Electronic Certificates Research Articles

Electronic certificates as authentic deeds Provisions governing as well as public doubts

Electronic certificates as authentic deeds Provisions governing as well as public doubts

Legal Certainty Of Electronic Land Title Certificates

The idea of launching electronic land certificates aims to increase efficiency in land registration, support the Ease of Doing Business (EoDB), reduce the number of land cases, and provide better legal certainty. Electronic land certificates, like conventional certificates, serve as proof of land ownership rights. However, the application of electronic certificates is still faced with public concerns regarding the security of digital data, although there are also those who consider it safer because it is free from the risk of damage or loss. Article 2 paragraph (1) states that the land registration process can be done digitally. This research uses a normative legal method with a conceptual approach, starting from an analysis of the vagueness of norms which is then discussed regarding legal certainty in land ownership with electronic certificates, which is supported by Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation, Article 147. The determination of electronic certificates as valid evidence is also contained in Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the second amendment to Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE), Article 5, which recognizes electronic information, electronic documents, and their printouts as valid legal evidence in accordance with applicable procedural law in Indonesia.

Electronic Land Certificate Ownership as an Effort to Protect the Personal Data Law of the Community

Electronic land administration will replace systems that are still conventionally based. The aim of this research is to provide protection for personal data for people who have electronic land certificates so that they are right on target. Normative legal research uses qualitative methods with secondary data originating from documents, publications and research reports, and tertiary data functions as a guide and explanation for primary and secondary data. The results of the research conclude that ownership of electronic land certificates is necessary to improve the security of electronic systems owned by the government. UURI no. 5 of 1960 concerning Agrarian Principles and Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Spatial Planning/National Land Agency No. 1 of 2021 concerning Electronic Certificates which provides new technology in land registration services. Staff to support administration to use information technology and data validation. As a result, speed and innovation are needed to secure multiple uses of personal data. Therefore, electronic or digital certificates must be socialized first to the public to better understand and provide legal certainty in their application

인감증명제도에 대한 법제 개선 방안 연구

In addition to the function of confirming the person’s seal, Korea’s seal certificate performs the function of confirming the person’s identity and confirming the person’s intention. However, there was public opinion that the public’s convenience was insufficient. Recently, the government is proposing a system improvement plan for the certificate of seal for the convenience of the public. This plan to improve the certificate of seal is also consistent with the government’s national task. In order to improve the legal system of certification of seal, it is necessary to review it with evaluation criteria on the conformity of policy and legislation. These standards should also be considered for some amendments to ｢the Certification Of Seal Imprint Act｣ currently pending in the National Assembly and ways to innovate digital administrative services to improve the certification of seal system, which is a means of confirming the government’s intention. Based on these criteria, first, it is necessary to amend ｢the Certification of Seal Imprint Act｣, which allows the use of “Certificates of Personal Signature” and “Electronic Certificates of Personal Signature” that can be used in place of the current seal certificate, as to how to verify the guarantor’s qualifications when reporting a seal in writing. Second, it is necessary to amend ｢the Certification Of Seal Imprint Act｣ to utilize the electronic signature confirmation system under Article 7 of ｢the Act On Confirmation Of Personal Signature｣ in relation to the confirmation of overseas missions for overseas Koreans who are staying abroad. Third, it is necessary to amend ｢the Enforcement Decree Of The Certification Of Seal Imprint Act｣, which exempts fees when socially vulnerable people with disabilities and people aged 65 or older try to obtain a Certificates of Seal Imprints or Change of Seal Imprint. Fourth, it is necessary to establish a new regulation in the ｢the Certification of Seal Imprint Act｣ in relation to the establishment of the electronic Certificates of Seal Imprints system.

The Concept of Indefeasible Title in Electronic Land Certificates as an Initiative to Prevent Land Mafia

The study aims to analyze the indefeasible title concept on electronic land certificates for preventing land mafia. This research is normative legal research using legal and conceptual approaches. Legal materials include primary and secondary legal materials. According to the study, one of the causes of the land mafia is the land registration system's tendency to publish harmful material, as contained in Government Regulation 24 of 1997 on Land Registration. Therefore, reforming and developing the land law system into a positive publication system is necessary. By the Regulations of the Minister of Agrarian No. 1 of 2021 on Electronic Certificates, Electronic certificates are expected to be a database of landlords to reduce land disputes and strengthen the legitimacy of land certificates as a guarantee of ownership of land rights in Indonesia. Suppose an error in the registration procedure of a positive publication causes the losses of the party that should be more entitled. In that case, the state will guarantee compensation in substance to the party whose right is proven correct using the indefeasible title concept.

