Implementation Of Electronic Commerce Research Articles

Electronic commerce as a tool for implementation of the constitutional right to business activity

The scientific article examines the essence and development of e-commerce as a key element of the modern economy, which significantly changes traditional business models and creates new opportunities for entrepreneurs and consumers. The impact of information and communication technologies on economic development is analyzed and their decisive role in the implementation of electronic commerce is indicated. Several key innovations that have fueled the rapid growth of e-commerce are explored, namely: AI-powered personalization, omni-channel commerce across platforms, and the integration of secure electronic payments using emerging technologies such as blockchain. In addition to technological aspects, social and economic factors that contributed to the development of e-commerce are considered, including the COVID-19 pandemic, changing consumer habits and the growth of logistics companies. The article also covers the issue of legal regulation of electronic commerce, analyzing international legal acts. It is concluded that e-commerce is a complex phenomenon that includes not only trade transactions but also related business processes such as marketing, data processing and supply chain management. The need for further development of the legal framework for its effective functioning in Ukraine and the world is indicated. E-commerce is proposed to be understood as the process of buying, selling or exchanging goods, services and information using electronic means, mainly through Internet platforms, covering a variety of business processes, such as: online trade, electronic payments, digital marketing, supply chain management, etc. . It was established that the relationship between the right to entrepreneurial activity and e-commerce is that e-commerce is one of the forms of entrepreneurial activity that is adapted to the modern conditions of the digital economy and the development of information technologies, in particular, this relationship is embodied through the prism the following legal relations: the right to entrepreneurial activity as a basis. The constitutional right to entrepreneurial activity provides an opportunity to freely choose and carry out economic activity for the purpose of obtaining profit. This right covers the freedom to choose the form of doing business, dispose of profits and protect one’s interests in the process of carrying out economic activities; digitalization as a form of entrepreneurship. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) expands the traditional possibilities of conducting business, offering new ways for entrepreneurs through the Internet. It covers not only the purchase and sale of goods and services, but also various business processes related to the exchange of digital information, conducting financial transactions and managing logistics; digital capabilities. Thanks to electronic commerce, the right to do business is expanded by accessing global markets and simplifying interaction with customers, which allows doing business regardless of geographical boundaries and time. Entrepreneurs can quickly implement new technologies, automate business processes and provide an individual approach to consumers through digital platforms; protection, security and settlement. Thus, the state, realizing the constitutional right to entrepreneurial activity, must ensure legal regulation of electronic commerce. This includes the protection of consumer rights, control over the quality of services, regulation of digital signatures, protection of personal data and support for the security of online payments; innovation and competition. E-commerce stimulates the development of entrepreneurship, increasing competition through opportunities for innovation. Entrepreneurs working in e-commerce gain competitive advantages due to the efficiency of digital technologies and global opportunities.

E-commerce in food products in the EAEU member states: a sociological aspect

An initial testing of the developed sociological research methodology was carried out, aimed at assessing the level of consumer protection in the EAEU member states, including in the implementation of electronic commerce. Primary results are presented that reveal the behavior of consumers purchasing food products in online stores, as well as consumers’ assessment of the quality of e-commerce services.

Adoption Of E-Commerce In Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises In Bogor District

In recent years, e-commerce has emerged as one of the most rapidly expanding commercial trends. This trend is propelled by the growing prevalence of internet access and the widespread adoption of smartphones in society. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in the Indonesian economy. The transformation of SMEs must continue to be strengthened through optimizing the use of digital technology so that it can attract benefits for marketing activities and product sales. digital marketing is the most chosen area to start. The challenge is that as many as 30.9% of SMEs still experience difficulties in digital adoption. The objective of this study is to examine the determinants that impact the implementation of electronic commerce by small and medium-sized enterprises in Bogor Regency. This study used an online survey methodology, with a sample size of 170 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) located in Bogor Regency. Data processing was conducted utilizing spreadsheet apps and SmartPLS. The findings indicated that perceived utility, external influences, and attitude towards adopting e-commerce are influential and statistically significant factors in promoting e-commerce adoption. Regarding the perceived ease of use, the attitude towards adopting e-commerce is not influenced by technical readiness and organizational readiness. This research has several implications for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), government entities, and e-commerce administrators. This research demonstrates the imperative for SMEs to enhance their knowledge and skills in utilizing e-commerce, while also enhancing their organizational governance and receptiveness to change, particularly at the top management level. The government requires consistency in offering support to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in their use of e-commerce, including training, financial aid, and innovation.

