Electronic Locks Research Articles

Design and Implementation of Bluetooth Low Energy Based Access Control System

This paper discusses the design of a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) based access control system intended to make access control more practical to implement on areas with high personnel turnover rate by making access rules easy to set and making access keys relatively safe to distribute compared to existing key-based access control systems. The use of BLE technology allows the system to estimate key position within the system by utilizing the curve fitting method for distance estimation and the trilateral method for positioning. The proposed system consists of a server, an admin panel, electronic locks, access keys in the form of a wearable, and access keys in the form of an Android application. The system is found to be capable of implementing access control functionalities and capable of implementing indoor positioning based on sections.

The Electronic Lock of Fingerprint Identification

Biometrics is more and more widely used in the security system, with the current realistic needs as a starting point, a microcontroller-based fingerprint identification electronic lock design method is proposed to realize the transformation from the traditional security system door locks to the new fingerprint identification electronic locks. This design uses the matrix keyboard to enter the password and fingerprint to unlock the door in two ways: Through the fingerprint module to collect fingerprints; stm32 microcontroller as the main control module of the fingerprint identification electronic lock, the fingerprints collected by the AS608 fingerprint module and the fingerprints in the memory of the microcontroller will be compared, and the results will be displayed on the screen, the comparison is successful to open the lock, and vice versa does not open the lock. Through the 4x4 matrix keyboard to realize the password unlocking; stm32 microcontroller as the main control module of the fingerprint identification electronic lock, the password entered on the matrix keyboard and the password in the memory of the microcontroller will be compared, and the unlocking result will be displayed on the screen. This design has the advantages of small size, high cost-effectiveness and reliable safety factor. The overall test results of the system show that the fingerprint identification electronic lock functions normally, and the functional modules work stably, realizing the basic functions that the fingerprint identification electronic lock has, which can be used for door locks and other various devices that need security locks.

Four Digital Electronic Combination Key Using A 74HCT688 Comparator IC Accompanied with An Alarm as A Security

The development of science and technology is increasingly useful and has a positive impact on providing convenience in all areas of human life, so that various tools, books, information, facilities and others are increasingly new and developing more rapidly. In addition, the development of science and technology also has a negative or detrimental effect on human life, namely the occurrence of various rampant crimes, acts of theft, robbery, bank break-ins that often occur everywhere, for this the key role as a security device becomes very important. Various forms of locks are widely used, both mechanical and electronic, compared to electronic locks, mechanical locks are felt to be less secure for use as door security, a four-digit digital electronic combination lock is designed using a comparator IC 74HCT688 accompanied by an alarm as a door guard

Smart Laboratory Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Based on The Internet of Things

In Indonesia, traditional methods are still commonly used for managing laboratories. This has resulted in various issues, such as the loss of keys, and has hindered the efficiency of these laboratories. However, the integration of technology has the potential to improve laboratory management by up to 33%. A modernized laboratory system, known as an "Innovative Laboratory", combines technology with traditional management techniques. The proposed Internet of Things-based tool aims to assist laboratories in improving their management services, including a registration system, a locker system, and a desk system. This tool utilizes a Keypad 4x4 and PCF8574 to select desks and lockers, Node MCU as a microcontroller to publish identification data from an MQTT broker, and RFID technology to access and activate electronic locks and sockets. To ensure that data is successfully transferred and the selected locker and desk are available, the system requires a certain delivery time for a maximum of 251 bytes of data that can be sent at different signal strengths. Only registered users with valid identification are able to access the locker and desk systems, and users must unregister before switching to a new locker or desk. The goal of this system is to streamline and improve the management of laboratories.

