Electronic Transfer Of Information Research Articles

An analysis of lowest energy consumption (CPU time) through running several cryptography algorithms with different video formats

One persistent obstacle has been verified to be one of the main problems with the main developments in the electronics and technology fields, called: Data Security. The data should be encrypted in order to be quickly and securely linked via the electronic information transfer over the network. The procedure of transforming plain text to ciphered-text is called encryption, where cannot be changed or understood simply by undesirable individuals. It may similarly be described as the science that utilizes mathematics in decryption and encryption data processes. In this article, we consider different significant algorithms utilized for data decryption and encryption in whole areas, for making a comparative study for most vital algorithms. This paper focuses on various current cryptography algorithms types. This paper also analyses the algorithm's security and parameters that define the cryptosystem efficiency.

Testing Structuration Theory in E-Government System Assimilation: Mediating Role of Pakistani Cotton Ginners’ Absorption Capacity

Electronic Government (e-government) is a significant and vital application of the information and communication technologies (ICTs) to enable functional relations and communication with key government stakeholders. Governments have launched E-Government system for the basic objective of delivery and transfer of electronic information as well as services to their targeted citizens and for enhancing interaction with businesses and commerce. Therefore, assimilation and integration of E-Government systems in organizations is a strategic need. However, existing literature on E-Government system assimilation and meta-structures of organization (signification, domination, and legitimization) is limited. Therefore, in this paper, based upon structuration theory, we have developed a theoretical model with the aim to investigate the effect of organizational meta-structures of signification, domination, and legitimization on E-Government system assimilation with mediating effect of E-government absorption capacity. To test the proposed model, data collected from 292 ginning firms listed in the Pakistan Cotton Ginning Association (PCGA). The results confirm the direct relation between organizational meta structures and E-Government system assimilation and also support the mediating relationship of E-Government absorption capacity between the E-Government system assimilation and organizational meta structures. Moreover, the theoretical and managerial implications along with limitations and direction for future research also have been discussed in this study.

A Double-Key Based Encryption-Decryption Process for Stronger Secured Message Transactions

A double-key based stronger secured electronic message transaction system has been designed and developed using Python programming language by performing encryption-decryption process. To do this, simple cryptographic encryption and decryption techniques are used with two keys avoiding vulnerabilities of a single key. First, the intended message is encrypted with the private key of sender (PRa) and the output is again encrypted with a shared secret key (K1) that generates ciphertext. The output ciphertext is again encrypted with another shared secret key (K2) that generates a code that serves as Message Authentication Code (MAC), which is concatenated with the ciphertext. And again encrypted them with shared secret key K1 that produced final ciphertext which is to be send to the intending recipient. The shared secret keys K1 and K2 are getting from the key distribution center (KDC). In the receiving end, receiver first decrypts the received information with the shared secret key K1 that gives the ciphertext and MAC of the ciphertext, and then decrypts only the MAC to generate a new ciphertext′and compare the new ciphertext′ with the received ciphertext that ensures the ciphertext authentication as well as message authentication; if ciphertexts are found same, then the ciphertext is decrypted with shared secret key K2 and again is decrypted with the sender’s public key (PUa) and retrieve the message; otherwise discarded. This proposed system ensures the stronger authenticated message transactions among the communicants. Finally, a comparative study with the existing systems has also been performed and measured stronger security. This technique can be applied for any secured electronic information transfer system with stronger security services.
 GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 6(1), Dec 2019 P 75-80

Review: Multiple sclerosis in the digital age: ‘seeing through a glass darkly’

At various times in history, technology has led to abrupt and far-reaching changes in how societies communicate: printing with moveable type in the 15th century; broadcasting in the 19th century...