Proposed Corporate Performance Management Using Knowledge-Based Performance Management System (KBPMS) For Privy

PT. Privy Identitas Digital or Privy Digital Identity (Privy) is a firm established in Jakarta in 2016 that specializes in the provision of Certified Electronic Certificate Organization and Electronic Signature Organization services. Privy offers legally enforceable digital signature services, along with reliable digital identities, facilitating direct connections between businesses and customers. This thesis investigates the deployment of an integrated performance management system emphasising the Knowledge-Based Performance Management System (KBPMS) at PT. Privy Identitas Digital (Privy), a firm that specialises in certified electronic certificates and digital signatures. The exponential expansion of Privy's services has highlighted the need of aligning its business strategy with frontline operations by using integrated planning and monitoring tools. The research study of integrated performance management, which includes financial goals, customer, process, and employee perspectives, is examined in detail. The suggested method uses a robust performance management framework to address enterprise issues including traditional marketing tactics and the absence of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). KBPMS optimises company performance, meets business objectives, and promotes continuous development. Significant benefits are anticipated to result from the implementation of the KBPMS, including the following: increased talent development by means of targeted training and feedback derived from individual performance evaluations; enhanced employee engagement and motivation through transparent feedback and aligned goals; increased organisational agility and responsiveness to market changes via data-driven performance insights; and optimised resource allocation and cost reduction via the KBPMS. By showcasing the advantages of incorporating digital technology into performance management, it facilitates the adoption of comparable approaches by other organisations, thereby maximising the capabilities of their workforce.

Green Legality Certificate on Agrarian Reform: Indonesian Experience

As the most essential human need, territory is crucial for the survival of humanity. The increase in population and demand for land, as a result of urbanization, can no longer satisfy human requirements. The research method in this study is a normative legal research method. The approach method uses a statute approach, a comparative approach, and an analytical approach. The green certification serves as evidence for the legality of a building, fulfilling the criteria for a green building, as well as supports the green movement, which contributes to a positive public image. In the future, unregistered land could receive electronic certificates for the first time through land registration. As a guarantee of ownership of land rights, the legislation provides holders of electronic certificates with legal protection. The electronic information and transaction law (IET Law) accepts electronic land certificates as proof of electronic tenure.
 Keywords: green legality, land, certificate, Agrarian reform

Application of Electronic Land Certificates in The Indonesian Land System

As the era develops, which is supported by technological developments into the digital era, everything becomes easier and more practical. Likewise in Indonesia, which has begun to follow the development of the digital era. In order to realize modernization in connection with the digital era, services in the land sector in Indonesia have also begun to apply land services based on electronics to produce legal products in the form of electronic documents. The Electronic Land Certificate itself was launched in the Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency regarding Electronic Certificates which was signed by the Minister of Agrarian Affairs Sofyan Djalil on January 12, 2021. The purpose of this study is to provide knowledge and understanding of how to apply electronic certificates to the public. Through normative juridical methods and tracing document studies from laws and regulations to scientific journals, the research results will be used to analyze this study. The results of the study show that the application of electronic land certificates is something that cannot be prevented due to the increasingly advanced developments in today's digital era.