Protecting Smart Home from Cybersecurity Threats Strategies for Homeowners

Cyberthreat proliferation parallels the rapid surge in smart home usage. While having everything in one place is convenient, it also increases your home's vulnerability to cyber threats. Such an attack could result in bodily harm, the theft of sensitive information, or both. To mitigate the effects of these threats, owners of smart homes can make efforts to prevent cybercriminals from breaking into their premises starting by updating their firmware to the most recent version, creating secure passwords, and enabling two-factor authentication. Second, people should safeguard their gadgets by creating unique user IDs, disabling unneeded functions, and always keeping a tight eye on them. Finally, they must safeguard the facility where they conduct business by installing surveillance equipment, employing electronic locks, and restricting network access. Individuals must take these safeguards, but they must also stay informed about the most recent threats to home cybersecurity and the best strategies to combat them. Smart home device owners should become acquainted with the risks to which their devices are prone and ensure that their devices are updated to the most recent versions of all available software and security upgrades. Collaboration between homeowners, connected device manufacturers, and internet service providers is required to ensure the security of a smart home. Homeowners should research the security features available in smart home devices and only buy from reputable businesses that value consumer privacy and security. As the Internet of Things (IoT) expands and develops, a data privacy standard that meets the criteria of Data protection is in great demand. Safeguarding smart family apps necessitates a community agreement and specific permission from users to store their personal information in the product's database.

An FPGA application of home security code using verilog

Traditional entrance keys performed a number of drawbacks, including the ease with which they can be stolen, duplicated, or misplaced, allowing unauthorized people to gain access to cash, valuables, and other important documents. As known, most digital electronic entrance locks use application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) as based, which have the disadvantage of being unable to be reconfigured, as opposed to field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). This project proposed a home security code lock using verilog hardware descriptive language (HDL) with two unlocking modes, using a button or a keypad which can be changed using a switch. The 7-segment on the Altera DE2-115 trainer board is used to display the passcode press by the keypad. The result of simulation on the keypad using finite state machine (FSM) technique was fulfill the theoretical concept in which it will go to the next state each time the correct input or passcode was entered. When the wrong input or passcode was entered, it will be entered to reset mode. As the conclusion, a fully comply output according to the theoretical FSM concept is fully achieved in this project.

A bidirectional and low-frequency energy harvester for collecting human crowd energy in shopping malls

Human crowd kinetic energy is a promising electricity source in shopping malls. Harvesting human crowd energy can supply considerable power for lighting and door control. In this study, a bidirectional low-frequency energy harvester was proposed, analysed, fabricated, and tested. The harvester was mainly composed of a hinge, four one-way bearings, one sun gear, one internal gear, one planetary gearbox and one direct current motor. The hinge was used to connect the door. The combination of these one-way bearings, hollow shaft, solid shaft and gears transformed the bidirectional movement into unidirectional movement. The utilization of the planetary gearbox boosted the velocity of the door movement to overcome the low-frequency problems. The motor generated a varied direct current voltage. A theoretical analysis was performed to ascertain the factors that would determine the energy harvester’s performance. A full-size prototype was fabricated, a simulated shopping door environment was created, and experiments were investigated. The simulation results correlated well with the experimental results. At an ultralow door movement (45°/s), the harvester can output an open-circuit voltage of 7.4 V (steady voltage) and a power of 3046 mW. The harvester had a high efficiency up to 56.79%. The harvested voltage can power electronic locks, LED billboards and wireless doorbells, all of which are necessary apparatuses in shopping malls. The proposed harvester can potentially be used in shopping malls to harvest plentiful human crowd kinetic energy.

Intelligent Cabinet Lock Control System Based on Cloud Technology

With the rapid development of wireless communication and Internet of things, intelligent products have been widely used in living and industrial places. The purpose of this paper is to develop an intelligent controller and intelligent lock cabinet for the monitoring of optical cable handover box. It can monitor the temperature, humidity, fire, flood, vibration and the identity of the personnel in and out of the optical cable box, and send the data information to the management server through wireless communication, so as to realize the purpose of monitoring and management of the optical cable box. The products under development include intelligent controllers, smart keys and electronic locks. The smart key is used in conjunction with the electronic lock.

