Disk Drives Research Articles

Inventory of Plant Types to Overcome Vertigo Through Betangas

Vertigo is an abnormal feeling characterized by a feeling as if the position of the body and the position of the environment around it are moving when in fact they are not. Vertigo is usually treated with drugs, in Singkawang City vertigo is still treated with the traditional betangas method. Betangas is an activity of taking a steam bath with a mixture of decoctions of plants which has been carried out for generations, betangas is also an indicator for plant preservation. Utilizing and processing plant ingredients to overcome vertigo through betagas, one of which is Singkawang City. This study aims to inventory the types of plants used to treat vertigo through betangas. The method used was interviews with three informants (village shamans), direct observation of areas using betangas in Singkawang City, sampling and data recording, making herbarium and identification processes. The results of the study showed that there were seven types of plants used to treat vertigo through betagas, which included, Basilicum sp. the leaves are used, Dianella sp. the roots are used, Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. ex Lindl. the leaves are used, Cymbopogon nardus Linn. the stem part is used, The pucuk used are the roots, geganti used the roots, mensui used the root part of the bark. It can be concluded that plants to overcome vertigo use various types of plants, and for each type a different part is used in betangas.

Adjustment of ferromagnetism and improvement of the electronic structure of the TiI3 monolayer by the substitutional doping of 3d transition metal atoms: Ab-initio investigation

Two dimensional Van der Waals materials are very attractive for several researchers because of their distinctive properties and their interesting applications in data storage and spintronic devices. Titanium triiodide (TiI3), which is classified among transition metal trihalides (MX3), has received more attention after CrI3 and VI3 monolayers. Here, we explore the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of pure and 3d TM (TM = Sc, V, Cr, Mn and Fe) doped TiI3 monolayer using first-principles calculations, based on the GGA + Ueff approach. We confirmed the dynamic stability of TiI3 monolayer using phonon calculations and the thermal stability of pure and TM-doped TiI3 monolayers by performing AIMD simulation. We further found that the pure TiI3 monolayer is a stable ferromagnetic semiconductor with intrinsic magnetism. The introduction of vacancy defects in the pristine TiI3 monolayer showed that it is desirable to introduce TM atoms into Ti positions, which led to the improvement of its electronic and magnetic properties. The Sc-doped system keeps its semiconductor behavior with a reduction in the width of the band gap, whereas V-, Cr- and Fe-doped TiI3 monolayers turn into half semiconductors (HSC). Even more impressive, the Mn-doped system is found to be a bipolar ferromagnetic semiconductor (BFMS). We applied spin orbit coupling (SOC) on simulated monolayers, and showed that it affected them by changing their band gaps widths, especially in Fe-doped TiI3 monolayer. Furthermore, we found in all doped systems a ferromagnetic stability, an enhancement of the total magnetic moment, up to 10 μB in Cr- and Fe-doped monolayers, high Curie temperatures, up to 260 K, and high magnetic anisotropic energies, especially in Mn-doped TiI3 monolayer which makes it possess a long range ferromagnetic order. These interesting results concerning the electronic and magnetic properties of pure and transition metals-doped TiI3 monolayers are extremely beneficial for tune and enhance electronic and spintronic devices.

Screening for electrocatalytic reduction of N2 by borophene supported bimetallic atoms

Ammonia (NH3), as a high energy density chemical and hydrogen energy storage medium, has garnered significant interest in the realms of energy storage and catalysis. In contrast to the traditional Haber-Bosch process, the electrocatalysis nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) can synthesize green ammonia under mild reaction conditions. Based on density functional theory (DFT), the potential of 2D borophene supported transition metals as bimetallic atomic catalysts (BACs) in eNRR was investigated. Progressive screening through energy-oriented screening mechanism, Sc2B12, Ti2B12, V2B12 and Zr2B12 were identified as potential eNRR catalysts. Their complete reaction pathways and Gibbs free energy (ΔG) were further explored, and corresponding overpotentials were obtained. The results showed that overpotentials of the potential determining steps (PDS) of these catalysts were 0.34, 0.40, 0.39 and 0.13 V, respectively, demonstrating excellent eNRR catalytic activity and good selectivity. Cu2B12 shows remarkable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic activity with an overpotential (η) of only 0.05 V. The study also revealed that the catalytic activity of TM2B12 is derived from its excellent conductivity, and the charge transmission enhances the catalyst activity of eNRR. Consequently, this study provides significant theoretical guidance and support for the synthesis of novel eNRR catalysts, and promotes further advancement in the field of catalysis.