Relationship Between Patient Age and Postoperative Complications: Stematic Literature Review

As the era develops, which is supported by technological developments into the digital era, everything becomes easier and more practical. Likewise in Indonesia, which has begun to follow the development of the digital era. In order to realize modernization in connection with the digital era, services in the land sector in Indonesia have also begun to apply land services based on electronics to produce legal products in the form of electronic documents. The Electronic Land Certificate itself was launched in the Regulation of the Head of the National Land Agency regarding Electronic Certificates which was signed by the Minister of Agrarian Affairs Sofyan Djalil on January 12, 2021. The purpose of this study is to provide knowledge and understanding of how to apply electronic certificates to the public. Through normative juridical methods and tracing document studies from laws and regulations to scientific journals, the research results will be used to analyze this study. The results of the study show that the application of electronic land certificates is something that cannot be prevented due to the increasingly advanced developments in today's digital era

Blockchain-Based System For Handling Academic Records

The Academic Records Blockchain-Based System project is dedicated to establishing an unyielding anti-forgery system for academic documents, including mark sheets, transcripts, diplomas, and certifications. Our unwavering goal is to guarantee the authenticity of academic records, diminish the prevalence of counterfeit certificates, and streamline the document verification process, ultimately saving time and resources for all stakeholders. Through the adept utilization of blockchain, IPFS, and hash functions, we are committed to providing an exceptionally reliable method for verifying the legitimacy of certificates. This groundbreaking initiative centers around three pivotal entities: the Issuer, responsible for creating and issuing electronic certificates (e.g., universities awarding bachelor’s degrees), the Verifier, who rigorously authenticates the certificates (e.g., prospective employers conducting background checks), and the Student, who has secure access to the received documents

IMPLEMENTASI AUDIO MUSIK LATAR DAN VOICE OVER PADA VIDEO PERMOHONAN PENERBITAN SERTIFIKAT ELEKTRONIK

Audio is a sound that can be heard and seen and has an important role in supporting the delivery of narrative messages and providing atmosphere or mood in an animated video. An electronic certificate is a certificate that is electronic in nature. It contains an electronic signature that shows the identity and status of the legal subject of the parties and electronic transactions. Background music and voice-over were applied to a video about electronic certificate issuance as a medium for conveying information to clarify the content of the video. The video was then shown to employees and officials issuing the electronic certificates. The use of Fruity Loops Studio 20 for background music and voice-over is the main focus. It is expected to create original audio so that the video is informative and meaningful. The method used in the implementation of background music audio and voice-over in the application video for the issuance of electronic certificates is the Villamil-Molina method. And then, alpha testing and beta testing were carried out to determine the role of audio in providing information. The research results obtained are in the form of motion graphics.

Tumpang Tindih Sertifikat Tanah

Overlapping land certificates (Overlapping) is a situation where there are land parcels that overlap with other land parcels and there are multiple certificates for the same land parcel. This study aims to determine the causes of overlapping land certificates (overlapping) both in terms of internal factors and external factors and legal remedies for settlement and future legal remedies to overcome overlapping land certificates (overlapping). This research uses empirical juridical methods or research in the field that examines the implementation or implementation of applicable legal provisions and facts that occur in society. Data collection was carried out by field studies. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative analysis methods and using a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the causes of overlapping certificates (overlapping) are digitalization and also a lack of land maintenance by the community. The legal effort that can be taken to resolve the dispute is by canceling the certificate which of course has gone through several stages of the process and the future legal action is to routinely conduct outreach to certificate holders and the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs/BPN will immediately carry out electronic certificates in order to reduce overlapping land certificates (overlapping).

IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC LAND CERTIFICATES AS LEGAL LAND OWNERSHIP

With the issuance of Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency Number 1 of 2021 concerning Electronic Certificates, this is a new breakthrough from the government to protect the public and provide legal certainty regarding ownership of land rights. Due to the frequent occurrence of various land disputes which will ultimately be detrimental to society, such as falsification of land certificates, the existence of multiple land certificates or overlapping land certificates and the rise of the land mafia. The problem formulation for this research is how to implement the implementation of electronic land certificates as legal land ownership? and what about legal protection and certainty after the implementation of electronic land certificates? In practice, Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2021 concerning electronic certificates is relevant to be implemented today in line with the rapid development of science, technology and information. Legal certainty in the process of obtaining land rights is based on statutory rules and government regulations to prevent misuse of land rights, and can provide legal protection for land rights owners. This Ministerial Regulation aims to realize the modernization of land services in order to improve indicators of ease of doing business and public services to the community, thereby optimizing the use of information and communication technology by implementing electronic-based land services.

Cyber Notary Issues Authority Certificate to Provide Legal Protection in Online Selling

Purpose: This study aims to ascertain the importance of a Cyber Notary Notary in issuing Certificate authority to protect the Law for buyers in online buying and selling transactions and the procedure for producing evidence that can be used as reliable proof.
 
