Institute Of Electronics Research Articles

High frequency acoustic microscopy imaging of pellet cladding interface in nuclear fuel rods

In Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs), fuel rods play a crucial role in generating nuclear energy. These rods consist of ceramic pellets, such as UO2 or (U,Pu)O2, enclosed in a zircaloy cladding tube, leaving an initial gap between the pellets and the cladding. As the reactor operates and the fuel undergoes irradiation, both the ceramic pellets and the zircaloy cladding experience transformations, causing the gap between them to gradually close. This phenomenon has a significant impact on the thermomechanical behavior of the fuel rod.Understanding the nature of the bonding that occurs during irradiation is essential for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the reactor. To investigate the evolution of the contact state between the fuel pellets and the cladding during irradiation, a detailed analysis of the pellet-cladding interface after irradiation is necessary. However, traditional examination methods might be destructive or incapable of providing the desired level of precision and resolution.The Institute of Electronic and Systems at the University of Montpellier (IES – UMR CNRS 5214), in collaboration with the Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) and Electricité de France (EDF), has developed a specialized high-frequency acoustic microscope for imaging and non-destructively inspecting the pellet/cladding interface. The design of the acoustic microscope takes into account the complexity of the fuel rod's structure and the challenges associated with imaging the pellet/cladding interface by utilizing high-frequency ultrasound.In this paper, we present the ability of this acoustic microscope to acquire 2D images with controlled displacements of the sample rod along both its axial and circumferential directions thanks to a card with a high sampling frequency reaching 2 GHz. This capability is crucial because the geometrical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the fuel pellet-cladding contact are not uniform in these directions. By obtaining detailed acoustic images, we can identify specific regions where the fuel pellets and the cladding were in contact during irradiation. In this research, a resolution study is carried out to validate the microscope's ability to investigate the fuel rod and achieve the desired resolutions.Testing on real samples requires a specific configuration of the microscope, which must be adapted to the irradiation conditions. This is why, before proceeding to this stage, it is necessary to carry out tests on representative samples to validate the achievement of the desired resolution. So we’re also presenting the first acoustic images obtained on the zircaloy alloy claddings.

Texture analysis using short-tau inversion recovery magnetic resonance images to differentiate squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva from medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Despite the difficulty in distinguishing between squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) on the basis of medical imaging examinations, the two conditions have completely different treatment methods and prognoses. Therefore, differentiation of SCC from MRONJ on imaging examinations is very important. This study aimed to distinguish SCC from MRONJ by performing texture analysis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) short-tau inversion recovery images. This retrospective case-control study included 14 patients with SCC of the lower gingiva and 35 with MRONJ of the mandible who underwent MRI and computed tomography (CT) for suspected SCC or MRONJ. SCC was identified by histopathological examination of tissues excised during surgery. The radiomics features of SCC and MRONJ were analyzed using the open-access software MaZda version 3.3 (Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Electronics, Poland). CT was used to evaluate the presence or absence of qualitative findings (sclerosis, sequestrum, osteolysis, periosteal reaction, and cellulitis) of SCC and MRONJ. Among the 19 texture features selected using MaZda feature-reduction methods, SCC of the gingiva and MRONJ of the mandible revealed differences in two histogram features, one absolute gradient feature, and 16Gy level co-occurrence matrix features. In particular, the percentile, angular second moment, entropy, and difference entropy exhibited excellent diagnostic performance. Non-contrast-enhanced MRI texture analysis revealed differences in texture parameters between mandibular SCC and mandibular MRONJ. MRI texture analysis can be a new noninvasive quantitative method for distinguishing between SCC and MRONJ.

Генерация и детектирование спинового тока в гетероструктурах иридат/манганит

Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences The results of experimental studies on spin current at the interface of iridate/manganite heterostructure SrIrO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 consisted of oxide epitaxial films with nanometer thickness are presented. A pure spin current was induced by microwave irradiation in GHz frequency band under conditions of ferromagnetic resonance. The spin current was detected due to inverse spin-Hall effect measuring the spectral characteristics of charge current arising on electrically conductive SrIrO3 film with strong spin-orbit interaction. The spin-Hall angle, which characterizes the efficiency of spin current conversion to the charge current, was determined by measurements of the angular dependences of spin magnetoresistance of the iridate/manganite interface.

