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation plan. Data quality and access must be improved to enable greater use of RHIS data as a public good in Trinidad and Tobago. The planned change from a paper-based to a national electronic data recording and storage system must be expedited, and it should be accompanied by the standardization of processes, and investments in adequate staffing and timely training. Appropriate technological and infrastructural support, as well as an improved data governance system, are also required.

Clinical Evaluation of an Electronic Guidance System for Optimizing the Ultrasound Screening for Developmental Hip Dysplasia in Newborns

Background: Graf ultrasound screening is considered an established method for early detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Although characterized by a high degree of standardization to allow for good reproducibility of results, examination-related factors may still affect sonographic measurements. The relative tilt angle between the hip and the probe is a potential pitfall as it significantly influences sonographic measurements and consequently classification of DDH according to Graf. Objectives: Evaluation of an electronic guidance system developed to reduce relative tilt angles and increase reliability and comparability in ultrasound screening of DDH. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five newborns were examined using a prototype guidance system, which tracks the position of the transducer and the pelvis to calculate the relative tilt angles. Two ultrasound images were obtained, one conventionally and the other one using the guidance system. Subsequently, relative roll and pitch angles and sonographic measurements were determined and analyzed. Results: The relative inclination angles in the conventional group ranged from −12.6° to 14.3° (frontal plane) and −23.8° to 32.5° (axial plane). vs. −3.7° to 3.0° and −3.2° to 4.5° in the guidance system group. The variances were significantly lower in the guidance system-assisted group for both planes (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The optimized transducer position showed significant effects and consequently significantly reduced alpha angles were observed (p = 0.001, and p = 0.003). Conclusions: The guidance system allowed a significant reduction in the relative tilt angles, supporting optimal positioning of the transducer, resulting in significant effects on Graf sonographic measurements. This technique shows great potential for enhancing the reproducibility and reliability of ultrasound screening for DDH.

Improved Electromagnetic Interference Shielding in Lightweight Polyvinylidene Fluoride‐Carbon Nanotube Composite Films

ABSTRACTAs electronic devices become smaller and more common, the problem of electromagnetic interference (EMI) becomes more serious, requiring better shielding solutions. In this study, lightweight polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite films mixed with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were developed to improve EMI shielding. A solution casting method and a thin film applicator ensured uniform thickness and flexibility in PVDF‐MWCNT films with varying MWCNT concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, and 2 wt%). Structural and surface properties were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Dielectric response, AC conductivity, and EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI‐SE) in the Ku band (12–18 GHz) were measured. The PVDF film with 2 wt% MWCNT, at a thickness of 190 ± 10 μm, showed the highest complex permittivity and a record EMI‐SE value of 53.08 dB. This high EMI‐SE is attributed to increased multiple internal reflections within the thin film, enhancing attenuation and reducing reflection losses. These polymer nanocomposites offer a promising and lightweight option for advanced EMI shielding in the growing number of electronic devices.

Probing electron trapping by current collapse in GaN/AlGaN FETs utilizing quantum transport characteristics

GaN is expected to be a key material for next-generation electronics due to its interesting properties. However, current collapse poses a challenge to the application of GaN FETs to electronic devices. In this study, we investigate the formation of quantum dots in GaN FETs under current collapse. By comparing the Coulomb diamond between standard measurements and those under current collapse, we find that the gate capacitance is significantly decreased under current collapse. This suggests that the current collapse changes the distribution of trapped electrons at the device surface, as reported in the previous study by operando x-ray spectroscopy. In addition, we show external control of quantum dot formation, previously challenging in an FET structure, by using current collapse.

Administrative procedures in the context of combating corruption in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the analysis of the role of administrative procedures in combating corruption, the study of their impact on reducing corruption risks and increasing the transparency of the activities of state authorities. It is pointed out that administrative procedures are an important tool in the system of public administration, as they determine the sequence of actions performed by authorities when making decisions. Clear and transparent regulation of these procedures allows minimizing the risks of corruption, preventing abuse of power and manipulation in the process of providing administrative services. Administrative procedure, on the one hand, ensures the protection of citizens’ rights, and on the other hand, it is a tool for monitoring the activities of state bodies. Attention is drawn to the fact that the presence of corruption risks in the process of implementing administrative procedures creates conditions for abuse of official powers and evasion of compliance with legislation. This, in turn, seriously undermines citizens’ trust in government institutions, reduces civic activity and lowers the level of legitimacy of state power. Corruption creates an environment in which impunity reigns, creating distrust in the legal system and creating obstacles to ensuring proper state control and law and order. The main anti-corruption mechanisms include ensuring transparency in decision-making; implementation of electronic systems for submitting documents and monitoring their consideration; reduction of discretionary powers; establishing the responsibility of officials for violating established rules; monitoring the implementation of administrative procedures; ensuring the possibility of appealing administrative decisions. It was concluded that administrative procedures are an effective tool in combating corruption, as they establish clear rules of the game for all participants in the administrative process. In addition, admi­nistrative procedures not only regulate the relationship between the state and citizens, but also serve as an important tool for ensuring transparency and integrity in public administration.