Unprecedented efficient electron transport across Au nanoparticles with up to 25-nm insulating SiO2-shells

Quantum tunneling is the basis of molecular electronics, but often its electron transport range is too short to overcome technical defects caused by downscaling of electronic devices, which limits the development of molecular-/nano-electronics. Marrying electronics with plasmonics may well present a revolutionary way to meet this challenge as it can manipulate electron flow with plasmonics at the nanoscale. Here we report on unusually efficient temperature-independent electron transport, with some photoconductivity, across a new type of junction with active plasmonics. The junction is made by assembly of SiO2 shell-insulated Au nanoparticles (Au@SiO2 NPs) into dense nanomembranes of a few Au@SiO2 layers thick and transport is measured across these membranes. We propose that the mechanism is plasmon-enabled transport, possibly tunneling (as it is temperature-independent). Unprecedentedly ultra-long-range transport across one, up to even three layers of Au@SiO2 in the junction, with a cumulative insulating (silica) gap up to 29 nm/NP layer was achieved, well beyond the measurable limit for normal quantum mechanical tunneling across insulators (~2.5 nm at 0.5–1 V). This finding opens up a new interdisciplinary field of exploration in nanoelectronics with wide potential impact on such areas as electronic information transfer.

Precision livestock farming in the context of meat safety assurance system

The food chain continuum `from farm to fork` should be managed to provide the appropriate level of consumer protection. Healthy animals are the essential precondition for obtaining a safe food supply. A science-based risk assessment includes the information about prevalence and concentration of major public health hazards of zoonotic origin (Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia, Verotoxin-producing E. coli/VTEC) and chemical contaminants (residues of veterinary drugs, dioxins, mycotoxins) in all modules along the food (meat) chain: farm-transport-slaughterhouse-meat processing-distribution-retailconsumers. The effective monitoring of biological or behavioural symptoms related to animal health and welfare can be achieved by Precision Livestock Farming (PLF). PLF emerged as a farm management approach based on information and communication technology (ICT). It can enable the early disease detection system using electronic information transfer from biosensors, in optimising animal health, production and management processes on farm. PLF can deliver added value to the integrated meat safety assurance system (MSAS) by providing real-time evidence of animal health and welfare status. This will strengthen understanding of all three major aspects of MSAS that must be monitored: biological hazards (farm-slaughterhouse continuum), animal health and welfare (Food Chain Information (FCI) quality and flow), and contaminants (prioritisation in monitoring based on FCI information).

Electronic referrals for virtual fracture clinic service using the National Integrated Medical Imaging System (NIMIS).

Virtual fracture clinics (VFC) are now prevalent across many orthopaedic services in the UK and Ireland. The management of a variety of musculoskeletal injuries using the VFC model has been demonstrated to be safe, cost-effective and associated with high levels of patient satisfaction. Referrals were made available through the National Integrated Medical Imaging System (NIMIS). NIMIS allows for electronic movement of patient images throughout the Irish health service. A retrospective review of 157 orthopaedic fracture referrals from a regional hospital was performed. The referrals were received during a 6-week period between May 2016 and June 2016. Each of these referrals was sent electronically. These referrals were reviewed each day by a consultant-led multi-disciplinary team. Thirty (93%) patients agreed or strongly agreed that they received adequate information in relation to the VFC when they attended the emergency department (ED). All patients except for one either agreed or strongly agreed that they were satisfied with their recovery (97%). Fifteen parents advised us that they would have had to take time off to attend fracture clinic with their child. Two patients attended their general practitioner (GP) or ED to seek further pain relief following their injuries. Only one patient reported a poor clinical outcome. Nine (28%) patients reported that they would have preferred a face-to-face appointment rather than being treated by the VFC. Virtual review of orthopaedic trauma patients results in satisfactory patient outcomes. Clinical outcomes were acceptable with minimal additional medical attention required following injury. Electronic transfer of information allows for the virtual service to operate from sites long distances from the primary orthopaedic centre. The NIMIS is a safe and confidential means of collaborating with other institutions and has huge potential in the areas of trauma care delivery, clinical conferencing and other image-based disciplines.

The Hare and the Hortoise: The Potential Versus the Reality of eTP Implementation.