The Impact of Covid-19 on Electronic Trade (E- Commerce) and the Resulting Problems in Albanian Taxation

Covid-19 radically changed the way of living and working, significantly slowed down the development of economic activity, but on the other hand it caused an increase in e-commerce and the acceleration of the digital transformation. At a time when isolation and quarantine were in effect, businesses and consumers as a form of survival switched to the digital network, offering and buying more goods and services online and thus also increasing the e-commerce activity. Based on statistical data, over 20% of businesses in Albania managed to market their products electronically, thus changing the concept of traditional buyers to online buyers. It is worth noting that all this change in consumer behavior seems to be permanent and not temporary. All this change in the economic life of the country, in the way of doing business, needs fiscal intervention, since in the Albanian market the electronic commerce is being seen as an opportunity to avoid taxes. At the same time, there have been interventions in the fiscal package by setting a settled price range for online purchases coming from abroad. This has been justified as an intervention to protect local business. This paper aims to analyze how Covid-19 accelerated the increase in the convenience of online shopping in Albania, making possible the rapid development of e-commerce activity. The research methodology will be based on a market study in the form of a questionnaire addressed to consumers and aims to identify the factors influencing their online purchases, online payments, digital connectivity, changes to physical purchases, etc. Also, the paper will identify the difficulties and obstacles of the implementation of electronic commerce in Albania in the aspect of the individual and the business, focusing on the problems of today's market.

Classification of SMEs through a distributed system that allows the generation of e-commerce applications in Mexico

Mexican companies with the current economic model and globalization that we are experiencing have been able to expand into other markets thanks to the interconnectivity of new technologies, which has led to the arrival of multinational companies and the investment of large Mexican capital in other latitudes to a greater extent, and investment outside our country by some companies, that is, looking for new business niches for the expansion of markets where they can compete with their products and services. It is not the case of small and medium-sized companies that despite being a sector that in terms of the constitution of companies, 94% of the micro-enterprises established in this country do not have infrastructure and technology conditions that allow them to make use of of the same that allows them to improve their efficiency, productivity and competitiveness. These represent barriers for Mexican SMEs, continuous loss of market position, thereby endangering their livelihood. The purpose of this research is to carry out a study of Mexican SMEs that serves as a proposal for an innovative model for the implementation of electronic commerce that serves as an instrument to increase the competitiveness and confidence of transactions executed in the context of electronic marketing, using using multivariate statistical methods such as Ward's method and factor analysis as validation that supports criteria of legality, security and guarantee as an adequate means for said commercialization.

Қазақстан Республикасындағы электрондық сауданы дамыту тенденциялары мен проблемалары

