Electronic Access Research Articles

Editorial Revista Ciencias Administrativas N° 15

Presentamos el Número 15 de la Revista Ciencias Administrativas correspondiente al período enero- junio 2020. Está conformado por seis artículos científicos y tres ensayos de autores provenientes de Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador y México, y en él se abordan temáticas relacionadas a la gestión de organizaciones de los sectores empresario y público.
 Los artículos científicos de esta edición son: “Gobierno electrónico y accesibilidad: Disponibilidad de servicio en las plataformas online estatales de la Argentina”; “Si quiere que su jefe lo aprecie…¡sonríale!”; “Responsabilidad social empresaria y construcción de su significado. Estudio de Caso”; “Asignación de probabilidades y acción colectiva como estrategia ganadora en la lotería de cupones”; “La competitividad en mipymes dirigidas por mujeres en la ciudad de México”; “¿Concentración sin poder del mercado? Un caso de estudio aplicado al sector fabricación de colchones en el Ecuador”.
 Los tres ensayos que completan la edición son: “Una revisión de los acuerdos y discrepancias de la teoría de las contingencias y la teoría de la ecología poblacional”; “Gestión y evaluación de la sustentabilidad organizacional” y “Análisis de la actividad comercial para la sostenibilidad en los negocios del Cantón Sucre”.
 Agradecemos especialmente a los autores, a los pares revisores y a los miembros del equipo editorial por su labor, ya que todos contribuyen a la calidad de nuestro trabajo, y esperamos que este nuevo número sea de utilidad para nuestros lectores. 
 El Comité Ejecutivo

Comparing Student Learning From and Perceptions of Open and Commercial Textbook Excerpts: A Randomized Experiment

Open textbooks, which provide students with electronic access to texts without fees, have been developed as alternatives to commercial textbooks. Building on prior quasi-experiments, the purpose of this study is to experimentally compare an open and commercial textbook. College students (N = 144) were randomly assigned to read from an open or commercial textbook, answer questions about content, and indicate their perceptions of textbook quality. Learning was similar between textbook types. Perceptions differed in that the discussion of research findings was reported as higher quality in the open textbook while the visuals and writing were reported as higher quality in the commercial textbook. Neither perceptions of research findings nor visuals correlated with learning performance. However, perceptions of writing quality and everyday examples were correlated with learning performance. Findings may inform initiatives for open textbook adoption as well as textbook development.

Helping clinicians and patients navigate electronic patient portals: ethical and legal principles.

KEY POINTS Patient portals are technological innovations that allow patients electronic access to their personal health information. They have the potential to transform the delivery of health care. Patients have long had the ability to request their own medical record, usually through an onerous

Developing and sustaining digital professionalism: a model for assessing readiness of healthcare environments and capability of nurses

IntroductionTechnological change in healthcare demands new ways of working. Access to, and use of, digital technology by nurses in Australia lags behind other professions. Governance frameworks and professional standards guide...

Sleight is right: Cyber control as a new battleground for African elections

Abstract Sleight of hand in manipulating the computation of results has become the new might for deciding who wins presidential elections. It appears that whoever controls the computation exercises a right to take advantage and win, and whoever loses or relinquishes control of the computation loses the election. As incumbents do not want to be identified with direct interference or rigging, hacking has become an alternative means. This raises a serious challenge for election management bodies (EMBs) and a new frontier for international observation. As electronic data management has become a key battleground, international observers cannot restrict their monitoring to the manual process alone. However, individual states may have data sensitivity concerns about granting electronic monitoring access to partisan international observers. Institutionalizing internationally agreed protocols that would allow real-time monitoring of EMBs’ computer systems by international observers or forensic audits of any stage of the electoral process to investigate interference, manipulation, hacking, and counter claims, is now a necessity. At the same time, the extent to which international monitors can be trusted to be non-partisan is of equal importance and could reduce forum shopping over time.