Repurposing Waste Chemicals for Sustainable and Durable Molecular Data Storage.

Molecular data storage offers the intriguing possibility of higher theoretical density and longer lifetimes than today's electronic memory devices. Some demonstrations have used deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), but bottlenecks in nucleic acid synthesis continue to make DNA data storage orders of magnitude more expensive than electronic storage media. Additionally, despite its potential for long-term storage, DNA faces durability challenges from environmental degradation. In this work, we demonstrate nongenomic molecular data storage using molecular libraries redirected from chemical waste streams. This approach requires no synthetic effort and can be implemented by using molecules that have a minimal associated cost. While the technique is agnostic about the exact molecular content of its inputs, we confirmed that some sources contained poly fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which persist for long periods in the natural environment and could offer extremely durable information storage as well as environmental benefits. These demonstrations provide a perspective on some of the valuable possibilities for nongenomic molecular information systems.

Registration Application Services for BPJS Patients at Hutabaginda Primary Healthcare

Primary Healthcare is one of the most important health service units in health services that are adapted to local government conditions, needs, requirements and regulations. Recording data at the Primary Healthcare manually takes a long time. When a patient forgets to bring a medical card, it takes a long time to get the file which results in a long time in the registration service process, if the file is not found it is necessary to create a new file. will be automatically created, resulting in duplication of data. Most patients forget to bring their medical card when they want to take it. In addition, when making monthly reports, officials must record data one by one as a monthly report. The use of this application is to increase the effectiveness of the information system for the patient registration Primary Healthcare based on the website and the BPJS application called JKN BPJS.

Data recovery methods for DNA storage based on fountain codes

Today's digital data storage systems typically offer advanced data recovery solutions to address the problem of catastrophic data loss, such as software-based disk sector analysis or physical-level data retrieval methods for conventional hard disk drives. However, DNA-based data storage currently relies solely on the inherent error correction properties of the methods used to encode digital data into strands of DNA. Any error that cannot be corrected utilizing the redundancy added by DNA encoding methods results in permanent data loss. To provide data recovery for DNA storage systems, we present a method to automatically reconstruct corrupted or missing data stored in DNA using fountain codes. Our method exploits the relationships between packets encoded with fountain codes to identify and rectify corrupted or lost data. Furthermore, we present file type-specific and content-based data recovery methods for three file types, illustrating how a fusion of fountain encoding-specific redundancy and knowledge about the data can effectively recover information in a corrupted DNA storage system, both in an automatic and in a guided manual manner. To demonstrate our approach, we introduce DR4DNA, a software toolkit that contains all methods presented. We evaluate DR4DNA using both in-silico and in-vitro experiments.

Forest and Land Fires Policies Implications in Indonesia: Technological Support Needs

The occurrence of forest and land fires in Indonesia has been a critical environmental issue in the South East Asia Region, closely related to the transboundary haze pollution. The government of Indonesia has shifted the fire management paradigm from fire suppression concern to fire prevention priority since 2016. The study aims to systematically review the development of forest and land fire-related policies in Indonesia and to evaluate the use of mobile and web-based applications of The Smart Patrol Information System (SIPP Karhutla) implemented in the Sumatera and Kalimantan regions. We conducted Systematic Literature Reviews to identify the roadmaps of forest and land fire-related policies in Indonesia. Field surveys, questionnaires, and interviews with fire brigades in 7 provinces in the Sumatera and Kalimantan regions to evaluate the use of the SIPP Karhutla. There has been a significant increase of fire-related policies since 2014, which enhance fire management development. The SIPP Karhutla has been widely used in Sumatera and Kalimantan regions. The applications have reduced time for patrol data recording and reporting significantly. Therefore, they supported the fire brigades' patrol activities effectively and efficiently. Keywords: fire management, Smart Patrol Information System, transboundary haze pollution

Dopamine-Modified Chitosan Patterning Hydrogel with Dynamic Information Storage Ability.

