Electronic Data Exchange Research Articles

Transformation stages of the Russian industrial complex in the context of economy digitization

The present article presents an approach to evaluating the transformation of the industrial complex in the context of deep penetration of digital technologies into the material sector of the economy. The authors propose a theoretical research platform based on the theory of a new industrial society, substantiate a methodology, which comprises reproduction, institutional and synergetic approaches. The study showed that the transformation of the industrial complex, caused by any factors and implemented in any conditions, is always a discrete process of qualitative changes, resulting in significant structural changes and institutional transformations. The authors proposed a methodology to define the stages of industrial complex transformation in a digital economy. The authors’ model of the digitization process consists of five stages – primary information and communication digitization; electronic data exchange with external partners; use of specialized software; electronic data exchange with external partners. Within this framework, an empirical analysis was carried out to determine the digitization level of the industrial complex of Russia that implies a sufficiently high degree of primary computerization, the involvement of the industrial enterprises in the “digital” communication with counterparties and the dynamic software development. The study shows that the process of digital transformation of the Russian industry is still in its formative stages.

Digital supply chain development in blockchain technology using Rijndael algorithm 256

Information hollering through electronic links occurs across organizational boundaries with interagency that allow automatic exchange of electronic data between partners in the supply chain. In digital data networks are usually sent by copying them from one place to another, one of the main problems in this case is to verify that the information received from the network is genuine and latest. Blockchain technology is considered to solve the data verification in the data authenticity problem independently, without having to take regardless of who or where the data came from. The application of blockchain fits perfectly with the digital supply chain as it leverages Internet technology as a system that connects all organizations involved in the supply chain. Blockchain consists of a set of data consisting of a chain of data packets where each block consists of several transactions in each block can be validated using cryptographic means, cryptography itself consists of two kinds of cryptographic symmetric and asymmetric cryptography. In this paper the application of blockchain uses cryptographic symmetric with Rijndael 256 algorithm which is famous for its easy resistance, speed and design. the results of discussions using technology and blockchain on the digital supply chain is still a concept of application. From the concepts, the researcher concludes the application of blockchain technology with the data structure can be applied by sharing encryption and can be applied in some cases, such as data verification for face recognition, artificial intelligence or machine learning.

Information flows in relationships between public admin-istration and economic entities towards the concept of new public management

Due to the need for public sector reforms, a number of actions are being undertaken to improve the delivery of public services. New Public Management is one of the concepts that assumes the introduction of management methods and techniques modelled on the private sector into the public sector. In line with this new concept of customer manage-ment, service recipients are perceived not as supplicants but as customers. The aim of the article is to present the directions of changes in information flows in relations between public administration and economic entities related to the implementation of new public management. The article presents the basic assumptions of the New Public Management concept. Subsequently, the attention is paid to the types of information and methods of communication in relations of public administration with business entities. Electronic means are becoming one of the most important channels of information flow. The imple-mentation of modern information and communication technologies enables electronic da-ta exchange, creation of electronic documents, e-services and electronic access to infor-mation.

Evaluation of Data Exchange Process for Interoperability and Impact on Electronic Laboratory Reporting Quality to a State Public Health Agency.