Energetic electron dynamics near Callisto

We examine the dynamics of energetic magnetospheric electrons exposed to the highly perturbed and asymmetric plasma environment of Jupiter’s moon Callisto. The interaction of the (nearly) corotating magnetospheric plasma with Callisto’s ionosphere and induced dipole locally generates intense electromagnetic pileup and draping signatures which vary as a function of the moon’s distance to the center of Jupiter’s magnetospheric current sheet. In our study, these field perturbations are represented using output from the AIKEF hybrid (kinetic ions, fluid electrons) model of Callisto’s interaction with the corotating plasma. In order to constrain the influence of Callisto’s variable electromagnetic environment on the dynamics of energetic electrons, we trace the trajectories of more than 6.7 million test particles as they travel through a distinct configuration of the locally perturbed fields. We present spatially resolved maps that display the accessibility of Callisto to electrons at energies E between 101 keV ≤E≤105 keV for multiple sets of these perturbed fields, corresponding to select distances of the moon to the center of the Jovian current sheet. The electromagnetic field perturbations near Callisto play a crucial role in generating inhomogeneous precipitation of energetic electrons onto the top of the moon’s atmosphere. In particular, Callisto’s Jupiter-facing and Jupiter-averted hemispheres are partially protected from energetic electron precipitation: when located far above or below the center of Jupiter’s current sheet, Callisto’s induced dipole shields the apices of these hemispheres, whereas near the center of the sheet, strong field line draping protects these regions. In contrast to this, the apex of Callisto’s trailing hemisphere is exposed to intense energetic electron precipitation at any distance to the center of the Jovian current sheet. We also present maps of energetic electron accessibility during the Galileo C3, C9, and C10 flybys, and calculate the intensity of energetic electron flux onto multiple locations at the top of Callisto’s atmosphere. These non-uniform electron fluxes likely cause inhomogeneous ionization of Callisto’s atmosphere and may even contribute to irregular erosion of the surface. This paper is a companion to Liuzzo et al. (2019), who studied the dynamics of energetic ions near Callisto.

Electronic health record use-diffusion patterns and eSharing of health information among US office-based physician practices

BackgroundThe use of some computerized capabilities (CCs) that support eligibility for meaningful use incentive has lagged despite an increase in Electronic Health Record adoption. PurposeThis study described the use-pattern of CC among office-based physician practices by applying the Use-Diffusion model (UD); to identify CCs that support the Stage 1 core objectives for meaningful use, and to predict their effect on eSharing of health information. MethodsData from the United States 2013 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey was used, and four use-patterns based on the variety and frequency of CC use were identified. Logistic regression was used to assess factors related to the use of a low variety of CC, and factors predictive of eSharing of health information. ResultsThe unweighted sample of 2444 physician practices reported at least one computerized capability. The unweighted proportion of each UD group was 53%, 20%, 15% and 12% representing the intense, non-specialized, specialized, and limited groups respectively. Only 5.3% in the specialized and 8.9% in the limited UD groups reported the ability to provide electronic access to patients in 2013. Provision of email/internet patient consult and having an increasing number of CCs were predictive of eSharing of health information. ConclusionsThe use-diffusion model can describe office-based physician practices’ use-pattern of EHR capabilities, and the characteristics that differentiate the groups. Solo and specialty practices may lag in their readiness to meet the Stage 1 meaningful use objectives, both in the variety of capabilities and the frequency of use to qualify for incentive payments.

Regulated Markets. Trading Venues.