The storage of dynamic information in hydrogels has aroused considerable interest regarding the multiple responsiveness of soft matter. Herein, we propose an electrical writing methodology to prepare dopamine (DA)-modified chitosan hydrogels with a dynamic information storage ability. A pH-responsive chitosan hydrogel medium was patterned by cathodic writing to in situ generate OH- in the writing area, at which dopamine underwent an auto-oxidation reaction in the locally alkaline environment to generate a dark color. The patterned information on the hydrogel can be encoded simply by electrical signals. The speed of information retrieval is positively correlated with the charge transfer during the electrical writing process, and the hiding of information is negatively correlated with the environmental stimulus (i.e., dopamine concentration, pH value, etc.). To showcase the versatility of this medium for information storage and the precision of the pattern, a quick response (QR) code is electronically written on dopamine-modified chitosan hydrogel and can be recognized programmably by a standard mobile phone. The results show that electrical regulation is a novel means to program the information storage process of hydrogels, which inspires future research on structural and functional information storage using stimulus-responsive hydrogels.

Evaluating Internet Network Quality: A Comprehensive Analysis by the PNUP Directorate of Building

This study raises the problem of the condition of the building network of the Directorate of PNUP which has an irregular cabling structure so that if a network installation is carried out by connecting to the nearest switch without regard to cable paths, the cables are not on the path according to the irregular distribution of IP networks and bandwidth. The purpose of this study is to enhance the quality of the internet network in the PNUP Directorate building, compare the network performance before and after revitalizing fiber optic cables, and determine the internet bandwidth requirements in the PNUP Directorate building. The method employed is assessing internet network performance using Quality of Service parameter, by evaluating when the implementation that has been carried out is deemed sufficient, the evaluation is carried out based on the test results of the Quality of Service parameter. The user speed test is performed on public IP, followed by data recording and capture using tilnet tools. The values for delay, throughput, packet loss, and jitter are then processed and calculated. The outcome of this research demonstrates that network revitalization has successfully increased bandwidth usage, particularly in data transmission (Tx). Additional capacity and increased network performance after the revitalization allow for greater and more efficient use of bandwidth in transmitting data.

Effect of Neutral Protease on Freshness Quality of Shucked Pacific Oysters at Different Storage Conditions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neutral protease treatment on the biochemical properties of various parts of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) under different storage conditions. The mechanism of quality degradation in the mantle, adductor muscle, gill, and trunk of treated oysters stored at -1.5 °C (superchilling) or 4 °C (refrigeration) for several days using different storage methods was studied. The results showed that the oyster treated with the enzyme exhibited higher glycogen content, flavor nucleotide content, and sensory scores compared to the control group. Superchilling at -1.5 °C was observed to slow the increase in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), total viable count (TVC), and pH, while maintaining sensory scores better than refrigeration at 4 °C. Both wet superchilling (WS) and dry exposed superchilling (DeS) methods effectively preserved freshness and quality at -1.5 °C. The freshness of the oysters' body trunk changed most significantly. K value, K' value, and AEC value, as the evaluation indexes of oyster freshness, were affected by the storage medium. Therefore, neutral protease enhances the flavor of oysters in a short time, and oysters stored in wet superchilling or dry exposed superchilling conditions have an extended shelf life.