Зерттеудің мақсаты блокчейн технологиясының негізінде электрондық сауданы іске асыруға байланысты смарт-келісімшарттарға қол қою мен мұндай келісімшарттар жасауда ЭЦҚ арқылы қол қою мен дербес деректерді қорғауды қамтамасыз етудің проблемалық аспектілерін талдау. Мақалада электрондық шарттарды мемлекеттік тіркеуге және дербес деректерді қорғауға байланысты республикамыздағы электрондық сауданы дамытуда бүгінгі күні байқалатын негізгі үрдістер мен проблемалары қарастырылған. Зерттеу әдістері ретінде талдау және синтездеу, тарихи, формальды-логикалық сияқты ғылыми ізденістің жалпы әдістерімен қатар, салыстырмалы-құқықтық зерттеу, модельдеу сияқты жеке әдістері де қолданылды. Айтар болсақ, жылжымайтын мүлікті тіркеу, «блокчейн» технологиясы арқылы ЭЦҚ-ны қолдануда дербес деректерді қорғауды қамтамасыз етудің қызметтері талданып, моделі әзірленді. Зерттеу барысында төмендегідей нәтижелерге қол жеткізілді: а) блокчейн технологиясының механизмі зерделеніп және оны қолдануда туындайтын қоғамдық қатынастардың осы саласын құқықтық реттеудегі объективті қиындықтары анықталды; ә) Қазақстан Республикасының электронды нысандағы мәмілелерді жасау мен орындауды реттейтін негізгі нормативтік актілері талданды; б) жылжымайтын мүлікті тіркеуде блокчейн технологиясын қолданудың шетелдік тәжірибесі зерделенді; в) Қазақстандағы сандық технологияларды құқықтық реттеу талданып, смарткелісімшарттың тұжырымдамасы айқындалды; г) смарт-келісімшарттардың орындалуын қамтамасыз етудің ерекшеліктері айқындалды; д) ЭЦҚ-ны қолдануда дербес деректерді қорғауды қамтамасыз ету кезінде негізгі проблемалық аспектілер зерттелді. Мақаланың қорытындысында осы процестерді заңнамалық реттеу мақсатында нормативтік құқықтық актілерге, соның ішінде «жылжымайтын мүлікке құқықтарды мемлекеттік тіркеу туралы» Заңға толықтырулар мен өзгерістер енгізу ұсынылған.

MODEL OF IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE TECHNOLOGIES

The article distinguishes the classification of types and forms of e-commerce depending on the relations between the parties involved, as well as on the types of enterprises carrying out commercial activities. The analyzed studies of the correlation between the transition to electronic commerce and the growth of the productivity of the economic entity allowed us to conclude that there is no single approach to the impact of the introduction of information and communication technologies on the results of the enterprise. The technological factors of e-commerce implementation at small and medium-sized enterprises are considered, including: organizational flexibility, external pressure, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. The model of technological implementation of electronic commerce is based on the research of K. Fleisher, which analyzes such important aspects of the business entity's activity as: technological, which characterizes the firm, existing and future technologies; organizational, which refers to the size of the firm and its field of activity, organizational structure and internal resources, environmental aspect, which refers to the area where the company exists, which refers to industries, competitors and existing relations with the government. The model is supplemented with such elements as the use of electronic data exchange, relationships with business partners, obstacles and risks. The question of the process of implementing e-commerce is considered from a practical point of view as an important competitive tool for domestic companies, which is increasingly characterized by the absence of borders, internationalization and the so-called "technological liquidity". The essential reasons for the introduction of electronic commerce technologies by domestic enterprises are highlighted. The value chain process in e-commerce is considered. A value chain is a business model that describes a company by breaking down a series of activities that add value or cost at each stage of the process. It was noted that large companies show a greater tendency to develop fragmented value chains without an adequate industrial relations system depending on their business model. There are large differences in the assessment of the impact of the introduction of e-commerce on the labor market

Protection of consumer rights in the advertising of the future in the context of economic instability

The purpose of the study is to analyze the factors that affect the economic systems of the world in the aspect of consumer rights protection. The result of the study was the substantiation of the proposition that in order to maintain the competitiveness of the market under adverse economic conditions, the following conditions must be ensured for it: the presence of many producers and well-informed buyers. The Internet search tool offered 51 scientific publications, among which 21 scientific articles should be singled out, 18 of them cover the field of scientific interest of social sciences, related to research on the protection of consumer rights in the field of electronic commerce. A scientific article was analyzed, the subject of which was the study of ethical aspects of electronic commerce, the development of a certain generalized model of the behavior of its consumers based on the conducted research. The analysis of scientific works related to the study of the protection of intellectual property rights, patent rights of third parties, their responsibility in the event of offenses in the implementation of electronic commerce and advertising activities on the Internet became important for the research. In the analyzed scientific publications on the problems of the functioning of advertising activity under conditions of economic instability, the importance of adaptation of manufacturers of goods, works, and services, their marketing strategies to new conditions is emphasized. For example, it was noted that the hotel sector of the economy, which is one of the most affected by the negative consequences of the coronavirus disease pandemic during 2020-2021, in the developed countries of Europe, thanks to the effective “green” advertising of its own business, which promoted ecological hotel tourism, was able not only to level the material losses caused by it but also to increase one's own profit.