In publication 2020-21,01 we dealt mainly with regulated markets with a look at the historical evolution over the last 30 years of the legislative framework that involved services and organizations. The introduction of legislative provisions aimed at harmonizing the regulation of markets, venues for the negotiation of financial instruments, at European level takes place with Directive 93/22/EEC with which the European Commission issues the first complete definition of regulated markets; the same definition refers to the directive 79/297/CEE for the conditions of admission to the quotation and to the directive 83/349/CEE for the control, relative to the consolidated accounts. A previous and less complete definition is issued with the directive 89/592/CEE which concerns the protection of regulated markets at a community level. We have been interested in the evolution of the dynamics concerning the market abuses that in a first phase have concerned the Community legislation regarding the abuse of insider trading (privileged information), subsequently, 14 years later, extended common legislative provisions are introduced for the protection of the market in consideration of the same evolution, provisions that consider market abuse to include not only abuse of privileged information but also market manipulation. We carried out a study of the MiFID II directive (Market in Financial Instruments Directive), the 2014/65/EU directive and related updates with reference to the regulated markets which must be applied together with the MiFIR regulation (Markets in financial instruments regulation), the Regulation (EU) 600/2014, which is also the subject of our studies. We are interested in the requirements applicable to regulated markets, negotiation and transparency, the obligation to negotiate OTC derivatives subject to the clearing obligation established by the EMIR regulation and belonging to a category for which ESMA has declared the obligation to negotiation. Interesting observations regarding services were possible with this study: the similarity between the financial services required for payment transactions with electronic money, excluding the exceptions sanctioned by the PSD2 directive, with the services necessary for the operations of investment, considered the exceptions sanctioned by the MiFID II directive; for example for an IDP it is possible to have direct access to the trading venues (negotiation code) by possessing the infrastructure and connections that allows it to operate as a participant or member in application of Article 53 paragraph 3, alternatively can invest through an investment company (that provides an electronic direct access and that includes infrastructure and connections or sponsored access, without infrastructure and connections). We took a look at payment systems both with systemic relevance and without, with particular interest in payment and securities settlement systems regulated at EU level through directive 98/26/EC as amended by directive 2009/44/EC; we are interested in the financial guarantee contracts and therefore in the directive 2002/47/CE as well as the common provisions for the comparability and transfer of the payment account with particular attention to the provisions issued by the directive 2014/92/EU for access to the accounts of payment with basic characteristics that for Italy in implementation of the decree-law adopting the directive, number 37 of 15 March 2017, they have also been extended to the payment institution and electronic money as well as to credit institutions.

Energy-Dispersive X-ray Diffraction: Operando Visualization of Electrochemical Activity of Thick Electrodes

Effective utilization of the electroactive material in thick electrodes could enable Li-based batteries to be developed with higher energy densities while simultaneously reducing the overall cost of the battery. Herein, we explore the lithiation of a multiple electron transfer conversion material, Fe3O4, and report tomographic-like mapping of the electroactive material utilization under operando electrochemical lithiation using energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. A challenge for thick electrodes is limited Li+ diffusion resulting in an inability to fully access the active material. Our strategy to surmount this obstacle is the deliberate incorporation of acicular carbon nanotubes to the electrode where the design maximized the electron and ion access to the Fe3O4 active material within a thick electrode (∼500 μm). Based on whole pattern fitting of the diffraction data, the phase composition was determined with both spatial and temporal resolutions. The data allow identification of the electrochemical conversion products, Li2O and Fe metal, where interestingly, the Li2O crystallites increase in size after initial formation. The observation of increased crystallite size of Li2O after initial formation provides new insight into the time-dependent phenomena of conversion-type active materials and their reversibility. This investigation contributes to our understanding of Li+ transport in thick electrodes and provides insight into the design of battery electrodes that facilitate electroactive material utilization of energy storage systems crucial for the development of next-generation batteries.

Electronic Communication of the Health Record and Information With Pediatric Patients and Their Guardians.

Communication of health data has evolved rapidly with the widespread adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) and communication technology. What used to be sent to patients via paper mail, fax, or e-mail may now be accessed by patients via their EHRs, and patients may also communicate securely with their medical team via certified technology. Although EHR technologies have great potential, their most effective applications and uses for communication between pediatric and adolescent patients, guardians, and medical teams has not been realized. There are wide variations in available technologies, guiding policies, and practices; some physicians and patients are successful in using certified tools but others are forced to limit their patients' access to e-health data and associated communication altogether. In general, pediatric and adolescent patients are less likely than adult patients to have electronic access and the ability to exchange health data. There are several reasons for these limitations, including inconsistent standards and recommendations regarding the recommended age for independent access, lack of routine EHR support for the ability to filter or proxy such access, and conflicting laws about patients' and physicians' rights to access EHRs and ability to communicate electronically. Effective, safe electronic exchange of health data requires active collaboration between physicians, patients, policy makers, and health information technology vendors. This policy statement addresses current best practices for these stakeholders and delineates the continued gaps and how to address them.

