Electronic Braking System Research Articles

A Modeling and Control Algorithm for a Commercial Vehicle Electronic Brake System Based on Vertical Load Estimation

In the electronic brake system (EBS) of commercial vehicles, due to the compressibility of gas, it is difficult to achieve accurate control in the pneumatic pipeline. To address this issue, a vertical load estimator based on unscented particle filtering (UPF) was designed, which can estimate vertical load during the running of the vehicle. Then, the EBS dynamics model was established based on software, including a brake signal sensor, single-channel bridge control module, ABS solenoid valve, and dual-channel bridge control module. Finally, based on the characteristics of the EBS valve, the control algorithm of the valve was studied, and the algorithm was tested using a hardware-in-the-loop experiment. The experiment results showed that the designed algorithm could improve braking performance.

A Pneumatic Control Method for Commercial Vehicle Electronic Brake System Based on EPV Module

The traditional electronic braking system (EBS) of a commercial vehicle has the problems of sluggish pressure response, large dynamic error and unsatisfactory braking effect during braking. First, a novel EBS system based on electronic pneumatic valves (EPV) module is designed, which integrated the control of each pneumatic valve. Secondly, the hardware of the EBS bottom controller and the air pressure closed-loop control are carried out. A kind of similar to PWM (SPWM) air pressure control method is proposed. By controlling the opening and closing time of the solenoid valves, the brake air pressure could be precisely regulated, and the dynamic response characteristics of the system are improved. Eventually, commercial vehicle air brake hardware in the loop (HIL) test platform based on LabVIEW and NI-PXI system is built to verify the effectiveness of the EBS dynamic response characteristics. The experimental results showed that the continuous control of EBS solenoid valves is realized by using the SPWM control method, and the fine dynamic response characteristics of EBS air pressure closed-loop control are ensured.

Hill-Start of Distributed Drive Electric Vehicle Based on Pneumatic Electronic Parking Brake System

The hill-start assist system (HAS) ensures that the vehicle starting on the ramp will not roll backwards, which improves the convenience of the driving in the case of starting on the ramp and parking. However, the traditional hill-start method is not suitable for distributed driving electric vehicles under some circumstances. Therefore, based on the pneumatic electronic parking brake system (EPB), a hill-start control method suitable for distributed driving electric vehicles is proposed in this paper, so as to realize the vehicle’s fast and stable starting on the ramp. Firstly, by analyzing the change of the force of the vehicle during the starting of the ramp, a dynamic allocation strategy based on the front and rear axle loads is adopted in terms of demand torque. Secondly, according to the force analysis of the vehicle on the ramp, the control target of hill-start is determined, and the logic threshold control method is used to make the actual pressure change with the ideal pressure in real time. Then, a driving torque correction controller based on the sliding mode algorithm is designed to prevent driving wheels from slipping on bad roads, resulting in a reduction in the total driving force and a rollback of the vehicle. Finally, to verify its feasibility, Matlab, Trucksim and AMEsim were used to establish the controller model, the vehicle model and the pneumatic EPB system model for co-simulation verification. The simulation results show that the proposed control strategy can prevent the vehicle from slipping under different road conditions with less brake wear.

Braking intention recognition algorithm based on electronic braking system in commercial vehicles

The aim of this research is to investigate the braking intention identification method adaptive to the electronic braking system (EBS) in commercial vehicles. Based on the neural network, a braking intention identification model is established which takes both emergency braking and general braking into account. Then, considering the complex transportation environment, a multi-condition identification model with respect to four typical braking conditions is developed using the fuzzy logic. The experimental results of the two models demonstrate that the proposed strategy can make good use of driver braking intention. The proposed method provides theoretical guidelines on driver behaviour adaptation on the longitudinal active safety system, which promotes vehicle safety and braking performance.

Braking intention recognition algorithm based on electronic braking system in commercial vehicles

Braking intention recognition algorithm based on electronic braking system in commercial vehicles

Composition and Application of Aircraft Towing Tractor Automatic Control System

The airports construction level is improved and the construction scale is constantly expanded with the rapid development of society, economy and science and technology, which brings a good development prospect for aircraft towing tractors. On the basis of summarizing the current research and application of aircraft towing tractors, the traction characteristics of towbar and towbarless aircraft tractors were analyzed, and the mechanical, electric, hydrodynamic and hydraulic transmission automatic control system were compared. The composition, working principle and application of hydraulic steering control system, hydraulic braking control system, hydraulic clamping and lifting mechanism and hydraulic hybrid power system of aircraft towing tractors were emphatically discussed. The results show that the configuration of towbarless traction is flexible and the traction capability is strong. Hydraulically controlled aircraft towing tractor has good traction, braking and control characteristics. Electronic hydraulic braking system is precisely controllable, and the hydraulic hybrid technology is beneficial to reduce the energy consumption of aircraft towing tractors. The demand for aircraft towing tractors is increasing with the expansion of the airport distribution and construction, on the basis of constantly improving the existing aircraft towing tractor and according to the needs of airport operation, it is necessary to adopt innovative technology to develop energy-saving, environment-friendly and intelligent aircraft towing tractors, so as to adapt the development needs of aviation industry.