Problems of legal regulation of taxation of electronic commerce

One of the most pressing issues in modern tax law is the solution of the issue of taxation in the field of electronic commerce. Currently, in the world practice of national states and economic unions of taxation, a number of methods have been formed related to the development of a tax mechanism in this area.An analysis of the scientific literature, as well as domestic and international legislation, indicates that attempts are being made to legally regulate the term “electronic commerce”, as well as to determine the types of taxes applicable to it. The most common taxes in international tax practice are VAT and the tax on goods and services. The Russian Federation also uses VAT in this area in the implementation of electronic commerce.

El impacto del comercio electrónico en el turismo de Latinoamérica

La evolución de las nuevas tecnologías ha sido un elemento fundamental para la implementación del comercio electrónico en el turismo, ha tenido un impacto positivo y contribuye de manera significativa al PIB de la región. Permite un mejor proceso en la elección de contenido, la decisión efectiva en el flujo de las mercancías y las ventas. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es determinar el impacto del comercio electrónico en el turismo de Latinoamérica, en la cual se ha descrito las estrategias esenciales para el desarrollo de la economía, el impacto de los sitios webs, porque los usuarios prefieren realizar transacciones desde la comunidad de su hogar. De acuerdo con (Rivera & Rodríguez, 2016) el turismo mediante el comercio electrónico incluye la virtualización de todos los procesos y de la cadena de valor en el turismo, con el objetivo de maximizar la eficiencia de las empresas de este sector (Pérez, 2011) De esta manera mejora la operatividad y la gestión digital, mediante el desarrollo de estrategias que revolucionan todos los procesos del negocio, la cadena de valor y las relaciones con los clientes finales.

El comercio electrónico y la infraestructura tecnológica en las farmacias comunitarias del Cantón Santo Domingo.

El comercio electrónico en el sector farmacéutico reforma y amplía los mercados en la salud y bienestar de las personas. En la actualidad, es común para las personas el manejo de equipos tecnológicos móviles, smartphones, entre otros, destacando que estos medios permiten realizar compras y promocionar productos. La presente investigación se enfoca en analizar la infraestructura tecnológica para la implementación del e-commerce. Se realizó investigación de campo y obtención de resultados mediante las encuestas aplicadas a empleados y clientes, el cual arrojo resultados positivos para la implementación del comercio electrónico, ya que satisface las necesidades adquisitivas de productos farmacéuticos. Se destaca también, que otras cadenas farmacéuticas han implementado el comercio electrónico, con lo cual han obtenido mayor productividad y competitividad.

The essence of electronic commerce and electronic transactions

This article describes the problem of the legal nature of electronic commerce and electronic transactions, which are relevant with the development of information and communication technologies. According to the authors, electronic commerce is a type of entrepreneurial activity in the sale of goods and services using information and communication technologies. In this article, the authors study the legal nature and signs of entrepreneurial activity, electronic commerce and electronic transactions, compare the opinions of scientists on this issue. The authors distinguish the following signs of electronic commerce, firstly, it is a trading activity that is aimed at making a profit by making transactions using information and communication technologies; secondly, it is an entrepreneurial activity that is risky in nature; thirdly, electronic commerce is based on electronic transactions using information and communication tools, the implementing of which is associated with the transfer of information; fourthly, the implementation of electronic commerce has its own characteristics, for example, the delivery of goods in various ways and making payments in various ways. In addition, the authors propose an amendment to the current legislation and propose a definition of entrepreneurial activity and electronic transaction.