BackgroundPast and present national initiatives advocate for electronic exchange of health data and emphasize interoperability. The critical role of public health in the context of disease surveillance was recognized with recommendations for electronic laboratory reporting (ELR). Many public health agencies have seen a trend towards centralization of information technology services which adds another layer of complexity to interoperability efforts.ObjectivesThe study objective was to understand the process of data exchange and its impact on the quality of data being transmitted in the context of electronic laboratory reporting to public health. This was conducted in context of Minnesota Electronic Disease Surveillance System (MEDSS), the public health information system for supporting infectious disease surveillance in Minnesota. Data Quality (DQ) dimensions by Strong et al., was chosen as the guiding framework for evaluation.MethodsThe process of assessing data exchange for electronic lab reporting and its impact was a mixed methods approach with qualitative data obtained through expert discussions and quantitative data obtained from queries of the MEDSS system. Interviews were conducted in an open-ended format from November 2017 through February 2018. Based on these discussions, two high level categories of data exchange process which could impact data quality were identified: onboarding for electronic lab reporting and internal data exchange routing. This in turn comprised of ten critical steps and its impact on quality of data was identified through expert input. This was followed by analysis of data in MEDSS by various criteria identified by the informatics team.ResultsAll DQ metrics (Intrinsic DQ, Contextual DQ, Representational DQ, and Accessibility DQ) were impacted in the data exchange process with varying influence on DQ dimensions. Some errors such as improper mapping in electronic health records (EHRs) and laboratory information systems had a cascading effect and can pass through technical filters and go undetected till use of data by epidemiologists. Some DQ dimensions such as accuracy, relevancy, value-added data and interpretability are more dependent on users at either end of the data exchange spectrum, the relevant clinical groups and the public health program professionals. The study revealed that data quality is dynamic and on-going oversight is a combined effort by MEDSS Informatics team and review by technical and public health program professionals.ConclusionWith increasing electronic reporting to public health, there is a need to understand the current processes for electronic exchange and their impact on quality of data. This study focused on electronic laboratory reporting to public health and analyzed both onboarding and internal data exchange processes. Insights gathered from this research can be applied to other public health reporting currently (e.g. immunizations) and will be valuable in planning for electronic case reporting in near future.

SNOMED CT standard ontology based on the ontology for general medical science

BackgroundSystematized Nomenclature of Medicine—Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT, hereafter abbreviated SCT) is a comprehensive medical terminology used for standardizing the storage, retrieval, and exchange of electronic health data. Some efforts have been made to capture the contents of SCT as Web Ontology Language (OWL), but these efforts have been hampered by the size and complexity of SCT.MethodOur proposal here is to develop an upper-level ontology and to use it as the basis for defining the terms in SCT in a way that will support quality assurance of SCT, for example, by allowing consistency checks of definitions and the identification and elimination of redundancies in the SCT vocabulary. Our proposed upper-level SCT ontology (SCTO) is based on the Ontology for General Medical Science (OGMS).ResultsThe SCTO is implemented in OWL 2, to support automatic inference and consistency checking. The approach will allow integration of SCT data with data annotated using Open Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) Foundry ontologies, since the use of OGMS will ensure consistency with the Basic Formal Ontology, which is the top-level ontology of the OBO Foundry. Currently, the SCTO contains 304 classes, 28 properties, 2400 axioms, and 1555 annotations. It is publicly available through the bioportal at http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/SCTO/.ConclusionThe resulting ontology can enhance the semantics of clinical decision support systems and semantic interoperability among distributed electronic health records. In addition, the populated ontology can be used for the automation of mobile health applications.

Begutachtung der Kodierung im German Diagnosis Related Groups System in der HNO-Heilkunde

Prospective analysis of assessment reports in otorhinolaryngology for the period 01-03-2011 to 31-03-2017 by the Health Advisory Boards in Lower Saxony and Bremen, Germany in relation to coding in the G-DRG-System. The assessment reports were documented using a standardized database system developed on the basis of the electronic data exchange (DTA) by the Health Advisory Board in Lower Saxony. In addition, the documentation of the assessment reports according to the G-DRG system was used for assessment. Furthermore, the assessment of a case was evaluated once again on the basis of the present assessment documents and presented as an example in detail. During the period from 01-03-2011 to 31-03-2017, a total of 27,424 cases of inpatient assessments of DRGs according to the G-DRG system were collected in the field of otorhinolaryngology. In 7,259 cases, the DRG was changed, and in 20,175 cases, the suspicion of a DRG-relevant coding error was not justified in the review; thus, a DRG change rate of 26% of the assessments was identified over the time period investigated. There were different kinds of coding errors. In order to improve the coding quality in otorhinolaryngology, in addition to the special consideration of the presented "hit list" by the otorhinolaryngology departments, there should be more intensive cooperation between hospitals and the Health Advisory Boards of the federal states.