Numerical modelling and experimental validation on the discharging performance of paraffin/graphite matrix composite with various configurations of bulk density and wall temperature

Graphite material in the form of expanded has proven to be an effective material to remedy the low thermal conductivity of paraffin storage medium. The present work focuses on the solidification performance of carbon-based approach via graphite matrix composite with phase change to eliminate the bottleneck of low thermal conductivity issue of phase change materials for thermal energy storage applications beyond the current literature. Paraffin/graphite matrix composites with various bulk density values of 0 kg/m3 (Case 1), 23 kg/m3 (Case 2), 50 kg/m3 (Case 3), 100 kg/m3 (Case 4), and 143 kg/m3 (Case 5) under various operating conditions of wall temperature (Twall: 15 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C, and 45 °C), which mimic real applications' fluid temperature, are performed numerically in detail. The numerical model was validated with experimental outputs performed by the authors. Numerical results show that paraffin/graphite matrix composites have a great potential for the solidification/discharging process to recover the heat stored in the charging/melting period. Uniform and rapid solidification behaviour is achieved with the paraffin/graphite matrix composite in terms of conduction-dominated heat transfer via abundant thermal bridges compared to the pure paraffin case. Higher bulk density values and lower cold surface temperatures present superior performance in solidification rate and thermal energy recovery rate. However, the effect of the bulk density is slowed down with the beyond of certain value of bulk density (100 kg/m3). For 100 kg/m3 (Case 4) at Twall = 15 °C, the heat recovery rate is enhanced by 31.17 times and 3.84 times compared to the 0 kg/m3 and 23 kg/m3. The heat recovery rate of 100 kg/m3 is improved by 350.8 % for Twall = 15 °C in comparison with Twall = 45 °C. The total solidification rate (t = 17.5 min) increased by 90.94 % and 62.94 % for 100 kg/m3 at Twall = 35 °C compared to 0 kg/m3 and 23 kg/m3, respectively.

Maximizing the Reliability and Precision of Measures of Prefrontal Cortical Oxygenation Using Frequency-Domain Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) has been used for non-invasive assessment of cortical oxygenation since the late 1990s. However, there is limited research demonstrating clinical validity and general reproducibility. To address this limitation, recording duration for adequate validity and within- and between-day reproducibility of prefrontal cortical oxygenation was evaluated. To assess validity, a reverse analysis of 10-min-long measurements (n = 52) at different recording durations (1-10-min) was quantified via coefficients of variation and Bland-Altman plots. To assess within- and between-day within-subject reproducibility, participants (n = 15) completed 2-min measurements twice a day (morning/afternoon) for five consecutive days. While 1-min recordings demonstrated sufficient validity for the assessment of oxygen saturation (StO2) and total hemoglobin concentration (THb), recordings ≥4 min revealed greater clinical utility for oxy- (HbO) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) concentration. Females had lower StO2, THb, HbO, and HHb values than males, but variability was approximately equal between sexes. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.50-0.96. The minimal detectable change for StO2 was 1.15% (95% CI: 0.336-1.96%) and 3.12 µM for THb (95% CI: 0.915-5.33 µM) for females and 2.75% (95%CI: 0.807-4.70%) for StO2 and 5.51 µM (95%CI: 1.62-9.42 µM) for THb in males. Overall, FD-NIRS demonstrated good levels of between-day reliability. These findings support the application of FD-NIRS in field-based settings and indicate a recording duration of 1 min allows for valid measures; however, data recordings of ≥4 min are recommended when feasible.

Energy Resolution from a Silicon Detector's Interstrip Regions.

In this work, we present a novel approach for improving the energy resolution from particles impinging on the interstrip regions of silicon strip detectors. We employed three double-sided strip detectors from the GRIT array and a triple α-source under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the interstrip resolution depends not only on the impinging side but also on whether it is a P- or an N-interstrip. We obtained the interstrip energy resolution down to 0.4%, and, depending on the scenario, the resolution was enhanced by a factor of 2. We believe that this new rotation method allows for the possibility of applying particle identification methods on interstrip events, which in most cases are dismissed during data recording.