Development and application of an internet of things door lock Network Bridge for classroom access control management

School classroom doors are usually managed using conventional machine locks. This can cause inconvenience for the borrowing and returning of keys. In addition, issues on the copying and embezzlement of keys are persistent. To avoid these problems, schools have replaced conventional locks with card readers and magnetic locks to manage classroom access; users need only a RFID card to enter and exit classrooms. However, the hardware and software equipment required for such control schemes is expensive and entails cumbersome installation processes. This study developed an innovative Internet of Things (IoT) door lock network bridge, which can be installed on conventional electronic locks to transform it into IoT locks. The developed bridge can be integrated with a customized web-based classroom access information system and QR code scanning to establish a low-cost classroom access control system. The system can be provided to schools to perform user management, lock management, and lock matching. Each door in the school is assigned with a unique QR code for unlocking. Users only need to use the QR code scanner on their smart phone to send relevant information required for unlocking a door to the web-based classroom access information system, which then performs user and lock matching verification. Verified users can then unlock the door and enter the venue. The proposed classroom access control system does not require card readers or RFID cards. The cable installation of the system is simplified through by using wireless connections, thereby greatly reducing the time, cost, and human resource required for installation. In addition, users and locks can be matched directly using the proposed system. This greatly improves the convenience of classroom management in schools.

ORGANIZATION OF HOTEL SECURITY AS A FACTOR OF INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS

Objective. The objective of the present article is to study the transformation of the security system of hotels and similar accommodation facilities as a factor in increasing competitiveness in the market of hotel services in the context of globalization. Methods. A set of general scientific methods of epistemology is used: theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. The initial fact of the study is the finding of the growing role of se­curity in the hotel, as one of the key elements of competitiveness in the face of increasing globalization chal­lenges. Increasing the role of information technology in the organization of hotel security and their evolution into integrated systems with a single center of control and decision-making. Results. The reasons for the growing role of security in the hotel are considered. Sociological research on the factors influencing the choice of the hotel by the visitor is analyzed and the increase of attention to safety is noted. It was stated that this was facilitated by the downgrade of Ukraine in the international peace index over the past 10 years, the growing influence of the negative manifestations of globalization in the form of terrorism, the COVID-19 pandemic, and hacker attacks. These factors have forced to transform the work of hotels by increasing attention to security. Attention is paid to the main methods of increasing the level of se­curity. They are classified into two groups: information; organizational. It is noted that security information tools have been more actively developed. The installation of surveillance cameras, alarm systems, electronic locks and other equipment made it possible to prevent theft, violation of the rules of residence by customers. At the same time, another component of information security was provided by protection systems against hacker attacks or fraudulent actions. The storage of personal data of customers required the establishment of reliable protection systems that ensure compliance with the principles of non-disclosure of personal infor­mation. Organizational methods of security formation were based on traditional approaches to personnel selection, training, professional development, corporate culture and the development of internal documents governing the actions of personnel in emergencies and the rules of stay of clients in the hotel. It is proved that the trends of recent years show the dynamics of the spread of integrated security systems that combine all of the above tools. Bringing information to a single center allows not only to process it quick­ly, prevent accidents or criminal acts, but also has an economic and service effect in the form of optimizing the number of staff, increasing the level of service and competitiveness in the market.

Learning experience on sentinel cases of COVID-19 at a public healthcare institution: sharing on operating room processes.

Learning experience on sentinel cases of COVID-19 at a public healthcare institution: sharing on operating room processes.

Análisis del sistema de medición en una fábrica ensambladora de electrónicos

The importance of developing statistical tools in the manufacturing labor field starts from the daily struggle of industrial production processes against variability. The analysis of the measurement system aims to assess the variability associated with the measurement method used in the production process. Considering the instrument (Gage) and the operator that performs the measurement, in order to identify if it can be considered as acceptable. The objective of the research is to evaluate the reliability of the measurement system used in the production line of electronic locks through a Gage R&R study, to reduce the number of defective parts. The production line under evaluation is dedicated to the assembly and manufacture of electronic padlocks, has three inspection stations in which a repeatability and reproducibility study is carried out to obtain as a result the percentage of accuracy associated with the performance of the machine in the measurement system and personnel. The methodology or procedure to be followed for the development of the repeatability and reproducibility study will be carried out as mentioned by Pulido (2009), in the described steps of a short and long R&R study, from which the most relevant and applicable steps were taken. according to the characteristics of the present problem. The contribution of the study is the development of an analysis of the measurement system offers the company the outline of the current situation in a quantitative and qualitative way and allows it to provide a solid basis for the recognition of improvement opportunities that can help to decrease reported defects.