PARTICIPATION OF EXPERTS IN JUDICIAL CONSIDERATION OF CRIMINAL CASES – INNOVATIVE APPROACH

This article deals with topical issues of innovative enhancement of expert participation in criminal proceedings. It is identified the problematic questions of an expert’s examination during the trial to clarify or supplement its conclusion in accordance with Section 7, Article 101 CPC of Ukraine. It has been learned the experience of distance communication with court experts in Australia and Spain as well as took into account the shortage of personnel in the Expert Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and expert institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. On this basis, it is proposed to consolidate the Criminal procedure code of Ukraine and to technically provide a remote procedure for the participation of experts during criminal proceedings. It has been suggested for experts to be involved in criminal proceedings through an electronic exchange of data between the court’s systems and experts. In order to accomplish these tasks, it is proposed to develop an electronic system based on the Register of Certified Forensic Experts. This system should provide the following: maintaining a register of forensic experts and reflecting the types of expertise that the expert can carry out and the level of workload of the expert; exchange of electronic procedural documents with the subjects of criminal proceedings; distance communication with the court. An electronic expert system should also include: automatic examination of the expert’s authority when conducting an electronic examination procedure appointment; authentication on the basis of an electronic signature in the manner prescribed by law; creation of electronic conclusions of experts, their signing by electronic signature, and exchange of electronic procedural documents with the subjects of criminal proceedings. The article describes the introduction of an electronic criminal procedure for the appointment of an expert examination so that the expert receives access to the necessary criminal investigation information through a personal virtual office in the electronic system. Key words: criminal proceedings, subjects of criminal proceedings, register of forensic experts, types of forensic examinations, electronic procedural documents.

Exploiting AIS Data for Intelligent Maritime Navigation: A Comprehensive Survey From Data to Methodology

The automatic identification system (AIS) tracks vessel movement by means of electronic exchange of navigation data between vessels, with onboard transceiver, terrestrial, and/or satellite base stations. The gathered data contain a wealth of information useful for maritime safety, security, and efficiency. Because of the close relationship between data and methodology in marine data mining and the importance of both of them in marine intelligence research, this paper surveys AIS data sources and relevant aspects of navigation in which such data are or could be exploited for safety of seafaring, namely traffic anomaly detection, route estimation, collision prediction, and path planning.

Self-Similar key generation for secure communication in multimedia applications

Long term research activities focus on the provision of fundamental understanding and easy deployment of multimedia services on the multimedia communication. The rapid growth of digital communication and electronic data exchange provides the intensive data transfer without concentrating on the security issues. Secure communication with the minimal computational and storage overhead is the challenging task with the large size members nowadays. The Group Key Management (GKM) protocols offer numerous solutions to the security issues with an efficient interaction of group members controlling them. The groups participated in secure communication belongs to open or close scenario. The participation of registered members in close group is beneficial than the open group. With the increase in number of participants, the key size and the number of key generations will increase the computational overhead. To alleviate these issues, this paper proposes the novel self-similar key generation and distribution scheme on the basis of the Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman (ECDH) and Chinese Reminder Theorem (CRT). The assigning permission to each node to generate their own key at the specified time by the ECDH prevents the unnecessary distribution of keys that reduces the communication overhead. Then, the application of CRT theorem reduces the mathematical burden of key generation. Finally, the integration of the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) with the above mechanisms validates the number of messages transferred among the participants in both sender and receiver side. The prior key generation using ECDH and the CRT-based self-similar key generation reduces the computational and communication overhead effectively. The comparative analysis between the proposed SSKG with the existing schemes in terms of overhead, complexity assures the effectiveness of proposed schemes in secure multicast communication.

