Electronic Tacheometers Research Articles

Content of the Bachelor of Engineering in Geomatic Engineering Degree Course at the University of New South Wales (UNSW)

Abstract This paper describes the content of the course at UNSW which is internationally recognised for its quality, depth and breadth. It prepares students for careers in the broad range of fields that are identified with Geomatics. [The School at UNSW has changed its name from Surveying to Geomatic Engineering and renamed its degree a Bachelor of Engineering.] Course material includes survey measurement using fully electronic tacheometers, in practicals, laboratories and survey camps; cadastral surveying, land development and management subjects all taught by practising professionals; computer programming and using commercial computer packages; geodesy, photogrammetry, spatial information systems (ie GIS), and remote sensing; as well as a sound basis in mathematics, physics, town planning and relevant aspects of civil engineering taught by other university schools. This paper attempts to explain some of the course content in narrative form, to provide prospective employers with details of the capabiliti...

Topography of a Large-Scale Research Plot Established within a Tropical Rain Forest at Lambir, Sarawak.

A large-scale research plot 52 ha in area was recently established at the Lambir Hills for a long-term ecological research of tropical rain forest in Sarawak, East Malaysia. The work for plot demarcation including a topography survey was initiated in November 1990 and continued till March 1992. Electronic tacheometers with automatic distance meters were adopted to built the plot with reliable accuracy on steep and complex slopes. The plot with an area of 500 m × 1040 m was divided into 1300 quadrats of 20 m × 20 m and further divided into 20,800 subquadrats of 5 m × 5 m, by setting landmarks at all the comers of quadrats and subquadrats. The compass directions and zenith angles to elevation at the base of respective landmarks were carefully surveyed with tacheometers by following conventional land survey methods. The topographical data thus obtained were transformed into altitude values at each landmark. The altitude difference between the lowest and highest points in the plot was ca. 150 m. A topography map was drawn by using these altitude data. Furthermore, a geometrical plane covering each of 1,300 quadrats was numerically determined to calculate the detailed statistics of topographic variables, such as the altitude, direction, angle, and convexity of slopes. The statistics of these variables and their distribution maps within the plot suggested the steep, undulating, and complex slope-topography of the plot. These topographic features seemed to result in the fragmentation of plant habitats and might be strongly combined with a rich flora of the Lambir rain forest.

Monitoring of an open cut mine with a surveying robot

Abstract Surveying robots in the form of computer-controlled motorised electronic tacheometers are increasingly used for the monitoring of structures and terrain, because they relieve personnel from repetitive around-the-clock measurements. This paper reports on the results achieved with a Wild Automatic Position System over 48 hours in a working open cut mine in Western Australian during adverse conditions in summer.

PRADINIŲ DUOMENŲ KLAIDŲ ĮTAKA TAŠKŲ KOORDINAČIŲ, NUSTATOMŲ ELEKTRONINIAIS TOLIMAČIAIS, TIKSLUMUI

Summary Influence of the primary data on accuracy of the coordinate points when measurements are taken using electronic tacheometers by various intersections techniques has been discussed To estimate this influence special formulae have derived. Application of these theoretical formulae is illustrated by practical example.

Field evaluation of some electronic tacheometers: A reply

Introduction In his article on the Field Evaluation of Some Electronic Tacheometers (The Australian Surveyor, September 1989, Vol. 34, No. 7, pp. 711–715), Abdalla Elsadig Ali presents the results of field tests of the accuracy of horizontal angles, zenith angles and distances of electronic tacheometers. Unfortunately, the results are invalid because they are based on incorrect experimental design and analysis procedures. In this reply, the erroneous analysis procedures are discussed and improved procedures are outlined.

Field evaluation of some electronic tacheometers

Abstract Six modern electronic tacheometers of different designs and makes were tested and compared for angle and distance measurement. Known angles, measured with a Wild T3 precision theodolite, and an established and well-maintained base line were used for this purpose. The results show that all tested instruments measured the known angles with almost the same degree of accuracy and that the test instruments were able to measure the baseline with an accuracy well within ± (5mm + 5ppm.d).

Displacement of points determined by spatial intersection

A procprocedure is presented for the direct determination of the components of the vector of spatial displacement of a point by spatial intersection. The horizontal, vertical and slope distances are determined by integrated surveying systems (electronic tacheometers), and the first survey is adjusted using conditional observations. The vector of displacement on the individual intervals of observation is determined by means of the matrix equation (33) into which it is only necessary to substitute the appropriate vectors of the observational differences.

TWO ELECTRONIC TACHEOMETERS BY ZEISS

A description is given of two electronic tacheometers, each consisting of an electro-optical rangefinder with integral theodolite. The Zeiss SM-ll is a tacheometer with digital readout of distances and circle readout by means of a scale-reading microscope, while the RegElta 14 is an electronic recording tacheometer offering not only digital readout of angles and distances, but also direct recording of the data on punched paper tape.

TWO ELECTRONIC TACHEOMETERS BY ZEISS

A description is given of two electronic tacheometers, each consisting of an electro-optical rangefinder with integral theodolite. The Zeiss SM-ll is a tacheometer with digital readout of distances and circle readout by means of a scale-reading microscope, while the RegElta 14 is an electronic recording tacheometer offering not only digital readout of angles and distances, but also direct recording of the data on punched paper tape.