Development of a Controller for the Contactless Electronic Auxiliary Brake System

Development of a Controller for the Contactless Electronic Auxiliary Brake System

Novel electronic braking system design for EVS based on constrained nonlinear hierarchical control

Both environment protection and energy saving have attracted more and more attention in the electric vehicles (EVs) field. In fact, regarding control performance, electric motor has more advantages over conventional internal combustion engine. To decouple the interaction force between vehicle and various coordinating and integrating active control subsystems and estimate the real-time friction force for Advanced Emergency Braking System (AEBS), this paper’s primary intention is uniform distribution of longitudinal tire-road friction force and control strategy for a Novel Anti-lock Braking System (Nov- ABS) which is designed to estimate and track not only any tire-road friction force, but the maximum tire-road friction force, based on the Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS). The longitudinal tire-road friction force is computed through real-time measurement of breaking force and angular acceleration of wheels. The Magic Formula Tire Model can be expressed by the reference model. The evolution of the tire-road friction is described by the constrained active-set SQP algorithm with regard to wheel slip, and as a result, it is feasible to identify the key parameters of the Magic Formula Tire Model. Accordingly, Inverse Quadratic Interpolation method is a proper way to estimate the desired wheel slip in regards to the reference of tireroad friction force from the top layer. Then, this paper adapts the Nonlinear Sliding Mode Control method to construct proposed Nov-ABS. According to the simulation results, the objective control strategy turns out to be feasible and satisfactory.

A survey of language-based approaches to Cyber-Physical and embedded system development

As computers continue to advance, they are becoming more capable of sensing, interacting, and communicating with the physical and cyber world. Medical devices, electronic braking systems in automotive applications, and industrial control systems are examples of the many Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) that utilize these computing capabilities. Given the potential consequences of software related failures in such systems, a high degree of safety, security, and reliability is often required. Programming languages are important tools used by programmers to develop CPS. They provide a programmer with the ability to transform designs into machine code. Of equal importance is their ability to detect and avoid programming mistakes. The development of CPS has predominantly been accomplished using the C programming language. Although C is a powerful language, it lacks features present in other languages that facilitate the development of reliable systems. This has prompted research into language-based alternatives for improving program quality through the use of programming languages. This paper presents an overview of the characteristics of embedded and cyber-physical systems and the associated requirements imposed on programming languages. This is followed by a survey of relevant research into language-based methods for creating safe, reliable, and robust software for CPS.

Hardware Design of Electronic Parking Brake System

Based on the Free scale S12 processor as the main MCU, the article have designed the hardware circuit of the electronic parking brake system control unit, and on the basis I have made the rational analysis of the control of the total the electronic parking brake system. The analysis and experiment results show that the design can realize the basic function of EPB, to a great extent, it also improve the reliability of the system, fault self-checking ability and delayed its working life and just right to satisfy the most basic and most critical requirements of the system: As part of the braking system, it should have the reliability and security.

Identification of Vehicle Mass and Braking Force Distribution Algorithm for Electronic Braking System of Heavy-Duty Vehicle

Identification of Vehicle Mass and Braking Force Distribution Algorithm for Electronic Braking System of Heavy-Duty Vehicle

A Novel Vehicle Speed Control Based on Driver’s Vigilance Detection Using EEG and Sparse Representation

Drowsy driving is deemed to be an important factor in many traffic accidents. Current vigilance detection systems are usually based on the expression of the driver recorded in video. These existing systems can only warning the driver when they are in fatigue and video-based analysis can’t detect the driver’s Pseudo-fatigue. In this paper, we propose a novel vehicle speed control based on driver’s vigilance detection using electroencephalographic (EEG) and Sparse representation. The proposed system consists of the vigilance detection module and the vehicle speed control module. In vigilance detection module, preprocessing and sparse representation classification (SRC), the classification of driver’s vigilance, are implemented in EEG to get the vigilance degree of driver. In vehicle speed control module, the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) control the electronic throttle and Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) so as to make vehicle speed keeping at the original level or down to zero according to the signal of vigilance degree. The last performance evaluation demonstrates the validity of the proposed vehicle speed control based on driver’s vigilance.