In a health system increasingly driven by cost constraints, there is a focus on improved electronic transfer of information to support healthcare delivery. One area of healthcare that has moved more quickly than others to achieve this is prescribing in the primary care environment. Whilst the move to electronic transfer of prescriptions has reduced transcription errors, the regulatory environment persists with handwritten signatures. This constraint, whilst addressed slowly with technology solutions, needs support from legislative change. The ultimate step is to have a secure mobile model, which would support the move to a fully-electronic, paperless transaction model.

The effect of an online referral system on referrals to bariatric surgery.

The Ontario Bariatric Network implemented an online referral system to completely replace a fax-based system in 2015. Strategies such as electronic information transfer have been suggested to improve the bariatric referral process but few studies exist demonstrating their efficacy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the impact on referral rates to bariatric surgery after converting to an online referral system from a fax-based system. All referrals from 2011 to 2015 were included in the study. The main outcomes included the total number of referrals and whether a practitioner increased referrals after the implementation of the online referral system. A hierarchical logistic regression model was used for the final analysis. Predictors of interest included physician and neighbourhood level factors RESULTS: Referrals more than doubled overall and increased significantly across all health regions. Compared to practitioners in their first five years, all other experience groups were approximately 50% less likely to increase referrals. Compared to those within 50km of a bariatric facility, practitioners 50-99km (OR 0.76 95% CI 0.58-0.98 p=0.04) and 100-199km (OR 0.73 95% CI 0.55-0.96 p=0.03) away were both significantly less likely to increase referrals. This study found that referrals increased significantly after implementing an online referral system. Furthermore, physicians in their first five years of practice as well as those practicing closer to bariatric centers were more likely to increase referrals. Our findings demonstrate that an online referral system may aid in increasing referrals to bariatric surgery.

Sources of unsafe primary care for older adults: a mixed-methods analysis of patient safety incident reports.

older adults are frequent users of primary healthcare services, but are at increased risk of healthcare-related harm in this setting. to describe the factors associated with actual or potential harm to patients aged 65 years and older, treated in primary care, to identify action to produce safer care. a cross-sectional mixed-methods analysis of a national (England and Wales) database of patient safety incident reports from 2005 to 2013. 1,591 primary care patient safety incident reports regarding patients aged 65 years and older. we developed a classification system for the analysis of patient safety incident reports to describe: the incident and preceding chain of incidents; other contributory factors; and patient harm outcome. We combined findings from exploratory descriptive and thematic analyses to identify key sources of unsafe care. the main sources of unsafe care in our weighted sample were due to: medication-related incidents e.g. prescribing, dispensing and administering (n = 486, 31%; 15% serious patient harm); communication-related incidents e.g. incomplete or non-transfer of information across care boundaries (n = 390, 25%; 12% serious patient harm); and clinical decision-making incidents which led to the most serious patient harm outcomes (n = 203, 13%; 41% serious patient harm). priority areas for further research to determine the burden and preventability of unsafe primary care for older adults, include: the timely electronic tools for prescribing, dispensing and administering medication in the community; electronic transfer of information between healthcare settings; and, better clinical decision-making support and guidance.

SU‐E‐P‐22: AAPM Task Group 263 Tackling Standardization of Nomenclature for Radiation Therapy

Purpose:There is growing recognition of need for increased clarity and consistency in the nomenclatures used for body and organ structures, DVH metrics, toxicity, dose and volume units, etc. Standardization has multiple benefits; e.g. facilitating data collection for clinical trials, enabling the pooling of data between institutions, making transfers (i.e. hand‐offs) between centers safer, and enabling vendors to define “default” settings. Towards this goal, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) formed a task group (TG263) in July of 2014, operating under the Work Group on Clinical Trials to develop consensus statements. Guiding principles derived from the investigation and example nomenclatures will be presented for public feedback.Methods:We formed a multi‐institutional and multi‐vendor collaborative group of 39 physicists, physicians and others involved in clinical use and electronic transfer of information. Members include individuals from IROC, NRG, IHE‐RO, DICOM WG‐7, ASTRO and EORTC groups with overlapping interests to maximize the quality of the consensus and increase the likelihood of adoption. Surveys of group and NRG members were used to define current nomenclatures and requirements. Technical requirements of vendor systems and the proposed DICOM standards were examined.Results:There is a marked degree of inter and intra institutional variation in current approaches, resulting from inter‐vendor differences in capabilities, clinic specific conceptualizations and inconsistencies. Using a consensus approach, the group defined optimal formats for the naming of targets and normal structures. A formal objective assessment of 13 existing clinically‐used software packages show that all had capabilities to accommodate these recommended nomenclatures.Conclusions:A multi‐stakeholder effort is making significant steps forward in developing a standard nomenclature that will work across platforms. Our current working list includes > 550 structures. Outreach efforts are ongoing to ensure broader participation in evaluating and testing the principles as they are developed by TG263.