РОЗВИТОК ЛОГІСТИКИ ЕЛЕКТРОННОЇ КОМЕРЦІЇ НА ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ

The article is devoted to the development of e-commerce logistics at industrial enterprises. It is substantiated that in the era of digital transformations, industrial enterprises should reorient themselves to the processes of digitalization of sales. Key features and certain stereotypes of introducing e-commerce logistics in industrial enterprises are considered and substantiated: low cost of implementing e-commerce logistics, simplification in ordering and supplying products, using a traditional logistics system in the field of e-commerce supplies, simplified warehouse logistics. Problems were processed for each stereotype. It is substantiated that industrial enterprises are partly a logistics system that can be used in the application of e-commerce, which requires its formation and additional equipment. It was revealed that industrial enterprises need thorough control over the delivery time and the compliance of orders with the needs to avoid the production stoppage process at consumer enterprises. Reasonably, the need to change logistics operations in accordance with the principles of digitalized order fulfillment and appropriate tools for effective logistics management. The feasibility of optimizing the exchange of enterprises through e-commerce logistics are revealed. It was determined that the effective development of e-commerce logistics requires optimization and minimization of costs for the implementation of logistics operations in the field of e-commerce of the industrial enterprise; matching the stock of finished products between the needs and the ability of the company to provide storage for the best possible delivery times; a mutually agreed e-commerce logistics infrastructure of an industrial enterprise with a traditional logistics system. Recommendations for the development of e-commerce logistics in an industrial enterprise are proposed: creation of an appropriate logistics system for e-commerce, focused on both the B2B market and the B2C market, optimization of the warehousing system with the use of informatization and digitization of orders. The procedure for the implementation of electronic commerce at the industrial enterprise has been developed.

Perlindungan Hukum Kepada Konsumen dalam Perdagangan Transaksi Elektronik Berbasis Online

<p><em>This paper discusses the legal protection to consumers in electronic commerce studies according to statutory provisions. The purpose of this research is to protect the law of consumers who carry out trade transactions through online electronics and the implementation of electronic commerce on the sale and purchase site of Kaskus and how to sell to avoid fraud. This research method is a normative juridical that leads to empirical research that is research conducted using material sourced from secondary data, including language from applicable legislation, books, court decisions, relevant legal theories, and opinions of bachelor. The results and discussion regarding legal protection to consumers in online-based electronic commerce (e-commerce) for conducting transactions as regulated in Article 4 letters c and h of the UUPK are absent. The right of consumers to obtain true and honest information about the conditions and guarantees of goods are not fulfilled. Fulfillment of consumer rights to obtain compensation and compensation if the goods received are not in accordance with what was promised, to get compensation by asking consumers to send the goods back to the seller and then the obligations of the business actor in this provision the seller as legally stated the seller must be responsible for returning the purchase price and reimbursing costs or losses to consumers.</em></p>

Electronic trade in Ukraine: trends and prospects for development

One of the most significant changes that the business world is experiencing now is the progressive development and implementation of electronic commerce. Taking into account the rapid development of web and Internet technologies, e-commerce is increasing volumes on a global scale and is being formed as a separate sector of the economy. Every year, from 30% to 70% of the business of all countries (regardless of their level of development) goes online. This is especially true for business entities that carry out trading activities. The subject of research in the article is the e-commerce market in Ukraine. The goal is to conduct a statistical analysis of the state of development of the electronic commerce market in Ukraine Objectives: to study the concept of "electronic commerce"; to analyze the legislative base of Ukraine in the regulation of this sphere; statistical analysis of the development trends of e-commerce in Ukraine. General scientific methods are used: classifications and theoretical generalization - to study the theoretical foundations of electronic commerce, statistical analysis - to analyze the current state of electronic commerce in Ukraine. The following results were obtained: based on the analysis of statistical data describing the development of the e-commerce market in Ukraine, the main trends in the country were identified, the strengths and weaknesses of this area, and development prospects were identified. Conclusions: the analysis of the development of e-commerce in the world proved that today this area is rapidly increasing its volume. Ukraine has become Europe's leader in the development of e-commerce. It is proved that Ukraine has the potential to expand the influence of e-commerce companies, as 35% of the population still does not use the Internet, and a large number of users prefer foreign services due to distrust of national enterprises and an imperfect legislative base.