 Theoretical framework: The frequent problems of buying and selling online have become evidence of the need for legal rules or electronic laws. Therefore, cyber notary must provide facilities by making an authority certificate with the aim of providing legal protection in online selling and buying
 
 Method/design/approach: Using both a statutory and a conceptual approach, this investigation was conducted. The information provided comes from secondary sources that contain legal content. The data was gathered via normative data and a literature review. Deductive logic analysis techniques were used to examine the sources of legal materials gathered.
 
 Results and conclusion: According to the findings of this study, the Notary is no longer required to perform valid deeds electronically for deed agreements or electronic contracts. However, the Notary's job can be fulfilled by issuing electronic certificates in collaboration with the Certificate Authority to become a trusted third party.
 
 Research implications: This verification procedure can be used to validate electronic certificates. The verification process requires digital forensics, but it can be verified immediately by scanning a barcode at the Republic of Indonesia's Ministry of Law and Human Rights office. The Law on the Job of a Notary should also contain this responsibility because the Job of a Notary should allow for and include a Notary in providing electronic certifications.
 
 Originality/value: A Notary should be recognised as a service provider in the electronic field as part of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law revisions to protect parties in online buying and selling.

The Urgency of Electronic Land Certificates in the Land Registration Legal System in Indonesia

Objective: This study focuses on the implementation of Electronic Land Certificates in Indonesia's land registration system and their significance in ensuring legal certainty, reducing disputes, and modernizing land administration processes.
 
 Theoretical framework: The research is grounded in the context of digital advancements and the adoption of electronic-based land services to modernize land administration. It explores the advantages and disadvantages of electronic land certificates and compares Indonesia's progress with other countries.
 
 Method: A normative juridical approach was used to gather data from relevant documents and legislation related to electronic land certificates. The study's data were processed to derive its conclusions.
 
 Results and conclusions: Electronic Land Certificates are introduced to enhance land ownership security, streamline administrative procedures, and reduce fraudulent activities. The digitalization of land services aligns with broader objectives of improving public services and ease of doing business. While the implementation is gradual and pilot projects are being conducted, the transition to electronic certificates is expected to provide convenience and legal certainty for landowners.
 
 Originality/Value: The study highlights the importance of embracing electronic land certificates and the potential benefits they bring to land administration. It also emphasizes the need for public awareness and education to facilitate a smooth transition to digitalized processes.
 
 Research implications: The findings of this research have the potential to inform policymakers, authorities, and the general public about the advantages and considerations of adopting electronic land certificates in Indonesia's land registration system. The study contributes to discussions on modernizing administrative procedures and ensuring legal clarity in land ownership.

Application of Electronic Certificate in Indonesia and the Adaptation of the Provision of Electronic Certification (Psre) Under the Menteri Agraria/BPN Nomor 1 Tahun 2021

Technology that is growing rapidly affects all levels of society to keep up with existing technological advances. It is no exception with various government agencies in Indonesia which are now implementing the speed of technology. This also applied by the National Land Agency or BPN, which through the regulation of the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning Head of the Republic of Indonesia Land Agency or commonly referred to as ATR / BPN Number 1 of 2021 concerning Electronic Certificates which has now taken effect in January 2021. The regulation states that Electronic Certificates will replace physical certificates that were previously in the form of books. However, the problem experienced is that the Indonesian people do not fully understand the performance and also the use of electronic certificates due to the uneven socialization carried out by ATR / BPN. In addition, what is feared by the public is the very easy theft of data that occurs in Indonesia because of the weak security system especially in the Indonesian government.

Implementation of Motion Graphics in the Application Process and Issuance of Electronic Certificates

Elektonic Certificate is a type of certificate of electronic type which contains an electronic signature and identity the status of the legal of the parties to the electronic transaction, the first step in implementing an electronic signature is to have a legal and binding electronic certificate issued by the electronic certificate provider and ensure the security of the electronic system operation. This certificate is used for electronic signature instead of manual signature. And in it’s issuance, there are still many officials who do not understand how to issues electronic certificates. The implementation of Motion Graphics in the application process and issuance of electronic certificates will later be used as a tool for giving information that is made attractively and will be shown to officials who apply for electronic certificates so that they can better understand the issuance of electronic certificates. Making motion graphics using the Luther Sutopo method and the Epic Model is used to analyze the effectiveness of information media. The results obtained from the research are in the form of Motion Graphics with a duration of 2 minutes 27 seconds.