Fault Detection and Estimation for Electromechanical Brake Systems Using Parity Space Approach

In future, existing hydraulic braking systems will be replaced by electronic braking systems called brake-by-wire (BBW). The BBW units such as electromechanical brake (EMB) are lighter than hydraulic brakes and relatively faster in response. However, the most important issue for adopting BBW units to vehicle is the reliability of their performance. Partial or complete failure of the BBW units can cause not only dangerous situations but also liability for damages. In this study, a sensor fault diagnosis method is proposed by combining parity space and observer design approaches for EMB sensors; current sensor and position (or speed) sensor. The residual generator is constructed to detect sensor faults and fault sizes are estimated using the generated residual information. The EMB model as well as the proposed fault detection and estimation methods is verified in the EMB hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) test bench.

A Novel Vehicle Reversing Speed Control Based on Obstacle Detection

Rencently, due to the increasing vehicles and traffic accidents, the demand of vehcile automation is growing fast, and the traditional vehicle control strategy cant meet the requirement of security. In this paper, we propose a novel vehicle reversing speed control based on obstacle detection. The main components of the system consist of three parts. Firstly, a binocular-cameras system aims to detect the obstacles behind the vehicle rear and measure the distance of them. Then, the framework of particle filter and the sparse representation is indtroduced to track and identify the main obstacles such as human beings, vehicles and any other obstacles. Finally, we send the obstacles signal to our Electronic Control Unit (ECU) to control the electronic throttle and Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) so as to make reversing speed under a safe speed range.The last performance evaluation demonstrates the validity of the proposed vehicle reversing speed control based on obstacle detection.

A Novel Control Algorithm of Electronic Braking System for Trucks

Electronic Braking System (EBS) can improve the braking performance of trucks significantly. A novel control algorithm for EBS has been proposed in this paper, which consists of Driving Identification Module and Braking Force Distribution Module. Driving Identification Module can recognize the non-emergency braking situation according to the signal of the electronic braking pedal. Braking Force Distribution Module regulates the braking force on front and rear axle by comparing the slip-ratios on every axle. As a result, the optimum braking pressure on different axles can enhance the safety and balance the brake wear. The performance of the control algorithm has been simulated utilizing 15-DOF vehicle dynamic model. The results show that the control algorithm can provide a good braking feeling and the braking performance of the vehicle is perfect.

Development of a Controller for the Contactless Electronic Auxiliary Brake System

Development of a Controller for the Contactless Electronic Auxiliary Brake System

Fuzzy Control of Automobile ECBS on Varying Pavement

The Fuzzy control method in an automobile Electronic Control Braking System (ECBS) on varying pavement is studied. According to the characteristics of an automobile ECBS which adapts to the varying pavement, the ECBS fuzzy control system is established. The ECBS fuzzy controller based on slip is designed. When the automobile is braking on uniform pavement and varying pavement, the computer simulation is fulfilled for the deceleration threshold value control and the slip fuzzy control of the automobile ECBS by using MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that the automobile ECBS using fuzzy control can obtain better fundamental braking performance on varying pavement, wheel locking doesn’t appear, both braking distance and braking time are short, the fluctuation of the wheel periphery velocity is little and smooth, its braking performance is obviously better than the deceleration threshold value control.

Switched reluctance motor based electromechanical brake-by-wire system

This article presents an overview of electronic braking systems using SR (Switched Reluctance) machines. The advantages presented by this structure when compared to the conventional hydraulic systems are discussed. A justification for the choice of the SRM as a valid candidate is provided, with a detailed analysis of its control structure and performance. Experimental results obtained using a digital signal processor are also presented.

Development of a FTA versus Parts Count Method Model: Comparative FTA

AbstractThis study adopts a special Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method called Comparative FTA to compare the reliability of an electronic braking system with its mechanical counterpart. To this end two Top Events, ‘Ineffective parking braking’ and ‘Wheels jamming during emergency braking’, were analysed. One of the limitations of classic FTA is that the setting up of the tree diagram requires the long‐term involvement—one to two months according to Fiat Auto—of specialists of the system being studied. For this reason, therefore, when dealing with relatively complex systems, classic FTA is only used when safety is involved. This paper introduces a simplified FTA model based on the same principle as the Parts Count Method, which limits its attention to the new branches, thereby avoiding the study of all the branches of the tree, in order to make FTA management easier and to encourage its use. The probability that a Top Event takes place is therefore evaluated by studying the different causes which diversify the solutions considered. This approach is a lean practice to minimize the resources and the time of the analysis. It has guaranteed very satisfactory results and, therefore, Fiat Auto has introduced the practice in their Corporate Instructions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Roll-Over Prevention System for Commercial Vehicles – Additional Sensorless Function of the Electronic Brake System

Recent experiences have shown that even small-medium size passenger cars face an accident which has been connected with commercial vehicles so far: the roll-over. The roll-over is the most horrible accident type for truck drivers, since he/she does not have any indication before it happens, and consequently does not react properly. This article discusses some of the problems of the commercial vehicle stability in general, and offers a solution for detecting and avoiding roll-over by using the existing sensors and actuators of electronic brake system (EBS).