Electronic Security Research Articles

Cybersecurity in international commercial arbitration (Legal vision)

Attracting foreign investment requires assurances from states to safeguard against infringements and losses. Arbitration serves as a crucial factor in enticing investors. However, for arbitration to be effective, ensuring information security is imperative. Maintaining confidentiality and preventing disclosure are vital, yet they pose challenges. International experiences indicate that companies might accept unjust settlements to prevent revealing their trade secrets. To tackle these obstacles, various arbitration bodies have endeavored to establish legal mechanisms for ensuring information security. This involves targeting individuals involved in arbitration proceedings and enhancing technical infrastructure. For instance, the International Council for Arbitration (ICCA), in collaboration with the New York State Bar Association (NYSBA) and the International Institute for Conflict Prevention and Resolution (CPR), devised an Electronic Security Protocol for Commercial Arbitration. These initiatives aim to shield participants in international commercial arbitration from the risks of divulging sensitive information due to breaches in information security. The protocol offers a framework of guidelines for arbitrators and parties on safeguarding confidential information throughout the arbitration process. It encompasses aspects like confidentiality agreements, data protection, access control, security measures for electronic devices and data, and procedures for handling incidents. By adhering to these guidelines, arbitrators and parties can uphold the protection of confidential information, thus ensuring that international commercial arbitration remains a secure platform for dispute resolution.

Efficient FPGA Implementation of Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory for Radar Emitter Signal Recognition

In recent years, radar emitter signal recognition has enjoyed a wide range of applications in electronic support measure systems and communication security. More and more deep learning algorithms have been used to improve the recognition accuracy of radar emitter signals. However, complex deep learning algorithms and data preprocessing operations have a huge demand for computing power, which cannot meet the requirements of low power consumption and high real-time processing scenarios. Therefore, many research works have remained in the experimental stage and cannot be actually implemented. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a resource reuse computing acceleration platform based on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), and implements a one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network (NN) model for radar emitter signal recognition, directly targeting the intermediate frequency (IF) data of radar emitter signal for classification and recognition. The implementation of the 1D-CNN-LSTM neural network on FPGA is realized by multiplexing the same systolic array to accomplish the parallel acceleration of 1D convolution and matrix vector multiplication operations. We implemented our network on Xilinx XCKU040 to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed solution. Our experiments show that the system can achieve 7.34 giga operations per second (GOPS) data throughput with only 5.022 W power consumption when the radar emitter signal recognition rate is 96.53%, which greatly improves the energy efficiency ratio and real-time performance of the radar emitter recognition system.

Management Information Systems and Correlation Between E-Business and Information Security from a Business Intelligence Perspective

The research focus was motivated by the emergence of electronic business which increased during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is a literature review and its purpose is to build awareness about the importance of information security and to analyze the correlation between information security and electronic business in an environment where electronic business is emerging and the gap between electronic business and information security is enlarging. The research is a review of peer-reviewed articles retrieved from case studies, empirical research, case analysis, literature reviews, comparative studies, systematic reviews, and conceptual analysis dating from the years of 2018 to 2023. This literature review defines four business intelligence concepts: management information systems, value driven business, electronic business, and information security. This literature review also reveals the effects of all four business intelligence concepts on organizations’ decision-making and financial objectives. Findings of this literature review revealed that electronic businesses need a stronger risk management approach regarding information security. The conclusion shows that the current technological approach and information security tools such as encryption key management, mantraps, and network intrusion detection systems do not ensure trust and/or eliminate digital security risks.

An Online Clinical Trial Model with Secure Data Management System in the Implementation of Randomised Clinical Trials