Specificities of Electronic Publication in Medicine

Background Electronic Media are considered to be a useful tool to distribute scientific information in medicine. Starting in this century all main publishers use electronic information transfer and distribution, either solely by electronic media or in combination with conventional paper printing. Theory Information distribution and communication require a sender (author), a transport medium (visual or acoustic signals, telephone, radio, TV, printed journals), and a receiver (hearer, reader). Information distribution in science and medicine should permit an objective and non-biased understanding of the transferred information by the receiver (doctor). These actions should be repeatable in time and space. This aim is in contrast to emotional, business-oriented, or political information transfer that commonly wants to direct the receiver in a certain surge or emotion. Implementation Scientific, peer reviewed open access journals have been established since the beginning of this century. After a period of hesitation and resistance which lasted for about 10 years, now-a-days nearly all big publishing companies offer open access journals in their product line. Most of them still hold on paper printed journals in addition, others offer hybrid journals, i.e., paper printed information display contemporary with electronic distribution. The electronic structures differ from classic structures (different, subject oriented domains) to articles of different focus that are fully integrated in only one individual domain. The advantages and disadvantages of the different structures are discussed in detail. Conclusions and perspectives Information distribution and communication is one important issue of life. The progress of technology does not stop at the doors of research and practice in medicine. To the contrary, it promotes both, understanding, interpretation and innovation of research, and the practical application. These facilitations of promotion are accompanied by ease of falsification and faked data. Business models of open access publication open doors of temptations to undercut science by anticipated profit. Previously serious publishers are already spoiled, and the scientific community should be aware that global investors are already misusing modern communication in science and research for their profit interest.

Smoothing out the transition of care between maternity and child and family health services: perspectives of child and family health nurses and midwives'.

BackgroundIn Australia, women who give birth are transitioned from maternity services to child and health services once their baby is born. This horizontal integration of services is known as Transition of Care (ToC). Little is known of the scope and processes of ToC for new mothers and the most effective way to provide continuity of services. The aim of this paper is to explore and describe the ToC between maternity services to CFH services from the perspective of Australian midwives and child and family health (CFH) nurses.MethodThis paper reports findings from phase two of a three phase mixed methods study investigating the feasibility of implementing a national approach to CFH services in Australia (the CHoRUS study). Data were collected through a national survey of midwives (n = 655) and CFH nurses (n = 1098). Issues specifically related to ToC between maternity services and CFH services were examined using descriptive statistics and content analysis of qualitative responses.ResultsRespondents described the ToC between maternity services and CFH services as problematic. Key problems identified included communication between professionals and services and transfer of client information. Issues related to staff shortages, early maternity discharge, limited interface between private and public health systems and tension around role boundaries were also reported. Midwives and CFH nurses emphasised that these issues were more difficult for families with identified social and emotional health concerns. Strategies identified by respondents to improve ToC included improving electronic transfer of information, regular meetings between maternity and CFH services, and establishment of liaison roles.ConclusionSignificant problems exist around the ToC for all families but particularly for families with identified risks. Improved ToC will require substantial changes in information transfer processes and in the professional relationships which currently exist between maternity and CFH services.