OPEN ACCESS TO SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION AS A FORM OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND COMMUNICATION

The article analyzes the issue of open access to scientific information, which is currently being discussed in national and foreign studies (V. Bykov, N. Veretennikova, L. Holovko, S. Ivanova, N. Kunanets, L. Luparenko, O. Novitsky, O. Spirin, T. Yaroshenko, A. Yatsyshyn, D. Salo, L. Thomas, F. Manista, et al.). The relevance of the issue is associated with the massive publication of scientific research results in the network, the creation of electronic scientific repositories, and building a specific informational scientific environment. Interpretations of the concepts “open access”, “open educational resources” (OER), “open knowledge”, “electronic open access journal systems” are given. The advantages of using open access to scientific information, features of the “green” and “golden” ways are determined, as well as the electronic platforms that host Ukrainian scientific open access e-journals are analyzed, which constitute the purpose of the article. It is emphasized that the key factors in the emergence of the movement to open access are intensive informatization of society, the emergence and rapid spread of the Internet, as well as the relatively high and ever-increasing price of a subscription to scientific journals. As a result, at the beginning of the 21st century, several international documents appeared, they declared free online access to scientific literature and introduced the concept of open access. Examples of information projects and portals that provide open access to Ukrainian scientific sources: “Scientific periodicals of Ukraine at OJS”, “Science of Ukraine: Access to Knowledge” are given. It is noted that the legal framework for open access is provided by Creative Commons licenses. Examples of open electronic journaling systems used in national scientific institutions are given: Open Journal System (OJS), Joomla! The conclusions prove that awareness of the policy of open access to scientific information and the study of the work principles of the open access scientific electronic publications are important parts of the scientific activity of higher education institution teachers, employees of scientific institutions, doctoral students, and post-graduate students.

The Current State of Teleradiology Across the United States: A National Survey of Radiologists’ Habits, Attitudes, and Perceptions on Teleradiology Practice

PurposeTo explore the current state of teleradiology practice, defined as the interpretation of imaging examinations at a different facility from where the examination was performed. MethodsA national survey addressing radiologists’ habits, attitudes, and perceptions regarding teleradiology was distributed by e-mail to a random sample of ACR members in early 2019. ResultsAmong 731 of 936 respondents who indicated a non-teleradiologist primary work setting, 85.6% reported performing teleradiology within the past 10 years and 25.4% reported that teleradiology represents a majority of their annual imaging volumes; 84.4% performed teleradiology for internal examinations and 45.7% for external examinations; 46.2% performed teleradiology for rural areas and 37.2% for critical access hospitals; 91.3% performed teleradiology during weekday normal business hours and 44.5% to 79.6% over evening, overnight, and weekend hours. In all, 76.9% to 86.2% perceived value from teleradiology for geographic, after-hours, and multispecialty coverage, as well as reduced interpretation turnaround times. The most common challenges for teleradiology were electronic health record access (62.8%), quality assurance (53.8%), and technologist proximity (48.4%). The strategy most commonly considered useful for improving teleradiology was technical interpretation standards (33.3%). Radiologists in smaller practices were less likely to perform teleradiology or performed teleradiology for lower fractions of work, were less likely to experience coverage advantages of teleradiology, and reported larger implementation challenges, particularly relating to electronic health records and prior examination access. ConclusionDespite historic concerns, teleradiology is widespread throughout modern radiology practice, helping practices achieve geographic, after-hours, and multispecialty coverage; reducing turnaround times; and expanding underserved access. Nonetheless, quality assurance of offsite examinations remains necessary. IT integration solutions could help smaller practices achieve teleradiology’s benefits.