The Transformation of the Russian Industrial Complex Under Digitalisation

The article presents an approach to assessing the transformation of an industrial complex in the con? ditions of deep penetration of digital technologies into the material sector of the economy. It formulates a theoretical research platform based on the theory of the new industrial society, and substantiates a methodology encompassing reproductive, institutional and synergetic approaches. The paper shows that the transformation of the industrial complex, caused by any factors and implemented in any conditions, is always a discrete process of qualitative changes, leading to significant structural changes and institu? tional transformations. The author proposes a method for identifying the stages of the industrial complex transformation in the digital economy, representing them in the form of a pyramid, each of which has a certain “gene of digitalisation”. The author’s digitalisation pyramid includes five stages: primary ICT digitalisation; electronic data exchange with external partners; application of special software; own pro? duction of information and communication technologies and equipment; production and application of industrial robots and sensors. Having applied the described method, the author assesses the level of digi? talisation of the Russian industrial complex and makes a conclusion about quite high degree of primary computerisation, inclusion of industrial enterprises into “digital” exchange with suppliers and consumers, and dynamic development of the domestic software. At the same time, the analysis demonstrated that the process of digital transformation of the Russian industry is at its initial stages, and the achievement of the ambitious goals is possible only provided the goverment implements a competent industrial policy.

Consensus Statement: Feature and Function Recommendations to Optimize Clinician Usability of Direct Interoperability to Enhance Patient Care.

Background Secure clinical messaging and document exchange utilizing the Direct Protocol (Direct interoperability) has been widely implemented in health information technology (HIT) applications including electronic health records (EHRs) and by health care providers and organizations in the United States. While Direct interoperability has allowed clinicians and institutions to satisfy regulatory requirements and has facilitated communication and electronic data exchange as patients transition across care environments, feature and function enhancements to HIT implementations of the Direct Protocol are required to optimize the use of this technology. Objective To describe and address this gap, we developed a prioritized list of recommended features and functions desired by clinicians to utilize Direct interoperability for improved quality, safety, and efficiency of patient care. This consensus statement is intended to inform policy makers and HIT vendors to encourage further development and implementation of system capabilities to improve clinical care. Methods An ad hoc group of interested clinicians came together under the auspices of DirectTrust to address challenges of usability and create a consensus recommendation. This group drafted a list of desired features and functions that was published online. Comments were solicited from interested parties including clinicians, EHR and other HIT vendors, and trade organizations. Resultant comments were collected, reviewed by the authors, and incorporated into the final recommendations. Results This consensus statement contains a list of 57 clinically desirable features and functions categorized and prioritized for support by policy makers, development by HIT vendors, and implementation and use by clinicians. Conclusion Fully featured, standardized implementation of Direct interoperability will allow clinicians to utilize Direct messaging more effectively as a component of HIT and EHR interoperability to improve care transitions and coordination.

ЦИФРОВАЯ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ЖИЛИЩНО- КОММУНАЛЬНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА В РОССИИ

The transition of the Russian economy to the electronic exchange of data in the sphere of housing and communal household is described. The influence of the system of public administration, namely the program «Digital Economy of the Russian Federation». This program has been designed to introduce electronic data interchange for the sphere of housing and communal household since the automation of data collection of utility meters and utility payments is able not only to save considerable amounts of budget, but also to provide reliable impartial accounting of consumption of communal resources. The development of the life of the population has been predicted with the continuing urbanization of society. The strengths and weaknesses of urban infrastructure development are revealed. The aspects of introduction of the digital management model are presented as the only affordable and economically justified way of building the housing and communal household in the future.

Utilizing Standard Data Transactions and Public-Private Partnerships to Support Healthy Weight Within the Community.

Context:Obesity is a significant health issue in the United States that both clinical and public health systems struggle to address. Electronic health record data could help support multi-sectoral interventions to address obesity. Standards have been identified and created to support the electronic exchange of weight-related data across many stakeholder groups.Case Description:The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated a public-private partnership including government, industry, and academic technology partners to develop workflow scenarios and supporting systems to exchange weight-related data through standard transactions. This partnership tested the transmission of data using this newly-defined Healthy Weight (HW) profile at multiple health data interoperability demonstration events.Findings:Five transaction types were tested by 12 partners who demonstrated how the standards and related systems support end-to-end workflows around managing weight-related issues in the community. The standard transactions were successfully tested at two Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) Connectathon events through 86 validated tests encompassing 38 multi-partner transactions.Discussion:We have successfully demonstrated the transactions defined in the HW profile with a public-private partnership. These tested IT products and HW standards could be used to support a continuum of care around health related issues encompassing both health care and public health functions.Conclusion:The use of the HW profile, including a set of transactions and identified standards to implement those transactions, in IT products is a helpful first step in leveraging health information technology to address weight-related issues in the United States. Future work is needed to expand the use of these standards and to assess their use in real world settings.