Patella instability: building bridges across the ocean a historic review

The diagnosis of and treatment for musculoskeletal disease and injuries have seen an explosion of new knowledge. More precise imaging, correlative injury anatomy, more focused physical examination features, among others, have led this upsurge of current insight. Crucial to this knowledge revolution is the expansion of international knowledge, which is aided by an adoption of a universal scientific language, electronic transfer of information, and personal communication of surgeons and scientists across national boundaries. One area where this is particularly evident is in our knowledge and treatment for patellofemoral disorders. This article will review the developments in the management of patellar dislocations by tracing their historical roots. This is not meant to be a comprehensive review, but rather to give current readers a "historical memory" upon which to judge and interpret our present-day bridge of knowledge. Level of evidence V.

Minimizing Human Error in Radiopharmaceutical Preparation and Administration via a Bar Code-Enhanced Nuclear Pharmacy Management System

The objective of this project was to ensure correct radiopharmaceutical administration through the use of a bar code system that links patient and drug profiles with on-site information management systems. This new combined system would minimize the amount of manual human manipulation, which has proven to be a primary source of error. The most common reason for dosing errors is improper patient identification when a dose is obtained from the nuclear pharmacy or when a dose is administered. A standardized electronic transfer of information from radiopharmaceutical preparation to injection will further reduce the risk of misadministration. Value stream maps showing the flow of the patient dose information, as well as potential points of human error, were developed. Next, a future-state map was created that included proposed corrections for the most common critical sites of error. Transitioning the current process to the future state will require solutions that address these sites. To optimize the future-state process, a bar code system that links the on-site radiology management system with the nuclear pharmacy management system was proposed. A bar-coded wristband connects the patient directly to the electronic information systems. The bar code-enhanced process linking the patient dose with the electronic information reduces the number of crucial points for human error and provides a framework to ensure that the prepared dose reaches the correct patient. Although the proposed flowchart is designed for a site with an in-house central nuclear pharmacy, much of the framework could be applied by nuclear medicine facilities using unit doses. An electronic connection between information management systems to allow the tracking of a radiopharmaceutical from preparation to administration can be a useful tool in preventing the mistakes that are an unfortunate reality for any facility.

Diagnostic Pathology in 2010: the successes and perspectives of open access publication

Electronic information transfer has replaced previous written information in nearly, if not all fields of communication to a high percentage.

Cybercrimes Pose Growing Threat to Medical Devices

Securing medical devices against cyberattacks or malware outbreaks and safeguarding protected health information (PHI) stored on devices or exchanged between a device and the provider’s network is a growing challenge for clinical engineers and hospital information technology (IT) professionals. 1 This article will analyze two general trends with regard to their impact on a medical device security strategy: first, the increased exposure and vulnerability through the growing number of devices connected to a network, and, second, the changes in the cyberthreat landscape. Threats are becoming more prevalent, complex, and sophisticated, and are being driven by a cybercrime culture that is moving away from sensationalism to targeted attacks based on financial motivation. 2 A medical device, in the context of this article, is any network-connected system used in patient care in a hospital, private office, home, or other healthcare setting, and which, due to its usage model, operating system, configuration, and network communications, can be exposed to cyberthreats—for example, through a permanent or intermittent network connection or through “sneakernet,” a term that describes the transfer of electronic information by physical means, such as a USB or universal serial bus, device.