Research into LED RGB Light Fixture with Adjustable Radiation Spectrum for Aquarium Lighting

The article presents the results of a study of an aquarium lighting device prototype developed based on a RGB LED strip using computer technologies for measurement of its spectral characteristics on the basis of practical studies of the effect of chromaticity on flora and fauna of water bodies. The studies were carried out at Light and Engineering Metrology resource sharing centre of the Electronics and Light Engineering Institute of N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University. For development of the prototype of an aquarium lighting device based on RGB LED strip, the results of colorimetric measurements of special fluorescent aquarium lamps made by Hagen and Havells Sylvania Europe LTD (Germany) were used. The laboratory set based on a Raspberry Pi single-board computer and software for colorimetric calculations and set control was developed for connection and adjustment of spectral characteristics of the RGB LED strip. The colorimetric characteristics of the prototype were compared to those of special fluorescent lamps for aquarium lighting. Satisfactory repeatability of spectra and CCT was demonstrated for the developed LED-based prototype aquarium lighting device. These studies will allow us to identify further areas for updating of functional and software solutions to make it possible to adjust spectral characteristics and to make them close to optimal levels for specific species.

70 лет Институту радиотехники и электроники им. В.А. Котельникова РАН

Information is presented on the organization and activities of Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences. Its scientific directions are covered, the main results of fundamental scientific, exploratory and applied research are noted, as well as the training of highly qualified personnel (candidates and doctors of science) and the presence of close international scientific ties.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 55• Number of submissions sent for review: 55• Number of submissions accepted: 28• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 50.9• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 50• Contact person for queries: Name: Neo Lin Email: neo_meilin@sie.sg Affiliation: Singapore Institute of Electronics

The Three Lives of Electronic Money Institutions

Electronic Money Institutions (EMIs) are non-banking financial institutions specialized in the issuing of electronic money and the provision of payment services. They were introduced in 2000 and revised in 2009, but the MiCA Regulation proposal will amend their legal framework. Through a legal analysis of the “lives” of EMIs, this paper argues that the European framework for EMIs has, over time, levelled market conditions for business entities professionally providing the issuance of e-money, but still lacks a consistent construction and application of European standards and waivers, suffering from a dystopian approach between public and private enforcement. e-money, fintech, PSD 2015, MiCA, EMIs, crypto-assets, money as a social institution, level playing field, financial stability, monetary function

Measuring an equilibrium long-run relationship between financial inclusion and monetary stability in Mozambique

ABSTRACT The present work aims to assess the existence of the relationship between financial inclusion and monetary stability in Mozambique based on the analysis of the VEC model for the period from 2005 to 2020. In addition to indicators of traditional banking institutions, this article goes further by also incorporating indicators relating to services of electronic money institutions with the objective of capturing the impact of digital financial services on financial inclusion and their role in financial stability. The long-term VEC model proved to be statistically significant and confirmed the existence of a long-term relationship between financial inclusion and monetary stability. The results also showed that the traditional financial inclusion and non-traditional digital financial inclusion drives the price stability, and in turn, monetary stability. The study concludes that the effectiveness of monetary policy in Mozambique depends on the predictive capacity of the monetary policy instruments, which are highly correlated, to financial inclusion. In this sense, the monetary authority must consider the need to incorporate financial inclusion variables, especially the non-traditional digital ones, in the transmission and forecasting model of the monetary policy rule, to capture the dynamics of financial inclusion segment and its contribution to price stability.