India in the Global Microelectronics Market

The Indian government attaches high importance to the development of microelectronics industry in order to achieve the goals of Self-reliant India Campaign (Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan) announced in May 2020. The main objectives of special programs and measures are to give an impetus to the domestic manufacturing sector, attract investments, and generate direct and indirect employment. The BJP government’s vision for electronics industry is focused on expanding production facilities to meet local demand and ramp up exports. It is important to note the impact of external/global factors as well. In searching for alternative options to China, large electronic companies are considering the possibility of transferring manufacturing operations to India, noting such country’s advantages like the fastest economic growth, large workforce, rapidly expanding middle class and stable political system. Step by step India keens to become a prominent player in the global microelectronics market. The article analyzes the key stages of the development of electronics industry in India, explores taken by the current central government efforts to promote electronics system design and IT hardware manufacturing in the country.

Topological states in finite graphene nanoribbons tuned by electric fields

In this comprehensive study, we conduct a theoretical investigation into the Stark shift of topological states (TSs) in finite armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) and heterostructures under transverse electric fields. Our focus centers on the multiple end zigzag edge states of AGNRs and the interface states of9--7--9AGNR heterostructures. For the formal TSs, we observe a distinctive blue Stark shift in energy levels relative to the electric field within a range where the energy levels of TSs do not merge into the energy levels of bulk states. Conversely, for the latter TSs, we identify an oscillatory Stark shift in energy levels around the Fermi level. Simultaneously, we reveal the impact of the Stark effect on the transmission coefficients for both types of TSs. Notably, we uncover intriguing spectra in the multiple end zigzag edge states. In the case of finite9--7--9AGNR heterostructures, the spectra of transmission coefficient reveal that the coupling strength between the topological interface states can be well controlled by the transverse electric fields. The outcomes of this research not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the electronic property in graphene-based materials but also pave the way for innovations in next-generation electronic devices and quantum technologies.

Recent Research Progress of Benzothiazole Derivative Based Fluorescent Probes for Reactive Oxygen (H2O2 HClO) and Sulfide (H2S) Recognition.

Fluorescent sensing technology has advantages such as high sensitivity, good selectivity, and easy operation. It is widely used in the environment and biomedical field and receives increasing attention from people. It is easy to modify the structure of the benzothiazole fluorophores, and adding the push-pull electronic system can regulate the optical properties of benzodiapylene molecules. As probes, its derivatives are widely used in biomedicine, catalysis, and materials. Therefore, this paper mainly describes the development in the detection of reactivated oxygen (H2O2 HClO) and sulfides (H2S) in the last six years (2019-2024) based on benzothiazole fluorescent probe, which will be classified according to the identification mechanism of probes to be summarized, and to explain their properties and applications in biological and food, providing some help for designing more sensitive and efficient fluorescent probe molecules.

Methodology for determining the technical condition of the pulse power supply unit in dynamic mode

Since the power supply unit is an integral part of any electronic device, to ensure high quality and reliability of its operation, it is necessary to periodically check its operational characteristics and the structural solutions used in it. The lack or untimely verification procedures jeopardizes the functioning of the entire device and leaves the user vulnerable to the likely onset of sudden failures and subsequent potentially unpleasant situations. It should be borne in mind that the element base (workmanship) of the power supply units does not differ from the quality of the element base of the entire device, while this unit is an intermediary between the power supply network (parameters of the characteristics and state of the power supply network) and the main device (technical condition and adequacy of the user when using it). Therefore, the durability of the main equipment depends on the efficiency and correctness of the functioning of the power supply, the stability of its parameters. In case of a critical state of the equipment, the power supply unit itself contains a fuse (automatic emergency shutdown system), while the operation of the fuse does not allow to determine the cause (source) of the critical state (network - power supply unit - main equipment - violation of operating rules). Replacing the fuse, or replacing the power supply does not guarantee the final solution to the problem of technical diagnostics. Given the ever-increasing complexity and high cost of modern electronic devices (including those with elements of artificial intelligence), the issue of timely diagnosis of potential power supply malfunctions is critically important. Therefore, the development of scientifically sound approaches to determining the technical condition of power supplies and localizing its faults is an urgent task

Bacterial biofilm-based bioleaching: Sustainable mitigation and potential management of e-waste pollution.