Redesigning food service for vulnerable older adult hospital patients

Purpose: The food service for older adult hospital patients contributing to significant problems in the UK resulting in unacceptable levels of malnutrition. The design team (DT) working within a three-year multi-disciplinary research project mappmal (1), funded by the cross-council New Dynamics of Ageing programme, concerned with redesigning the food service (2) for vulnerable older hospital patients, particularly stroke, dementia and hip fracture, discuss how opportunities for - and principles to guide - service redesign and associated products and environments have been established. Methods: The DT worked with mappmal’s other specialist teams (i.e. food science, dietetics, medical sociology, ergonomics, technology) in the design of a series of interactive workshops (3) (WS) for the many individuals (i.e. key stakeholders (KS) and the ‘food family’ (FF)) involved in the process of assessment and care of patients, and in preparing and delivering their food. Activities within these workshops were designed to i) develop understanding of the food service from the patient’s perspective, ii) ‘map’ the food service and iii) identify opportunities for improving the service through using the collective experience of the KS and FF. Evidence to identify the opportunities for service redesign and the principles to guide these were triangulated through i) literature and best practice case study reviews, ii) analysis of interviews of the KS and FF and iii) analysis of further evidence from the KS and FF during the WSs. Simultaneously, an audit was conducted of the ergonomic requirements and opportunities for system support through electronic information transfer. Results and discussion: From the WS five major opportunities for service redesign to be guided by six service principles were identified. From their audit the DT also identified a number of opportunities for the improved design in the four areas of tableware, the patient environment, the ward environment and the electronic system required to handle the type of patient-centred information so crucial to the particular needs of these vulnerable individuals. The DT are currently synthesising findings and developing the specifications for designs in all these areas as a precursor to a design process where the service redesign prototype will be iteratively evaluated by the FF and KS in future WS. Early evidence suggests that some improvements designed for the project’s identified vulnerable older adults would result in improvements generally in the food service for other patients.

Patient safety and sources of error in point-of-care testing / Patientensicherheit und Fehlerquellen in patientennaher Labordiagnostik

Patient safety is the project of reducing medical errors by creating and enforcing standards of practice, tracking and publishing errors to guide countermeasures, improving information transfer, and fostering increased accountability among healthcare providers. Errors in point-of-care testing (POCT) can be practical, cognitive, or axiological (the latter are errors of judgment). Countermeasures to errors in POCT have been organized into a laboratory ethos of test operator training and competence demonstration, explicit written procedures, routine quality control, recorded, verified, and retrievable patient results, and external proficiency testing. Three characteristics of POCT can defeat these countermeasures: technical limitations of POCT methods, the rapid availability of their results, and the tendency of these results to change patient care immediately. In the United States, government regulations of POCT have not been a success, but government mandated accreditation programs have been more effective. Laboratorians who monitor of POCT – called in the United States point-of-care test coordinators – have been essential to reporting and tracking POCT errors. They have exploited electronic information transfer to do so and to increase accountability for POCT among clinician test operators. Although a modified version of Gerald Kost's taxonomy of sources of errors offers a systematic approach to POCT error classification, major preventable adverse events (called “sentinel events” in the United States) tend to drive POCT patient safety. This circumstance has stressed the importance of clinical contexts. Tight glycemic control using POCT whole blood glucose is the example with which we illustrate the challenges to patient safety, from the technical limitations, rapid result availability, and impact on therapy, characteristic of POCT.

Fulvalenediyl-bridged heterobimetallic complexes consisting of sandwich and half-sandwich compounds with early–late transition metals

A straightforward synthesis methodology for the preparation of heterobimetallic [(η 5-C 5H 5)(η 5-C 5H 4-C 5Me 4)M] ( 3a, M = Fe; 3b, M = Ru) and [(η 5-C 5H 5)((μ-η 5:η 5-C 5H 4-C 5Me 4)TiCl 3)M] ( 4a, M = Fe; 4b, M = Ru) in which early and late transition metals are connected by a fulvalenediyl bridge is reported. The structures of molecules 3b and 4a in the solid state are discussed. Most noteworthy in 4a is the exo arrangement of the iron and titanium atoms coordinated by the fulvalenediyl unit which itself is twisted with a dihedral angle between the joined cyclopentadienyl rings of 19.33(9)°. Electrochemical, UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical experiments on 4a and Cp∗TiCl 3, for comparison, provide evidence for some transfer of electronic information between the conjoined ferrocene and half-sandwich titanocene trichloride subunits of 4a. Evidence comes from systematic potential shifts and the presence of a fairly intense Fe → Ti charge-transfer absorption band that vanishes upon oxidation and reduction of 4a.