XXII International Conference and School on Quantum Electronics: “Laser Physics and Applications”

The International School on Quantum Electronics “Laser Physics and Applications” was held for the first time as far back as 1980. Since then it has taken place biennially and has become an important international event in the field of laser physics and laser applications attracting participants from many countries, especially from south-eastern Europe. Traditionally, its program includes lectures delivered by prominent scientists dealing with investigations of basic physical phenomena, processes of interaction of laser radiation with matter and latest scientific results obtained in the research areas of quantum electronics and optics, as well as the technological practical applications of new ideas, devices, instruments and laser systems. Special attention is paid to the active participation of students and young scientists who have the opportunity to present their results and meet and share experience with outstanding professionals in their particular fields of research.The topics include the following:• Laser-matter interactions • Laser spectroscopy and metrology • Laser remote sensing and ecology • Lasers in biology and medicine • Laser systems and nonlinear optics • Alternative techniques for material synthesis and processing The 22nd edition of the ICSQE was held as a virtual forum due to the restrictions related to COVID-19 pandemic from September 19th to 23rd, 2022. The Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, located in Sofia, Bulgaria, hosted the conference organization. The Big Blue Button on-line system was used as a technical platform for the meeting. The technical sessions of the International School on Quantum Electronics included 22 invited talks (30 min + 5 min Q&A), a Mini-Symposium “Extreme light infrastructure”, 11 oral contributions (30 min + 5 min Q&A) and in total 51 poster presentations divided into 5 sessions (1 hour each). The platform was available 24 hours, allowing discussions in addition to the technical program. The total number of participants was 90 from 16 countries.The XXII International Conference and School on Quantum Electronics: “Laser Physics and Applications” was held by the financial support from the Bulgarian National Science Fund under Project No. KP-06-MNF/4, 20.07.2022.List of Committees, International Advisory Committee, Program Committee, Local Organizing Committee, Lecturers, Oral Presentations, Poster Presentations are available in this pdf.

Preface

The 13th Asia Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ACMAE 2022) was held in Chengdu, Sichuan, China during December 22-24, 2022, following the successful conferences in Nanjing the year before; online in 2020, Bangkok; Thailand in 2019; Singapore in 2018 and Yokohama, Japan in 2017. ACMAE 2022 is sponsored by Sichuan Institute of Electronics, Science and Engineering Institute, co-sponsored by Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Moscow Bauman State Technical University, technically supported by Capitol Technology University, Washington University in St. Louis. This is truly a supported conference on a global scale that few match. However, Since the outbreak of the global covid-19 pandemic, it has been a challenge for the academic community to organize international conferences due to travel restrictions. Considering the safety of the participants, this time we have decided to take the conference online.This international conference was over three-days and provided a forum for discussion of mechanical and aerospace engineering. Submitted papers were received and sent for preliminary and peer review conducted by the technical committees. Professional comments are given according to the aspects of originality, innovation, applicability, technical merit, organizing and writing, relevance to conference. After several rounds of review procedure, some excellent papers have been received to get published in the conference proceedings. The proceedings contains a collection of research papers, organized with 9 chapters: material design and performance simulation, engine modeling and performance optimization, aircraft structure design and control model, control model and reliability analysis in mechanical and electronic systems, space propulsion system and reliability analysis, attitude control and trajectory tracking of UAV and helicopter, aerospace engineering and safety management, power mechanical design and performance measurement, mechanical vibration and mechanical analysis and so on.The conference invited five internationally recognised experts in their fields of mechanical and aerospace engineering to deliver keynote and invite speeches, including Professor Junhui Hu, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China (Chang-Jiang Distinguished, IAAM Fellow); Professor Naira Hovakimyan, University of llinois, USA (IEEE Fellow); Professor Anbang Sun, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China; Professor Qing Guo, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China. Each speaker has delivered the speech more than 30 minutes. In addition, around 100 experts and scholars and listeners from the world’s top research institutes of aerospace technology, including Samara University in Russia, as well as domestic senior research institutes of aerospace technology, including Northwestern Polytechnical University, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beihang University, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, attended the conference.We would especially like to thank the organization committees, the members of the program committees and technical committees. They have worked very hard in reviewing papers and making valuable suggestions for the authors to improve their work. We also would like to express our gratitude to the external reviewers, for providing extra helps in the review process, and the authors for contributing their research result to the conference. Without such support a conference cannot maintain quality or add real original contributions to knowledge. It goes without saying, it is core to success, but here we re-iterate that point.On behalf of organizing committees, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to all participants and speakers who contribute to make this event a great success.Conference ChairProf. Ian McAndrewACMAE 2022List of Organizing Committees are available in this Pdf.