Background Nowadays, technological advances enable instant data collection in a secure and confidential manner. Integrating electronic data capture technologies into the online clinical trial design, has been rarely investigated. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and logistics of the online clinical trial model in osteoarthritis. Methods We used Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap), a versatile and secure database, as the data management platform. Without face-to-face interactions, the majority of the communications among investigators and between investigators and participants were through the REDCap platform. The embedded randomisation procedure was also completed on the same platform. Results We developed the online trial model in a 12-week, phase II, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial (RCT) investigating the efficacy and safety of a supplement combination in people with hand osteoarthritis (RADIANT study). We replicated the same platform and questionnaire model to a larger hybrid RCT, a phase III, two-year placebo-controlled trial investigating the use of stem cells in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (SCUlpTOR study). In the RADIANT study, we screened 301 participants within five months’ timeframe between October 2019 and March 2020 during the pandemic of COVID. 106 eligible participants were randomised, and the adherence rate was 100%. By leveraging advanced REDCap features, including custom record status dashboards, automated alerts and notifications, text messaging integration via Twilio, and comprehensive project dashboards, we significantly enhanced the efficiency of the recruitment process and participant management. These improvements also effectively reduced the survey burden on participants, contributing to the overall success and robustness of our data collection methodology. In the SCUlpTOR study, we successfully completed the recruitment between May 2021 to Nov 2023 in two sites with screening of 10,110 participants and eventually 321 participants were randomised. The visualisation of the process provides an efficient system to adjust the recruitment strategy in a cost-effective and efficient manner (Figure 1). Conclusion This online trial implementation and data management system successfully work for RCT recruitment and conduction. The two well-performed trials prove the feasibility of online clinic trial model. This is particularly important in the post-COVID era when face-to-face interactions may be limited. However, the incorporation of technology and secure data management system in the implementation of RCT is still underexplored. Further validation is needed to generalize this method to a broader trial design in other medical disorders.

Impact of Demonetization on Electronic Banking: An Analytical Study

This research investigates the multifaceted repercussions of demonetization on electronic banking, examining the transformative effects on financial systems and consumer behavior. Key components of the study include an assessment of the immediate and long-term impacts of demonetization on electronic banking adoption, transaction volumes, and security concerns. The analysis encompasses a comprehensive review of key financial indicators, regulatory changes, and technological advancements in the electronic banking landscape post-demonetization.

Program med microcontroller for information security devices

A programmed microcontroller for an electronic information security device is developed. Programming of the microcontroller is carried out by using the Atmega 32a controller and the SI programming language. The program runs inside the microcontroller and interacts with circuit components using PINs, thanks to which information can be read and entered. When implementing encryption and decryption algorithms and the Magma encryption algorithm, four types of transformations are used. The controller has small dimensions, so it is convenient to use in devices for fast encryption and short messages that need to be transmitted urgently. To quickly encrypt large amounts of data, the microcontroller can be connected to a given electronic circuit and the input/ output interaction can be adjusted, which expands its functionality. Keywords information security, microcontroller, encryption, decryption, programming, SI programming language, information

Trilinear pairing-based cryptosystem authentication: for electronic health record security in healthcare system

Trilinear pairing-based cryptosystem authentication: for electronic health record security in healthcare system

Design and Optimization of Reversible Information Hiding Image Encryption Algorithms in the Context of Electronic Information Security

Design and Optimization of Reversible Information Hiding Image Encryption Algorithms in the Context of Electronic Information Security

Application of artificial intelligence technology in electronic information security protection system

Application of artificial intelligence technology in electronic information security protection system

Promoting Awareness of Data Confidentiality and Security During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Low-Income Country-Sierra Leone.

World Health Organization issued Joint Statement on Data Protection and Privacy in the COVID-19 Response stating that collection of vast amounts of personal data may potentially lead to the infringement of fundamental human rights and freedoms. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development called on national governments to adhere to the international principles for data security and confidentiality. This paper describes the methods used to assist the Ministry of Health in bringing awareness of the data ownership, confidentiality and security principles to COVID-19 responders. The Sierra Leone Epidemiological Data (SLED) Team data managers conducted training for groups of COVID-19 responders. Training included presentations on data confidentiality, information disclosure, physical and electronic data security, and cyber-security; and interactive discussion of real-life scenarios. A game of Jeopardy was created to test the participant's knowledge. This paper describes the methods used by the SLED Team to bring awareness of the DOCS principles to more than 2,500 COVID-19 responders. Similar efforts may benefit other countries where the knowledge, resources, and governing rules for protection of personal data are limited.

Secure-Tech Triad Enhancing Electronic Voting System Security through Integrated Blockchain, AI, and IoT Technologies

As electronic voting systems become increasingly prevalent, the urgent need for robust security measures to combat evolving cyber threats has never been more critical. This paper introduces a ground-breaking architectural framework Secure-Tech Triad that synergistically combines Blockchain technology with Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities to enhance the security and efficiency of electronic voting systems. This architectural framework utilizes a modified Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Blockchain algorithm, a Random Forest ML model for real-time anomaly detection, and an MQTT protocol for IoT-based data collection to create a more secure, efficient, and responsive voting environment. Rigorous testing and evaluation show that the integrated framework significantly outperforms existing Blockchain-only solutions in key performance indicators, such as security breach detection rate, system latency, and cost efficiency. This integrated approach is the best-performing model, achieving a 97% security breach detection rate, a 30% reduction in system latency (down to 2.3 seconds), and a 25% decrease in operational costs. These results underscore the combined effectiveness of Blockchain, AI, and IoT in enhancing security, speed, and cost-effectiveness. Specifically, the Random Forest algorithm has been instrumental in achieving an exceptional security breach detection rate, while IoT data collection has played a pivotal role in enabling real-time anomaly detection and proactive threat mitigation.