Significant advances in the electrical and electronic industries have increased the use of electrical and electronic equipment and its environmental emissions. The e-waste landfill disposal has deleterious consequences on human health and environmental sustainability, either directly or indirectly. E-waste containing ferrous and non-ferrous materials can harm the surrounding aquatic and terrestrial environments. Therefore, recycling e-waste and recovering metals from it before landfill disposal is an important part of environmental management. Although various chemical and physical processes are being used predominantly to recover metals from e-waste, the bioleaching process has gained popularity in recent years due to its eco-friendliness and cost-effectiveness. Direct contact between microbes and e-waste is crucial for continuous metal dissolution in the bio-leaching process. Biofilm formation is key for the continuous dissolution of metals from e-waste in contact bioleaching. Critical reviews on microbial activities and their interaction mechanisms on e-waste during metal bioleaching are scarce. Therefore, this review aims to explore the advantages and disadvantages of biofilm formation in contact bioleaching and the practical challenges in regulating them. In this review, sources of e-waste, available metallurgical methods, bioleaching process, and types of bioleaching microbes are summarized. In addition, the significance of biofilm formation in contact bioleaching and the role and correlation between EPS production, cyanide production, and quorum sensing in the biofilm are discussed for continuous metal dissolution. The review reveals that regulation of quorum sensing by exogenous and endogenous processes facilitates biofilm formation, leading to continuous metal dissolution in contact bioleaching.

Development Direction of New Energy Vehicle Charging Technology based on Electronic Power Technology

The improvement of charging technology is necessary. By listing the charging characteristics of the three charging modes, this paper gives the methods to improve the charging efficiency of new energy vehicles in each mode, the advantages and disadvantages of the mode to improve the charging efficiency, and what kind of technology is expected to be used in the future. By summarizing the development prospects of various charging methods, providing the direction of building a more energy-efficient charging system in the future, and looking forward to the possible vigorous development of charging modes in the future.

Mathematical model of quality control assessment of the technical condition radio electronic equipment

The article examines the issue of monitoring the technical condition of special-purpose radio-electronic equipment under the influence of external factors. The main attention is paid to the formalization of the control process through the construction of a mathematical model that describes the dependence of the initial parameters of the control system on internal and external influences. The existing control methods are analyzed, which reflect the difficulties of selecting control points in modern integrated circuits. The necessity of introducing new, more flexible and adaptive solutions in solving the problems of technical diagnostics is shown. The work proposes an improved mathematical model for monitoring the technical condition of radio-electronic equipment, which allows more accurate assessment of the functional state of the control object in real time. The control process is described in the model through probabilities of changing the state of a generalized indicator that ensures the accuracy of the control system. This approach to quality control of the functional state of the object based on the construction of stochastic graphs allows to estimate the probability of error and accuracy during the control of the technical condition. The results of the research can be applied to the effective maintenance of radio-electronic equipment, as well as improving indicators of diagnosing the technical condition and predicting possible failures of the control object.

Neurologic Outcomes in People With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Oncologic Indications.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly used against various cancers but are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Risk of irAEs may be higher in patients with certain preexisting autoimmune diseases, and these patients may also experience exacerbation of the underlying autoimmune disease following ICI initiation. People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have mostly been excluded from clinical trials of ICIs, so data on the safety of ICIs in MS are limited. This study aims to assess the rate of MS activity, as well as neurologic and nonneurologic irAEs in persons with MS treated with ICIs for cancer. Participating sites were invited to this retrospective observational study through the Medical Partnership 4 MS+ listserv. Seven large academic centers participated in the study, each conducting a systematic search of their electronic medical record system for patients with MS and history of ICI treatment. The participating neurologist reviewed each chart individually to ensure the inclusion criteria were met. Demographics and data on MS and cancer history, treatments, and outcomes were abstracted from patient charts using a structured instrument. We identified 66 people with MS (median age 66 years, 73% female, 68% not on disease-modifying therapy for MS) who were treated with ICIs for lung cancer (35%), melanoma (21%), or another oncologic indication. During post-ICI follow-up (median: 11.7 months, range 0.2-106.3 months), 2 patients (3%) had relapse or MRI activity, 3 (5%) had neurologic irAEs, and 21 (32%) had nonneurologic irAEs. At the last follow-up, 25 (38%) participants had partial or complete remission of their cancer, while 35 (53%) were deceased. In this multi-institutional systematic retrospective study of predominantly older patients with MS, most of whom were not on disease-modifying therapy, MS activity and neurologic irAEs following ICI treatment were rare. These data suggest that preexisting MS should not preclude the use of ICIs for cancer in older patients, but the results may not be generalizable to younger patients with active MS. Prospective studies of ICI safety that enroll younger patients with MS are needed.

Trends in Hermeticity Testing of Electronic Devices

Trends in Hermeticity Testing of Electronic Devices