Thermal performance evaluation during charging/discharging cycles of sensible energy storage beds for biogas production process

The breakdown of organic waste, through anaerobic digestion, for production of biogas is a temperature dependent process. The favorable temperature required for efficient production is 35 °C. Attaining the temperature required for this process, under normal conditions, is a challenging task. Hence, the development of an effective heating system is necessary. The warm water from the solar water heater is circulated through the wall of the digester wall using a heat exchanger. The intermittency in the supply of energy, as in the case of solar radiation, creates a mismatch between the demand and the supply of the energy. Hence, development of efficient energy storage system that can be used as stand-by in case of unavailability of the primary energy source.The present work modeled and predicted the thermal performance of sensible heat storage system having 10 MJ capacity which can deliver warm water at 35 °C for 4 hr. The sensible heat storage system unit is a regenerator type heat exchanger which stores/releases heat on passing hot/cold heat transfer fluid through the tubes embedded into it. A mathematical model of a cylindrical configuration with embedded multi-tube is developed employing pebbles and cast iron as storage mediums. The number of embedded charging/discharging tubes in the storage model is optimized based on the charging time using a finite element method based simulation tool (®COMSOL Multiphysics). A parametric study, including charging/discharging time, energy stored/recovered, exergy stored/recovered, and charging/discharging fraction of the system, have been used to evaluate the thermal performance. Further the effect of heat transfer fluid tube diameter and velocity, volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the storage media on performance of the storage is also investigated.

Aliovalent Substitution Tunes Physical Properties in a Conductive Bis(dithiolene) Two-Dimensional Metal-Organic Framework.

Two-dimensional conductive metal-organic frameworks have emerged as promising electronic materials for applications in (opto)electronic, thermoelectric, magnetic, electrocatalytic, and energy storage devices. Many bottom-up or postsynthetic protocols have been developed to isolate these materials or further modulate their electronic properties. However, some methodologies commonly used in classic semiconductors, notably, aliovalent substitution, are conspicuously absent. Here, we demonstrate how aliovalent Fe(III) to Ni(II) substitution enables the isolation of a Ni bis(dithiolene) material from a previously reported Fe analogue. Detailed characterization supports the idea that aliovalent substitution of Fe(III) to Ni(II) results in an in situ oxidation of the organic dithiolene linker. This substitution-induced redox tuning modulates the electronic properties in the system, leading to higher electrical conductivity and Hall mobility but slightly lower carrier densities and weaker antiferromagnetic interactions. Moreover, this aliovalent substitution improves the material's electrochemical stability and thus enables pseudocapacitive behavior in the Ni material. These results demonstrate how classic aliovalent substitution strategies in semiconductors can also be leveraged in conductive MOFs and add further support to this class of compounds as emerging electronic materials.

Opportunity of Patterning in Chemistry.

Patterning offers an efficient way to quantitatively enhance and enlarge material properties and functionalities, offering unprecedented opportunities for innovation in various scientific domains. By precisely controlling the spatial arrangement of materials at the micro- and nanoscale, patterning enables the exploitation of inherent material properties in novel ways. In addition, it generates new properties, leading to the development of advanced devices and applications. This article highlights the significant contributions of spatially controlled patterning in chemistry, particularly in generating new functional properties and devices, discussing some representative articles. Examples include the use of unconventional patterning techniques for surface functionalization, as well as the application of spatial confinement in improving material properties and controlling crystallization processes. Furthermore, the discussion extends to creating new devices, such as optical storage media and sensors, through spatial organization of materials.

Dynamic Modeling of a Concentrating Solar Thermal Plant With a Packed Bed Energy Storage

The Air-packed bed system is a cost-competitive concentrating solar thermal system that employs air as the heat transfer fluid and a solid packed bed as the thermal energy storage medium. The thermocline behavior of the packed bed plays an important role in the performance and operation of the system, so a dynamic model of the TES is needed to evaluate the design and performance of the system. A high-fidelity first-principle TES model is often too computationally expensive to incorporate into a larger system model for simulation and optimization at an annual time scale. Here, we develop in Modelica a system model for a CST concept plant with a reduced order TES model to ensure the necessary thermocline fidelity while maintaining suitable computational performance. The validity of the reduced order model is quantified both against simulation results from a first-principle finite-difference model and against real-world test data taken at the Heliogen Test Facility in Lancaster, CA. The thermocline fidelity and computational performance of the system model are then demonstrated with an annual simulation run of the concept air-packed bed plant.