Lidar monitoring of the aerosol content in the near-ground atmospheric layers over Sofia

Lidar measurements provide possibility to determine and localize the sources of aerosol emissions in the air, to determine the presence of airborne transport of dust in the atmosphere, to track in real-time aerosol movement above vast territories [1-4]. Presently, along with building networks of ground lidar stations, such as the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET), it becomes more and more important to develop and refine the lidar methods of processing the data from measurements to retrieve the necessary information [5]. The present study comments on results of aerosols monitoring in the lowest atmospheric layers above Sofia by using lidar remote sensing. More than 20 lidar measurements were carried out in the period January – June 2022. The lidar system emitted laser pulses nearly horizontally within the planetary boundary layer (PBL); the reflected pulses were collected to calculate the range-corrected signals and to produce color-coded time-distance diagrams. These diagrams, superimposed on a map of the city to illustrate the location of the aerosol layers were published on the website of the Laser Radar Laboratory of the Institute of Electronics (IE-BAS) at: http://www.ie-bas.org/Departments/LidarData_Horizont/Quicklooks-Horizont.htm.

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers（IEICE）and its Code of Ethics: From the Formation of the IEICE's Code of Ethics to the Present

本稿においては，電子情報通信学会倫理綱領の策定に至るまでの前史から，同倫理綱領の策定及び，その後の展開を記述する．倫理綱領の策定・改定に関わる議論では，本会を取り巻く社会や技術，思想などの環境変化との関わりから，倫理綱領のあり方・内容が検討されている．本稿も，より大きな本会を取り巻く環境の変化の中で，倫理綱領がどのように策定・改定されてきたかに着目し，時代区分を行う．1998年電子ネットワークの倫理として策定された倫理綱領は，2011年改定によって，電子情報通信技術者の倫理として形を整え，2023年3月現在，多様性と対話の時代に向けての再改定作業が進められている．

An Analysis of the Regulatory Approach of Electronic Payment Institutions:Focusing on the Proportionality Supervision Theory of Simple Financial Institutions

An Analysis of the Regulatory Approach of Electronic Payment Institutions:Focusing on the Proportionality Supervision Theory of Simple Financial Institutions

FPGA Digital Architecture for Multilevel Synchronous Optimal PulseWidth ModulationWith Seamless Pulse Pattern Transitions

received the B.S. degrees in electrical engineering from the University Center of Jaraguá do Sul (UNERJ), Jaraguá do Sul, Brazil, in 2009, and the M.S. and Ph.D degrees in electrical engineering from the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopólis, Brazil, in 2011 and 2015, respectively. From 2015 to 2016 he was a researcher at the Power Electronics Institute (INEP) of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). He is currently a Professor with the Electrotechnical Department at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Santa Catarina (IFSC). His research interests include power electronics and electrical machines drives. He is a member of the Brazilian Power Electronic Society (SOBRAEP).

Knowledge Maps as Support Tool for Managing Scientific Competences: A Case Study at a Portuguese Research Institute

In a research organization, finding someone who is an expert in a field and that can take up a given role, defining areas of excellence, or employing a new member all require understanding the competences that are available in-house. This work explores the idea of using knowledge or competence maps as support tools for managing scientific competences. We implemented a use case at the Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro, a research institute at the University of Aveiro, but the methodology we proposed can be adapted to virtually any research organization. Knowledge maps are visual representations of information that can be designed with variable granularities with respect to the knowledge assets of an organization. From a research management perspective, knowledge maps support the discovery of research competences and provide an instant overview of a topic by showing the main areas at a glance. This solution explored in this work employed data mining approaches for gathering information from public databases and presenting it using knowledge maps. Other visualization tools, such as bar graphs, tables, filters and search functionalities, were created and integrated into a web platform. When put together, these components could turn the platform into a key component for the administration of a research organization.