Aspek Hukum Sertipikat Elektronik Dalam Sistem Pendaftaran Tanah Di Indonesia

Land is a natural resource that is very important for human life, both directly and indirectly, directly such as being used as a place to live, to grow crops, to as an investment business. The importance of the function of the role of land requires strict regulations governing land use in order to avoid things that deviate. Land certificates are also required as proof of land ownership. Current technological developments make it easier for humans in all their activities, in the land sector now land certificates have undergone a change from what were originally in the form of physical documents to now electronic ones. This study discusses the legal aspects of electronic certificates in the land registration system in Indonesia. The method used is the normative juridical method, namely library law research which is carried out by examining library materials or mere secondary data. The results of the study show that Electronic Land Certificates are certificates issued in the form of electronic documents using an electronic system. The legal policy of mandatory electronic land certificates Land Registration in Indonesia is a regulation issued by the Ministry of ATR/Ka.BPN to improve services in the land sector in order to provide legal certainty and legal protection for owners.

Guarantee of Protection of Electronic Land Certificates as Proof of Ownership of Land Rights

Changes in information technology have an impact on the public service system, especially in the land sector which is experiencing a transition from Analog Certificates to Electronic Certificates which raises several challenges, one of which is in the field of law, in practice the power of law because electronic information and transactions cannot be used as evidence, but must meet certain requirements. The purpose of this research is to find out and analyze the legal force of Electronic Land Certificates and to find out the efforts made by the government to protect the Electronic Land Certificate system. The research method used is the Normative Juridical Approach. The results of this study are the legal protection of electronic certificates in proving that they have a position as legal electronic evidence have been recognized in the procedural law system in Indonesia, and have strong legal force. Electronic Land Certificates require a legal umbrella governing the use of Blockchain technology contained in the ITE Law to be delegated to an implementing regulation. This study concludes that Electronic Certificates have the same legal force as Analog Certificates. As an effort to support the use of Electronic Certificates, the government's role is needed in formulating laws that regulate the substance of the use of technology in electronic certificate database storage systems.

PROBLEMS ARISE IN CHECKING THE CERTIFICATE ELECTRONICALLY IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSITIONING LAND RIGHTS AND SOLUTIONS

Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Head of the National Land Agency Number 16 of 2021 Third Amendment to the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Head of the National Land Agency Number 3 of 1997 concerning Provisions for Implementing Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration which requires checking certificates carried out entirely by electronic means by the Land Deed Making Officer (PPAT) but in practice, there are still many obstacles that must be faced by PPAT for the electronic certificate checking. This paper aims to describe various problems with electronic certificate checking by PPAT as well as solutions to all problems that occur in providing legal land guarantees and certainty and information disclosure in the community. The method used in this research is normative research using secondary data in the form of primary legal material in the form of legislation. The technique used in legal materials collection is a literature review or documentation using legal material analysis techniques as well as the deductive method. The results of this study put forward the problems that occur in checking electronic certificates, among others, physical certificates received by PPAT for checking cannot be ascertained whether or not valid, there is a discrepancy of data on the certificate checking results, the certificate data are not suitable for the land book data in the office of the National Land Agency (BPN), causing doubts and obstructing the transferring process of rights. The results of this study also offer a number of solutions that can be considered, among others: PPAT must carefully ensure the suitability of the existing data on the physical certificate or the data of results of electronic certificate checking, BPN is actively updating database system that adheres to the principle of liability, and it is expected that the BPN can minimize the error in recording juridical and physical data in the future. In the end, checking the certificate is a very effective step against the prevention of land disputes in the process of land transition and also reduces cases of land mafia in Indonesia. This will also be realized if supported by all parties both from PPAT, the community and BPN. The role of BPN is very necessary for this step, especially in the rule of the letters archived in BPN synchronized correctly when checking the certificate electronically.