Promoting Scientific Transparency to Facilitate the Safe and Open International Exchange of Biological Materials and Electronic Data.

Scientific communication, collaboration and progress are enhanced through the exchange of data, materials and ideas. Recent advances in technology, commercial proprietary discovery and current local and global events (e.g., emerging human, animal and plant disease outbreaks) have increased the demand, and shortened optimal timelines for material and data exchange, both domestically and internationally. Specific circumstances in each case, such as the type of material being transferred (i.e., select agent, disease-causing agent and assessed biosafety risk level) and current events, dictate the level of agreements and requirements. Recent lessons learned from emerging disease issues and emergencies have demonstrated that human engagement and increased science diplomacy are needed to reinforce and sustain biosafety and biosecurity practices and processes, for better scientific transparency. A reasonable and accepted framework of guidance for open sharing of data and materials is needed that can be applied on multiple cooperative levels, including global and national. Although numerous agreement variations already exist for the exchange of materials and data, regulations to guide the development of both the language and implementation of such agreements are limited. Without such regulations, scientific exchange is often restricted, limiting opportunities for international capacity building, collaboration and cooperation. In this article, we present and discuss several international case histories that illustrate the complex nature of scientific exchange. Recommendations are made for a dual bottom-up and top-down approach that includes all stakeholders from beginning negotiation stages to emphasize trust and cooperation. The broader aim of this approach is to increase international scientific transparency and trust in a safe and open manner, supporting increased global one health security.

NEDSS Base System (NBS): Electronic Data Exchange and Workflow Decision Support

ObjectiveThe NEDSS Base System (NBS), an integrated disease surveillancesystem, implemented extensible functionality to support electronicdata exchange for multiple use cases and public health workflowmanagement of incoming messages and documents.IntroductionThe NBS is an integrated disease surveillance system deployedin 22 public health jurisdictions to support receipt, investigation,analysis and reporting, and data exchange for state reportableconditions. The NBS is governed by the Centers for Disease Controland Prevention (CDC) and state, local, and territorial users that makeup the NBS Community. In the early 2000’s, electronic laboratoryresults reporting (ELR) was implemented in an effort to improvetimeliness and completeness of disease reporting. As standards-basedelectronic health records (EHRs) are adopted and more surveillancedata become available, modern surveillance systems must consumeinformation in an automated way and provide more functionality toautomate key surveillance processes.MethodsMany use cases exist for exchanging data with an integrated publichealth surveillance system. These can include exchange of electroniccase and laboratory reports from healthcare, data sharing betweenpublic health entities, data migration from legacy systems, andongoing exchange with other public health systems (e.g. immunizationregistries). The NBS implemented an interface specification called thePublic Health Document Container (PHDC). PHDC is based on HL7version 3 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA). It allows import ofpatient (cases and contacts), investigation, treatment, interview, andlaboratory information into NBS. CDA was chosen as the buildingblock to facilitate data exchange with the healthcare community.Through use of data integration tools, incoming data can be mappedfrom any format to PHDC and imported into the system. Existingservices, such as patient, provider, and organization deduplicationare applied. To assist with management of incoming electronicdocuments, NBS implemented a functionality called WorkflowDecision Support (WDS). WDS uses configurable algorithms toautomatically process incoming documents (including case reports,laboratory reports, etc.) into the public health workflow. Users canchoose to mark an incoming document as reviewed or automaticallycreate an investigation and case notification message to CDC (fornationally notifiable conditions).ResultsThrough PHDC, NBS is able to receive data from healthcare usingnational standards, such as the HL7 Electronic Initial Case Report(eICR). Three NBS partners are currently collaborating to pilot eICRfunctionality. PHDC was successfully used to migrate large volumesof data from a legacy surveillance system into the NBS. Two NBSstates are using PHDC to implement ongoing data exchange betweenseparate surveillance systems within their jurisdiction. In several NBSjurisdictions, WDS is used to automatically create investigations andcase notifications for high-morbidity conditions such as gonorrheaand chlamydia. In other jurisdictions, WDS is used to assist withmanaging high volumes of Hepatitis B and C reports.ConclusionsCDA-based PHDC does require that public health have knowledgeof standards and data integration resources to transform incomingmessages to the PHDC interface; however, the flexibility providedby this approach ensures the system is able to respond to newand changing standards without system development. Additionalenhancements are needed to support data exchange with immunizationregistries. WDS functionality does reduce burden on public healthstaff, especially when dealing with high-volume diseases. Futurefunctionalities include the ability to define more criteria (such as ageor gender) to drive the actions taken on an incoming lab or case report.