Design of Door Security System Based on Face Recognition with Arduino

Robotics technology is very useful for the lives of many people today. Almost all aspects of his life utilize robotics technology according to the required field. The development of robotics technology has become a higher quality of human life. Perhaps robotics are still less popular among the general public who still thinks robotics are humanoid robots (robots or human machines). Robotics has been widely implemented in the real world ranging from the fields of industry, medicine, entertainment, security, to household appliances. In the field of security, robotics has an important role. As the robot principle itself is tireless and has little tolerance, the product in robotics in the security field can be a very useful tool. In addition to facilitate human insecurity, robotics products can also facilitate human in various jobs, such as in the locking doors or walls of anyone who already exists. The development of robotics is in line with the development of computer vision which is increasing its application in everyday life. With this research, is expected to improve security and comfort in the security room. The design of this system using electronic door locks, open source OpenCV and webcam as a unit component.

Microcontroller-based RFID, GSM and GPS for Motorcycle Security System

The crime level including motorcycle theft has been increasing. It occurs regardless the time and place. The owner of the motorcycle needs to ensure the security of his motorcycle by adding either manual or electronic lock. However, both the manual and electronic locks are still incapable to protect the motorcycle from the theft. Based on the problem, this research created an automatic motorcycle safety system, namely, germs narcissistic. Germs narcissist is the key innovation of automatic vehicle security using, GPS (global positioning system), and GSM (global system for mobile communication), and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). This system was created by using short message service (SMS) to provide vehicle information such as time, position, and alarm informed to the owner of the motorcycle. The arrangement of the technologies can be used as a practical and effective safety key of motorcycle.

Physics-of-Failure (PoF) methodology for qualification and lifetime assessment of supercapacitors for industrial applications

Supercapacitors are used nowadays in an extensive range of battery-powered devices such as GPS/GPRS transceivers, active RFID tags, industrial PDAs, electronic locks, micro medical pumps, digital cameras, mobile phones and others. They are also used in vehicle's and machine's sub-systems requiring short but robust powerful current pulses. This covers back-up, delivery and leveling of high peak power as well as storing harvested energy.They are designed to meet high power requirements that cannot be fulfilled by standard batteries. Furthermore, their size and cost are very attractive for industries.However, selecting the right supercapacitor for a specific application remains a real challenge to industry. The specifications of these components only provide limited information about their lifetime for specific stress values. This information is not enough for industries to design a robust product and avoid high field returns.In this paper, we apply the Physics-of-Failure (PoF) methodology for qualification and lifetime assessment of electronic systems, to derive PoF models for supercapacitors at different stresses relevant for some industrial applications. It is expected from these models to better understand the performance of supercapacitors at different stresses and to predict accurate lifetime of supercapacitors allowing industry to robustly design their products and avoid high field returns.

An Intelligent Electronic Lock for Remote-Control System Based on the Internet of Things

With the rapid development of smart home systems, intelligent electronic locks have attracted much attention. In this paper, a novel intelligent electronic lock is proposed for remote-control system, based on the Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT), which has the advantages of strong link, high coverage and low power consumption. The intelligent electronic lock is composed of radio frequency identification (RFID) module, NB-IoT module, electronic lock and microcontroller. In the system, the non-contact terminal sends the identity information to the control board through serial port. By NB-IoT transferring, real-time identity information from the control board can be uploaded to the Cloud service platform, and the confirmation information can be downloaded to the control board in return. The intelligent electronic lock is characterized by identification and state monitoring, which is suitable for both public and household application.