Novels of Legal Regulation in the Field of Cross-Border E-Commerce in the People’s Republic of China

The article is devoted to the peculiarities and the novels of legal regulation of cross-border e-commerce in China. The author considers the economic regulatory framework for cross-border electronic commerce, notes that China has not passed a separate law on electronic commerce yet, despite the existence of the plans to adopt such a law. The author also points out that the legal framework for electronic commerce and electronic commerce in China in general is not comprehensive and exemplary, besides its regulations are often either vague or outdated. Sale of fake, counterfeit, substandard goods and infringement of IP rights are widespread in the implementation of electronic commerce. This problem is also complicated by the lack of an effective mechanism for resolving disputes in China. Analyzing regulatory novels in addressing identified problems, the author focuses on the changes in the corporate and investment law of the Republic of China, and requirements for foreign companies operating in China. The article also focuses on administrative and fiscal legal acts in the legislation of the Republic of China. Thus, the author separately analyzes such latest regulations, enacted in China in 2016, as Special Plan for the Development of Electronic Commerce Logistics (2016-2020), Circular on Tax Policy for Cross-Border E-Commerce Retail Imports, Cross-Border E-Commerce Retail List of Imported Goods.

An Empirical Study of Problems in Implementation of Electronic Commerce in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

This research paper has examined the statistical significance of various problems in implementation ofe-commerce solution in business organizations in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. KSA (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)has witnessed substantial progress in the field of ICT related infrastructural development in the first decade of21st century. However, despite these positive developments and abundant resources, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(KSA) in particular and GCC member countries in general have not been able to catch up with the pace of digitaldevelopment in the rest of the world. The research paper attempts to identify the problems in implementinge-commerce in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This research paper on the basis of analysis of data throughhierarchical multiple regression modeling and multiple response analysis of the data has identified statisticallysignificant problems in implementation of e-commerce in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and outlined key policyoptions that this country as well as other GCC nations can consider in formulation of policies to stimulate,support and maximize the effect e-commerce has on their economies.

Perdagangan Elektronik: Suatu Bentuk Pasar Baru yang Menjanjikan?

Electronic Commerce is claimed as a form of new market in electronic era. Although most current use of Electronic Commerce occurs at the inter-corporate and inter-organizational levels, Electronic Commerce services aimed at individual consumers are developing rapidly. The internet is a major catalyst in the diffusion of Electronic commerce into an increasing number of economic spheres, and is rapidly harmonizing the general environment in which electronic transactions of all kinds take place. This form of new market is able to create some incentives both in transaction management and business efficiency area. On the other hand, implementation of Electronic Commerce become an issue discussed extensively from many of point of view including: law, economic and technology.

Selling the Web: Web Features Used by Retailers

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "CG Times","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">This study examines the use of the Web by retailers in business-to-consumer implementation of electronic commerce. An analysis of the content of retail Web sites was undertaken. Fourteen different business sectors encompassing 420 firms were evaluated. Results indicate that most current Web sites provide basic transaction features such as shopping carts and security. However, consumers want more advanced features such as the ability to determine if a product is in stock and the opportunity to track order progress online. Consumers also want greater assurances of confidentiality and privacy. Only a few firms currently provide these features.</span></p>

Application of electronic signatures in business and their influence on electronic commerce implementation

The internet has changed how participants around the world view telecommunications, buying, selling and transactions. Electronic Commerce (EC) and Electronic Signatures (ES) make it possible for enterprises to expand their business activities locally and globally. Quayle (2002) suggested that implementing ES leads to enhanced opportunities to increase competitiveness, to reach new partners, suppliers and markets, and to develop seller/buyer relationships. This paper will outline the nature of an electronic contract to explain that electronic signatures are built on digital signatures that are meant to guarantee authentication, integrity, privacy and nonrepudiation.