Development of a software for intraoperatory nursing assistance.

to develop a software that allows the nurse of the surgical center to plan intraoperative nursing care through electronic access to the work routines of his/her team. the methodological course was carried out according to systems development theory, which guides five basic activities: communication, planning, modeling, developing and delivery of the product. the activities and functions of the software were arranged in five modules, containing information regarding the inputs and the step-by-step involving the assembly, circulation and disassembly of the operating room to perform the various anesthetic and surgical procedures. The developed software will allow the surgical center's nursing team to access its intraoperative routines in a fast and systematic way, since this allowed to concentrate all the routines of assembly, circulation and disassembly of operating room in a safe space and accessible.

Physical Orphaning versus Chemical Instability: Is Dendritic Electrodeposition of Li Fatal?

The dendritic electrodeposition of lithium, leading to physical orphaning and chemical instability, is considered responsible for the poor reversibility and premature failure of electrochemical cells that utilize Li metal anodes. Herein we critically assess the roles of physical orphaning and chemical instability of electrodeposited Li on electrode reversibility using planar and nonplanar electrode architectures. The nonplanar electrodes allow the morphology of electrodeposited Li to be interrogated in detail and in the absence of complications associated with cell stacking pressure. We find that physical orphaning is a key determinant of the poor reversibility of Li. We report further that fiber-like, dendritic electrodeposition is an intrinsic characteristic of Li, irrespective of the electrolyte solvent chemistry. With guaranteed electronic access to prevent physical loss, we finally show that a Li metal electrode exhibits high levels of reversibility (99.4% CE), even when the metal electrodeposits are in obvious, dendritic morphologies. We take advantage of these findings to create high-loading (7−8 mAh/cm2) Li||LFP full cells with a nearly unity N:P ratio and demonstrate that these cells exhibit good reversibility.

Electronic Resources Access Pattern in Engineering College Libraries: An Analytical Study at Vellore District, Tamil Nadu

This study conducted to find out the electronic information/resources access and seeking behavior of engineering college students in Vellore district. Objective- of the paper is to identify the availability of e-resources, awareness, usage level, level of satisfaction and barriers during access of the students. Methodology-a systematic questionnaire designed and distributed among the Engineering College library users. After data collection analysis of the study done. Findings – It is observed from the data analysis most of the UG Students are using Google as their search engine and they prefer DELNET also on the other hand PG students and faculty prefer all subscribed resources for their teaching and learning. There is a less awareness about the commercial resources among the students. Suggestions were given to improve the infrastructure and need orientation programme for all category of users.

Open Access Medical Journals: Promise, Perils, and Pitfalls.

The number of both print and electronic open access (OA) journals has increased dramatically. Although electronic availability of information on the Internet may offer greater potential for information sharing, it also gives rise to "predatory" journals and deceptive publishers. In this Invited Commentary, the authors describe both the opportunities and potential perils that come with OA publications.Definitions for four models of legitimate OA are provided: the gold model, the green model, the platinum model, and the hybrid model. Benefits and risks of each model are discussed. The authors also distinguish between legitimate OA journals and predatory journals, highlighting several existing tools and resources for distinguishing between the two.Finally, the authors provide a checklist to help authors evaluate the policies and processes of journals and thereby avoid predatory publications.

The Electronic Judicial Notice: Between Legalization and Technology

The judicial notice is unquestionably important, and flawed execution undermines the procedural action and negates its legal effects. In this regard, the means used to deliver the judicial notice to the addressee, its speed, and its appropriateness for the context are as important as the notice itself. Traditional notification methods have become inefficient, both in terms of the simplification of procedures and in saving effort, time, and expenditure. This reveals the importance of this research: it aims primarily to activate the use of the electronic judicial notice and access to a mechanism that harmonizes modernity and technological development while maintaining the guarantees inherent in and the validity ofthe proceedings.