Formulation of a two-level electronic security and protection system for malls

Formulation of a two-level electronic security and protection system for malls

Formulation of a two-level electronic security and protection system for malls

Formulation of a two-level electronic security and protection system for malls

Cyber Security Challanges for Online Trading

bstract: Today Security is a fundamental component in the computing and networking technology. The first and foremost thing of every network designing, planning, building, and operating a network is the importance of a strong security policy. Network security has become more important to personal computer users, organizations, and the military. With the advent of the internet, security became a major concern. The internet structure itself allowed for many security threats to occur. Online trading facilitates as a financial platform form for buying and selling shares, bidding, product sale or purchase using computers. The vital online trading between B2B, B2C and C2C transaction data may be under siege due to spywares, malwares, Hijackers and intruders. Often trading secrets and portfolios are in risk with network attackers who tracks unauthorizedly the personalized data of business clients. Cyber security is the practice of defending computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks. It's also known as information technology security or electronic information security. The term applies in a variety of contexts, from business to mobile computing, and can be divided into a few common categories.

A secure blockchain framework for the internet of medical things

AbstractTechnological advancements in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) enable medical services to provide incredibly challenging real‐time functions. The proliferation of health sensors has improved patient monitoring, both for patient care and medical purposes, giving professionals more data for early diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Privacy and security are critical considerations for collecting and transferring data from these heterogeneous sensors across the database and the IoT network. This study leverages blockchain technology to improve Electronic Health Record (EHR) privacy and security. This article proposes a novel decentralized architecture using IoT and Blockchain technology for storing EHR and monitoring real‐time patient data. The proposed patient‐centric framework and architecture offer a straightforward solution that fulfills data integrity and anonymity and meets the data interoperability demands. Self‐contained encryption–decryption and primitive cryptographic techniques enhance the system's security. The proposed study models IoT health sensors such as body temperature, pulse rate, spO2, and Electromyogram (EMG) in a blockchain‐based IoT framework. The proposed system has been evaluated to determine that it can process and store Remote Patient Monitoring (RPM) data with encouraging results. The article provides performance, security, and threat analysis to contribute toward a robust, secure, and smart healthcare system using metrics such as latency, throughput, IoT sensor activity, and resource usage. Experimental results present that the proposed method beats the standard healthcare system regarding service quality and patient data monitoring.

Method for Assessing Reliability of the Power Supply System for Electronic Security Systems of Intelligent Buildings Taking Into Account External Natural Interference

The article presents issues related to the reliability of power supply for electronic security devices in intelligent buildings. These systems function under varied environmental conditions and are exposed to external or internal natural and artificial interference; lightning, in particular. The authors conducted actual experimental tests of two surge arresters that are used to protect against a lightning impulse. As a result of conducted tests, followed by reliability and operational modelling, it was concluded that their use in internal connection structures increased the probability of a system staying in a state of full fitness. All of the deliberations included in the article enabled developing a new method for assessing the power supply continuity in electronic security systems of intelligent buildings, taking into account external natural interference. This method can also be applied to assess the power supply continuity in other electronic systems and devices.

Rationalization of the operation process of intrusion and hold-up alarm systems

Intrusion and hold-up alarm systems (I&HAS) are part of electronic security systems. They are now installed in many facilities, including those classified as critical infrastructure. The variety of available alarm control panels and their configurations means that I&HAS are installed with the use of alarm control panels with various functional and diagnostic capabilities. In the process of operation of intrusion and hold-up alarm systems, maintenance actions are most often used when no damage has occurred. This is referred to as preventive maintenance. These activities are aimed at carrying out preventive maintenance that will reduce the likelihood of damage or deterioration of the system. An extension and also an evolution of preventive maintenance activities is the development of the eMaintenance concept. By implementing modern solutions in diagnosing intrusion and hold-up alarm systems and using advanced IT applications, it is possible to monitor them and manage the operational process in real-time with the possibility of observing the degradation of the I&HAS. This makes it possible to take action to prevent the transition to a state of partial fitness or unfitness. As a result of the analysis of the operation process of the intrusion and hold-up alarm systems, taking into account diagnostic information, a graph of relations occurring in the system was developed. Then, dependencies were determined to calculate the probabilities of the I&HAS being in a state of full ability, states of periodic service, states of partial ability, and a state of unfitness. The issues of modelling the operation process of intrusion and hold-up alarm systems presented by the authors make it possible to rationalize the intensity of periodic inspections. The result is an increase in the value of the readiness index of I&HAS, which is particularly important in the case of securing critical infrastructure facilities.