Peer Review Statement

All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing Publishing.• Type of peer review: Single Anonymous• Conference submission management system: Morressier• Number of submissions received: 21• Number of submissions sent for review: 19• Number of submissions accepted: 19• Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 90.5• Average number of reviews per paper: 2• Total number of reviewers involved: 6• Contact person for queries: Name: Prof. Dr. Elena Koleva Email: eligeorg@uctm.edu Affiliation: Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences / University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy - Sofia, Bulgaria

Cryogenic hydrogen Moderator infrastructure at ESS

The European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund, Sweden, is designed to become the most powerful spallation neutron source in the world. As one subsystem of the Target Station, which was developed and built at Central Institute of Engineering, Electronics and Analytics – Engineering and Technology (ZEA-1) of Forschungszentrum Juelich, the cold Moderator slows down high-energy neutrons from the spallation process. To gain maximum neutron flux intensities along with high system availability for condensed and soft matter research, an optimized liquid hydrogen Moderator circuit has been developed. Hydrogen with a pressure around 1 MPa, a temperature around 20 K, and a para-hydrogen fraction of at least 0.995 will be utilized to interact with neutrons in a unique cold Moderator vessel arrangement. Hydrogen conversion from ortho- to para-hydrogen will be controlled using a catalyst. Two turbo pumps are arranged in series and circulate the cryogen. A helium refrigerator, the Target Moderator Cryoplant (TMCP), continuously recools the hydrogen mass flow. Pressure stabilization is achieved by a pressure control buffer. The individual ESS Cryogenic Moderator System (CMS) components, the first and second generation of hydrogen Moderators (BF1 and BF2) and a first draft of a deuterium Moderator upgrade are presented.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ОБЛАЧНОЙ АТМОСФЕРЫ ПО РЕЗУЛЬТАТАМ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ СПЕКТРОВ ЕЕ НИСХОДЯЩЕГО СВЧ-ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ РЕЗОНАНСНОГО ПОГЛОЩЕНИЯ ВОДЯНОГО ПАРА 18,0-27,2 ГГЦ

The paper deals with studying the atmospheric characteristics based on spectral microwave radiometric measurements in the 18.0-27.2 GHz band close to the water vapor absorption line. The results of analyzing the ground-based measurements of clear-sky and cloudy atmosphere radiation with the P22M microwave radiometer-spectrometer performed at Fryazino Branch of Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences are presented. The measurements have been carried out almost continuously since July 2017. The seasonal variability of clear-sky self-radiation spectra in the 18.0-27.2 GHz frequency band is analyzed. Estimates are made for the error in the linear approximation of the dependence between clear-sky brightness temperature and atmospheric integrated water vapor retrieved from radiosonde data. A possibility of studying the variability of liquid water content in clouds of various types with a spatial resolution about 200 m and a temporal resolution of 10 s is demonstrated. The time series of the brightness temperature spectra may be a basis for an operational analysis of the temporal variability of atmospheric integrated water vapor and cloud liquid water content.

Taiwan’s Newly Amended Act of Governing Electronic Payment Institutions in Light of Developments in the EU Directive on Payment Services

Taiwan’s Newly Amended Act of Governing Electronic Payment Institutions in Light of Developments in the EU Directive on Payment Services

EVALUATION OF LEGAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF DIGITAL CURRENCIES IN TURKEY

In order for the crypto money tax to be collected, it must first be regulated by law. The first thing to do is to legalize cryptocurrencies as assets and money and then tax them accordingly. We will first examine the attitudes of some states towards cryptocurrencies and then touch on tax issues in the next step. A study of attitudes in the European Union (EU) shows that only four EU countries guarantee cryptocurrencies (EU). In the statement of the Bank of Turkey Regulation and Supervision Agency dated 25 November 2013 and numbered 2013/32; According to the Law No. 6493 on Payment and Securities Payment Systems, Payment Services and Electronic Money Institutions, bitcoin cannot be issued as digital money, and there is no accreditation and inspection requirement within the scope of this decree. In transactions with Bitcoin and similar cryptocurrencies, there is no risk of accessing the personal information of the buyers, the use of virtual money for illegal activities and theft or loss of market equivalent currency. Due to some similar risks, such as the use of electronic packages or unauthorized use of transactions or irreversible transactions, citizens who deposit funds need to be careful. In this study, it was tried to examine the crypto money tax in Turkey.