Dopamine encoding of novelty facilitates efficient uncertainty-driven exploration.

When facing an unfamiliar environment, animals need to explore to gain new knowledge about which actions provide reward, but also put the newly acquired knowledge to use as quickly as possible. Optimal reinforcement learning strategies should therefore assess the uncertainties of these action-reward associations and utilise them to inform decision making. We propose a novel model whereby direct and indirect striatal pathways act together to estimate both the mean and variance of reward distributions, and mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons provide transient novelty signals, facilitating effective uncertainty-driven exploration. We utilised electrophysiological recording data to verify our model of the basal ganglia, and we fitted exploration strategies derived from the neural model to data from behavioural experiments. We also compared the performance of directed exploration strategies inspired by our basal ganglia model with other exploration algorithms including classic variants of upper confidence bound (UCB) strategy in simulation. The exploration strategies inspired by the basal ganglia model can achieve overall superior performance in simulation, and we found qualitatively similar results in fitting model to behavioural data compared with the fitting of more idealised normative models with less implementation level detail. Overall, our results suggest that transient dopamine levels in the basal ganglia that encode novelty could contribute to an uncertainty representation which efficiently drives exploration in reinforcement learning.

Design of reactive particle fluidized bed heat exchangers for gas–solid thermochemical energy storage

Concentrated solar power (CSP) systems integrated with a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton power cycle are regarded as the primary future direction for CSP technologies. Calcium-based particles can be a suitable storage medium to achieve high temperatures exceeding 750 ℃. However, there have been few studies on reactive particle/sCO2 heat exchangers (HXs) to drive high-performance power cycles with high energy storage efficiencies. In this paper, the mechanisms by which chemically reactive particles release energy in a fluidized bed (FB) heat exchanger has been investigated to evaluate the performance of thermochemical storage systems. A 1-MWt thermal duty fluidized bed heat exchanger with sCO2 as the working fluid operating at 988 K was designed in different configurations, featuring single stage and multistage counter-flow HXs. A detailed shell and tube model combining the chemical reaction kinetics and the heat transfer between the fluidized particle and sCO2 FB HX design was developed. A comparison of sensible and chemical heat materials shows that thermochemical energy storage is advantageous due to the relatively short tube length and slow particle mass flow rate. The tube length and particle mass flow rate are reduced by 3.5 and 11.5 times, respectively. The average chemical conversion is 97.30 % for a one-stage heat exchanger, which is lower than the 99.95 % conversion achieved by the two-stage heat exchanger. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to understand the impacts of key operating parameters on the process performance. These findings provide insights into the operational stability and efficiency of the system, contributing to the development of advanced heat exchangers for thermochemical energy storage applications.

Effect of nano-SiO2 particles on THF hydrate induction time and its distribution

Clathrate hydrate has been studied for a few decades as a potential alternative energy source and gas storage medium. The direct engineering application of hydrate is still struggling due to the slow formation rate and the ambiguity of induction time. To understand the effect of nanoparticles on the hydrate nucleation induction time, we used different amounts and magnitude sizes of nano-SiO2 particles as promoter to observe the Tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate induction time under repeated experiments. We conducted a statistical analysis method based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K–S) test and probability-probability plot (P–P plot) test for the analysis of induction time. The results showed that the logarithmic normal distribution can be used to describe the distribution of THF hydrate induction time with addition of nano-SiO2 under repeated experiments. The expected value and variance of induction time vary with particle sizes of different magnitudes at different mass concentrations, showing different effects of nano-SiO2 on hydrate formation and dispersion of induction time. There is a critical condition (with different sizes or mass concentrations) for the influence of nano-SiO2 particles on the THF hydrate induction time, which determines the promoting or inhibiting effect of nano-SiO2 particles on THF hydrate formation.