An Informatics Framework to Support Surveillance System Interoperability in Minnesota

ObjectiveTo create an informatics framework and provide guidanceto help Minnesota’s public health surveillance systems achieveinteroperability and transition to standards-based electronicinformation exchange with external health care providers using thestate’s birth defects registry as an initial pilot program.IntroductionThe Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) needs to be ableto collect, use, and share clinical, individual-level health dataelectronically in secure and standardized ways in order to optimizesurveillance capabilities, support public health goals, and ensureproper follow-up and action to public health threats. MDH programs,public health departments, and health care providers across the stateare facing increasing demands to receive and submit electronic healthdata through approaches that are secure, coordinated, and efficient;use appropriate data standards; meet state and federal privacy laws;and align with best practices. This framework builds upon existinginformatics models and two past studies assessing health informationexchange (HIE) conducted by the MDH Office of Health InformationTechnology (OHIT) to provide MDH surveillance systems with anoutline of the key elements and considerations for transitioning tomore secure, standards-based, electronic data exchange.MethodsDevelopment of the informatics framework incorporatesinformation gathered in several phases. The first phase involvesadditional analysis of data collected from the MDH InformaticsAssessment of Interoperability and HIE1that was conducted in 2015to evaluate the current state of interoperability and HIE readinessacross the agency. The second phase involves a comprehensiveenvironmental scan and literature review of existing standards,practices, models, toolkits, and other resources related to electronicHIE and interoperability. The third phase involves gathering additionalinformation on programmatic needs, workflows, and capabilitiesthrough key informant interviews. Key informants include programmanagers, staff, and content-area experts from select MDH programs,the state’s central information technology organization (MN.IT), andexternal health care provider organizations including hospitals.Minnesota’s birth defects registry, the Birth Defects InformationSystem (BDIS), was selected as the pilot program because it wasidentified in the 2015 MDH Informatics Assessment as having a highlevel of interest in implementing an interoperable and standards-driven approach to electronic health data exchange. The BDIS is alsoexploring options for being designated as an eligible public healthregistry for Meaningful Use. As a pilot program for this project,the BDIS assists in the development and implementation of theinformatics framework.ResultsThe 2015 MDH Informatics Assessment identified and evaluated21 MDH programs with information systems that accept and manageclinical, individual-level health information. Among these 21 MDHprograms, wide variations exist regarding information system size(range, 400 to 10,000,000 individuals), staffing numbers (range, 0.2 to21 FTEs), budgets (range, $20,000 to $1,876,000), and other keycharacteristics. Despite these variations, programs identified similarbarriers and needs related to achieving interoperability and electronicHIE. Areas of need include management and information technologysupport to make interoperability a priority; policies and governance;additional application functionality to support HIE; and additionalskills for the workforce. Results from the environmental scan and keyinformant interviews will be incorporated with additional analyses ofthe 2015 MDH Informatics Assessment to inform the development ofan agency-wide informatics framework to support MDH programs inachieving interoperability.ConclusionsMDH surveillance systems are calling for practical guidance tohelp implement and maintain a more efficient and effective wayto electronically collect, use, and share health data with externaland internal stakeholders. This informatics framework provides anoutline of the key elements and considerations for achieving greaterinteroperability across MDH surveillance systems. Additionalresearch is required to assess how system interoperability and HIEcan improve data quality and advance population health goals.