The Electronic Judicial Notice: Between Legalization and Technology

The judicial notice is unquestionably important, and flawed execution undermines the procedural action and negates its legal effects. In this regard, the means used to deliver the judicial notice to the addressee, its speed, and its appropriateness for the context are as important as the notice itself. Traditional notification methods have become inefficient, both in terms of the simplification of procedures and in saving effort, time, and expenditure. This reveals the importance of this research: it aims primarily to activate the use of the electronic judicial notice and access to a mechanism that harmonizes modernity and technological development while maintaining the guarantees inherent in and the validity ofthe proceedings.

Understanding of and Barriers to Electronic Health Record Patient Portal Access in a Culturally Diverse Pediatric Population.

BackgroundElectronic health records (EHRs) have become a standard in the health care setting. In an effort to improve health literacy, foster doctor-patient communication, and ease the transition from adolescent to adult care, our institution created a policy that allows patients aged between 13 and 17 years to have EHR portal access. A literature review revealed predictable differences in portal registration among different ethnicities and socioeconomic statuses. Consequently, a cross-sectional survey was developed to investigate barriers to EHR portal access in a sample of culturally diverse adolescents.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess for barriers to EHR portal access in a culturally diverse adolescent population.MethodsA 42-item anonymous survey was completed by 97 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years, attending general pediatrics clinics. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t tests.ResultsThe average participant age was 15.5 (SD 1.5) years with 60% (58/97) male and 40% (39/97) female. Participants were 44% (43/97) black, 41% (40/97) Hispanic, 9% (9/97) Caucasian, 3% (3/97) Asian, and 2% (2/97) others. There were statistically significant differences in perceptions of confidentiality in age (13 to 15 years vs 16 to 18 years; P=.001) and insurance status (government vs private; P=.012) but not in gender, ethnicity, or parental education level. Younger adolescents with governmental insurance were more confident in the level of confidentiality with their physician. A total of 94% of participants had heard of the term EHR, but only 55% were familiar with its function. Furthermore, 77% of patients primarily accessed the internet through phones, and 50% of participants knew that patients aged under 18 years could obtain care for mental health, substance abuse, sexual health, and pregnancy.ConclusionsThis research has identified gaps in EHR technology with regard to the pediatric patient population. The results of our survey show that adolescents may have misconceptions regarding the doctor-patient relationship, their ability to obtain care, and the modalities present in an EHR. As technology progresses, it is essential to have a deeper understanding of adolescents’ perceptions of confidentiality, technology, and available resources to design an EHR system that encourages patient education and communication while limiting barriers to care.

Scalability of an IT Intervention to Prevent Pressure Ulcers in Nursing Homes

BackgroundPressure ulcers pose an important quality-of-care challenge in nursing homes, with serious consequences for residents' health. We assessed the scalability of the On-Time Pressure Ulcer Prevention (On-Time) intervention strategy, developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality, in nursing homes nationwide. InterventionOn-Time uses electronic health record reports to identify changes in resident pressure ulcer risk and facilitate multidisciplinary input into clinical decision making. ObjectiveTo assess the scalability and impact of On-Time on pressure ulcer incidence in nursing homes. DesignWe used quasi-experimental methods, employing a difference-in-differences design, to compare the pre-post trends in pressure ulcer incidence in the treatment and comparison homes. Setting and participantsThe study population included long-stay residents at high risk for developing pressure ulcers in 47 nursing homes and matched comparison homes in 17 states. MeasuresStage 2 to 4 pressure ulcer incidence among long-stay residents who met the criteria for high risk, identified using an algorithm adapted from the Minimum Data Set 3.0 Percent of High-Risk Residents with Pressure Ulcers (Long Stay) measure. ResultsThe overall decline in pressure ulcer rates for treatment relative to matched comparison homes was statistically insignificant (P > .05). A subgroup of heterogeneous homes experienced a statistically significant decline of 3.24 percentage points (61.0% relative decrease) in pressure ulcer rates relative to matched comparison homes, but no uniting characteristic common across homes readily explained their success. Conclusions/ImplicationsScalability of future health information technology–based quality improvement interventions in nursing home settings requires nuanced implementation support, particularly around electronic health record report accessibility and accuracy.