ENTRY-EXIT SYSTEM SCOPE, API/PNR CAPABILITY WEAKNESS

The practical recommendations for the application of Advance Passenger Information and Passenger Name Record System (API / PNR) were described in the article with the aim to use such system as a counteracting cross-border threats tool. Biometrics establishes a strong link between a document and its holder only if all electronic security features (signatures) are reviewed. That is the critical point of all system. Many EU countries don’t have Public key infrastructure in place and can’t use the mentioned security functions. There no joint EU system. Only ICAO has a commercial Public key directory, which provides PKI functions to some countries. Specific digital algorithms know and do many things better, like people, and can make a significant improvement. The order of actions for system implementing is proposed. He will be responsible for Risk assessment, Biometric verification accuracy, and Document verification. It is mandatory to improve data management, mostly to cover all fields and flows of data. Improve legislation related to data management for the mentioned purpose and GDPR. Besides, we have to invest more in automatic border control systems infrastructure. It is mandatory to centralize Public Key Infrastructure and Certificates master list management and validation. All measures will increase public security and save innocent lives from cross border crimes.

Abstract 18110: Assessing the Impact of a Multidisciplinary Cardio-Kidney Care Team on the Overall Care Satisfaction in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction And Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience fragmented care in the usual referral-based model given poor care coordination between subspecialists and primary care clinicians (PCCs). Multidisciplinary specialty care teams can improve care coordination, increase use of guideline-directed medical therapies (GDMT), and potentially increase patient satisfaction. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in a single-center tertiary care institution, enrolling patients with both HFrEF (ejection fraction <50%) and CKD (stages 2-5, not on hemodialysis) over 6 months. The patients’ PCCs were randomized to either the control arm in which usual care was continued, or to the treatment arm where PCCs were supported by a virtually organized cardio-kidney team with a heart failure specialist and nephrologist. Treatment arm PCCs received recommendations from the cardio-kidney team via electronic medical record secure messaging sharing guidance on GDMT use, necessary lab tests, etc. Patients’ quality of life and symptoms were assessed at both baseline and 3 months via the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQoL) survey and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), respectively. Results: 95 patients had 3 month follow-up data (treatment n=47, control=48). The mean patient age was 67.4±10.8, and 61% were male. The majority (76%) were African American with mean EF of 35.5 ±11.0. The treatment group had higher reported and clinically significant (>at least a 5-point change) improvement of KCCQ scores from baseline to 3 months (52%) compared to the control group (38%), however, this was not statistically significantly different (p=0.15). Meanwhile, the proportion of deterioration was 39% and 40% in the treatment and control groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in KDQOL scores between or within both groups when comparing the baseline to 3 month data. Conclusion: Implementing a multidisciplinary care team to support PCCs is a feasible intervention and at 3 months, there was an increase (although statistically insignificant) in KCCQ scores. A longer duration of follow-up may be better able to assess the effects of multidisciplinary care team models.

Hardware-Based Methods for Electronic Device Protection against Invasive and Non-Invasive Attacks

This paper reviews hardware-based protection methods for electronic devices, encompassing scientific publications and published patents. This review covers insights from the scientific community and innovative solutions patented in the industry. By combining these two sources, this paper offers a comprehensive and holistic review of electronic device security. Electronic devices are integral to modern life, but their widespread use invites security threats, both digital and physical. This paper reviews hardware-based protection methods against invasive and non-invasive attacks, emphasizing the importance of a dual approach through hardware design. Invasive attacks involve physical tampering, and we explore anti-tampering techniques such as conductive meshes, sensors and physically unclonable functions (PUFs). Non-invasive, side-channel attacks encompass various attack vectors, focusing on electromagnetic analysis. To counter these attacks, we analyze techniques like reducing and masking electromagnetic radiation. This paper bridges the gap between invasive and non-invasive attack mitigation. It underscores the necessity of a multifaceted approach to safeguard electronic devices in an interconnected world, preserving their reliability and functionality.