DIGITAL LOGISTICS AND ELECTRONIC DATA EXCHANGE IN FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION

[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT The article depictures approaches to building a new model of interaction and system optimization of business processes based on the use of digital technologies at all stages of shaping the value chain of products and services that provide the creation of an information platform for digital economy. The methodical foundations of formation of the evidence base for development of digital logistics and introduction of legally significant electronic data exchange in the organization of rail transportation are considered. Keywords: digital technologies, freight transportation market, electronic document management, information system of organization of relations with customers of the holding Russian Railways in the field of freight transportation, losses in the transport sector.

A Consensus-Based Approach for Harmonizing the OHDSI Common Data Model with HL7 FHIR.

A variety of data models have been developed to provide a standardized data interface that supports organizing clinical research data into a standard structure for building the integrated data repositories. HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) is emerging as a next generation standards framework for facilitating health care and electronic health records-based data exchange. The objective of the study was to design and assess a consensus-based approach for harmonizing the OHDSI CDM with HL7 FHIR. We leverage a FHIR W5 (Who, What, When, Where, and Why) Classification System for designing the harmonization approaches and assess their utility in achieving the consensus among curators using a standard inter-rater agreement measure. Moderate agreement was achieved for the model-level harmonization (kappa = 0.50) whereas only fair agreement was achieved for the property-level harmonization (kappa = 0.21). FHIR W5 is a useful tool in designing the harmonization approaches between data models and FHIR, and facilitating the consensus achievement.

PERANAN E-COMMERCE DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN VOLUME PENJUALAN MESIN CRUSHER MMD MINERAL SIZING PADA PT. SAPARILO CAYDO JAKARTA

Indonesia is a developing country and will face an era of competition. This causes Indonesia to be involved in the competition. Marketing is a comprehensive system of business activities designed to plan, price, promote and distribute goods that can satisfy the desires of good services to both current and potential customers. Marketing is all business activities related to the flow of goods and services transfers from producer to final consumer. E-commerce is a purchase, sale, marketing of services and goods through electronic or internet systems. E-commerce can involve the exchange of electronic data, electronic funds, as well as electronic inventory systems. Promotional activities carried out by PT Saparilo Caydo more focused on online transaction activities. E-commerce plays a key role in supporting the success of PT Saparilo Caydo in increasing the sales volume of crusher machine. E-commerce is a means of liaison between producers and prospective customers to make transactions easily anytime and anywhere . Â Keywords : e-commerce, sales volume, pt. saparilo caydo

Advancing medical device innovation through collaboration and coordination of structured data capture pilots: Report from the Medical Device Epidemiology Network (MDEpiNet) Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Results-Oriented, Time Bound (SMART) Think Tank

The Medical Device Epidemiology Network (MDEpiNet) is a public private partnership (PPP) that provides a platform for collaboration on medical device evaluation and depth of expertise for supporting pilots to capture, exchange and use device information for improving device safety and protecting public health. The MDEpiNet SMART Think Tank, held in February, 2013, sought to engage expert stakeholders who were committed to improving the capture of device data, including Unique Device Identification (UDI), in key electronic health information. Prior to the Think Tank there was limited collaboration among stakeholders beyond a few single health care organizations engaged in electronic capture and exchange of device data. The Think Tank resulted in what has become two sustainable multi-stakeholder device data capture initiatives, BUILD and VANGUARD. These initiatives continue to mature within the MDEpiNet PPP structure and are well aligned with the goals outlined in recent FDA-initiated National Medical Device Planning Board and Medical Device Registry Task Force white papers as well as the vision for the National Evaluation System for health Technology.%.