The Specter of Malicious Computing: Securing the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is taking off, and with it the vision of pervasive computing. Internet-enabled computers are now embedded in everything from cars to pacemakers to electronic door locks to home heating controllers. Unfortunately, security, safety, and privacy considerations have lagged behind in the race to build new applications and services. Researchers demonstrated years ago how to take control of an Internet-enabled car or hack a range of wireless medical devices. The three articles in this special issue explore promising directions for unlocking the potential of IoT technology while addressing significant safety and security concerns as well as respecting users’ privacy.

Implementation of Innovative Technologies in the Fields of Electronic Locks

Almost every institution currently uses attendance system that ensures maintaining control over the attendance of employees, students and other persons. By using attendance system we can provide the right to enter certain rooms for only designated people. On the basis of reports from attendance system we can evaluate a monthly attendance of employees and the by that determine their real movement within the institution. Today is this system the usual standard in every medium and large institution, for example businesses, schools, universities and many others. The price for such a system, however, is often too high. Therefore companies opt also for other alternatives. Our task was to create a working prototype of such a system. Such a system must dispose at least with function for indicating the arrival and departure of employees to be able to determine the time of stay in the workplace. For this purpose we used the platform of microcontroller Arduino with a several basic sensors and software Arduino IDE. In this paper we present the achieved results in terms of applying different access cards.

Marketing Research of Motorcycle Industry in Taiwan—Personality Traits as Confounding Variable

<p>The two main motorcycle user groups are office workers and students in Taiwan. The popular transportations in metropolis are cars and motorcycles. Since riding a motorcycle is more agile, convenient and easy-parking compared to driving a car, it is welcomed by those two main groups. Taiwan is an important motorcycle consuming market and has become motorcycle kingdom of the world.</p><p>In the motorcycle industry of Taiwan, sales of the four main firms accounts for 96.56% of the overall market with the sales quantity of 623,194 motorcycles, according to statistics of Taiwan Transportation Vehicle Manufacturers Association in 2013. With 4Ps and purchasing decision as independent variables, personality traits as confounding variables, re-purchase intention as dependent Variable, this study is to learn about the major concerns for customers while purchasing motorcycles.</p><p>The findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, 138 samples are divided into three groups through Cluster analysis. Weaker try-out-new-things personality traits accounted for 15.22%, neutral try-out-new-things personality traits accounted 31.88% and stronger try-out-new-things personality traits accounted for 52.90%.</p><p>Secondly, two main factors to influence purchasing decision for weaker try-out-new-things personality traits are revealed. One is the preference for cleanliness of the sales environment on “place” aspect. The other is acting in information for purchasing; the recommendation of friends and relatives is more accepted.</p><p>Thirdly, one major factor to influence purchasing decision for neutral try-out-new-things personality traits is that customers of this type expect up-to-date electronic locks can be bundled in for promotion, and it will rise their purchasing intention.</p>Lastly, as for stronger try-out-new-things personality traits, there are more factors that affect purchasing decisions, including comparing the prices of different brands and making comparison by Internet search on “promotion” aspect, tending to go to hypermarket for one-stand-shopping and expecting a service personnel with higher quality on “place” aspect, hoping vendors providing micro-film as main reference for selecting the product on “information for purchasing” aspect.

Optimization and selection of the bed units based on ergonomics

Objective On account of the traditional unit selection and lack of ergonomics during the design process, the optimized and selection of the bed units were presented based on ergonomics. Methods Based on ergonomics theory and the systematic characteristic of wards units, the full integration of general hospital beds, electric automatic control of beds, alternative transport flatcar, bedside cabinets plus electronic locks and cancel thermos storage, and treatment were adopted to the individual needs, in order to achieve the goal of meeting needs and take the human factor into the hardware construction. The ward bed unit selection and design was optimized. Results The overall quality of hospital hardware was improved, and it was convenient for the patients and medical staff. It achieved the overall transfer function and improved the safety of patients′ transportation, so it ensured the safety of patients during hospitalization. Conclusions The optimization and selection based on ergonomics theory in ward bed can improve the quality of service, work efficiency and economic benefit, which can make the hospital management more humanized, systematic and scientific. Key words: Ergonomics; Ward bed units; Optimization