Electron-withdrawing Properties Research Articles

Characteristics and Durability of Vertical-Type Organic Light-Emitting Transistors Using Poly(2-methoxy-5-(2- ethyl hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) and Indenofluorenedione Derivatives.

PSS/MEH-PPV/IF-dione-F/AI (gate)/IF-dione-F/Al (source). The characteristics of the vertical organic light emitting transistors were investigated from the measurements of radiancevoltage characteristics and external quantum efficiency. Furthermore, air stability was studied from the measurements of characteristics, impedance spectroscopy and contact angle.

Effect of axial ligands on the photophysical properties of new silicon(IV) phthalocyanines

A series of axial di-substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanines with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing properties were synthesized. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, IR, and ESI-MS. The effect of axial ligands on the photophysical properties of silicon phthalocyanines was studied by UV/Vis, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic analyses. Compared with silicon phthalocyanines with electron-donating properties, silicon phthalocyanines with electron-withdrawing properties could expand the π-conjugation in the dyes, resulting in a redshift of Q bands, lower fluorescence emission intensity and fluorescence quantum yields, but increasing fluorescence lifetimes. These results strongly suggest that the molecular design of phthalocyanines is essential for construction of photoactive materials.

Mechanism of [3+2] cycloaddition of alkynes to the [Mo3 S4 (acac)3 (py)3 ][PF6 ] cluster.

A study, involving kinetic measurements on the stopped-flow and conventional UV/Vis timescales, ESI-MS, NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, has been carried out to understand the mechanism of the reaction of [Mo3 S4 (acac)3 (py)3 ][PF6 ] ([1]PF6 ; acac=acetylacetonate, py=pyridine) with two RCCR alkynes (R=CH2 OH (btd), COOH (adc)) in CH3 CN. Both reactions show polyphasic kinetics, but experimental and computational data indicate that alkyne activation occurs in a single kinetic step through a concerted mechanism similar to that of organic [3+2] cycloaddition reactions, in this case through the interaction with one Mo(μ-S)2 moiety of [1](+) . The rate of this step is three orders of magnitude faster for adc than that for btd, and the products initially formed evolve in subsequent steps into compounds that result from substitution of py ligands or from reorganization to give species with different structures. Activation strain analysis of the [3+2] cycloaddition step reveals that the deformation of the two reactants has a small contribution to the difference in the computed activation barriers, which is mainly associated with the change in the extent of their interaction at the transition-state structures. Subsequent frontier molecular orbital analysis shows that the carboxylic acid substituents on adc stabilize its HOMO and LUMO orbitals with respect to those on btd due to better electron-withdrawing properties. As a result, the frontier molecular orbitals of the cluster and alkyne become closer in energy; this allows a stronger interaction.

Electronic structures of CuI interlayers in organic electronic devices: An interfacial studies of N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine/CuI and tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum/CuI

Electronic structures with the copper iodide (CuI) interlayer in organic electronic devices were measured and its strong electron-withdrawing properties were revealed. In situ ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the interfacial electronic structures of N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (NPB)/CuI/indium–tin-oxide (ITO) and tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq3)/CuI/ITO as a representative hole- and electron-transport material. The large work function of the CuI interlayer induces electron transfer from both molecules and ITO to CuI. As a result, CuI dramatically reduces the hole injection barrier (HIB) from ITO to NPB and Alq3 layers. Notably, CuI assists molecular ordering of the NPB layer, which would increase the intermolecular interaction, so would enhance the charge transport properties. Simultaneous enhancement in HIB and molecular ordering with the CuI interlayer would improve the device performance.

Efficient organic sensitizers with pyridine-N-oxide as an anchor group for dye-sensitized solar cells.

Five organic dyes with pyridine-N-oxide as the anchor group and electron acceptor have been synthesized and applied in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Benzothiadiazole was introduced in the conjugation system to increase the electron withdrawing properties, FTIR spectra showed that the coordination was between the pyridine-N-oxide and the Brønsted acid site on the TiO2 surface. The relationship between different dye structures and the performance of the DSSCs was investigated systematically. The location of the thiophene unit was studied, and the direct linkage of benzothiadiazole with pyridine-N-oxide was beneficial to broaden the absorption. The donor-acceptor-acceptor-configured dye WL307, which has 2-ethylhexyloxy chains in the donor part, showed the best efficiency of 6.08% under 100 mW cm(-2) light illumination. The dye series showed a fairly good stability during the one month test period.

Efficient Synthesis Of Alkyl And Aryl 2,3-Unsaturated Glycopyranosides via Ferrier Rearrangement

The reactions of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal with phenolic and aliphatic alcohol in various Lewis acid catalysts (namely La(NO3)3.6H2O, InCl3, ZnCl2 and BF3•OEt2) have furnished the corresponding alkyl and aryl 2,3-unsaturated glycopyranosides via Ferrier rearrangement. BF3•OEt2 showed the best Lewis acids catalysts with excellent yields and minimum reaction times. The reactions performed in CH3CN gave better yields and shorter reaction times compared to CH2Cl2. The electron withdrawing properties of aromatic ring resulting lower yields of aryl 2,3-unsaturated glycopyranosides compared to alkyl 2,3-unsaturated glycopyranosides under this condition. This study is significant in the preparation of O-glycosides via Ferrier rearrangement.

Controlling the charge transfer in D-A-D chromophores based on pyrazine derivatives.

A series of symmetrical donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) chromophores bearing various electron-withdrawing groups, such as quinoxaline (Qx), benzo[g]quinoxaline (BQ), phenazine (Pz), benzo[b]phenazine (BP), thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TP), and thieno[3,4-b]quinoxaline (TQ), has been designed and synthesized. Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) interactions can be found for all the chromophores due to the electron-withdrawing properties of the two imine nitrogens in the pyrazine ring and the electron-donating properties of the other two amine nitrogens in the two triphenylamines. Upon the fusion of either benzene or thiophene ring on the pyrazine acceptor unit, the ICT interactions are strengthened, which results in the bathochromically shifted ICT band. Moreover, the thiophene ring is superior to the benzene ring in enlarging the ICT interaction and expanding the absorption spectrum. Typically, when a thiophene ring is fused on the Qx unit in DQxD, a near-infrared dye is realized in simple chromophore DTQD, which displays the maximum absorption wavelength at 716 nm with the threshold over 900 nm. This is probably due to the enhanced charge density on the acceptor moiety and better orbital overlap, as revealed by theoretical calculation. These results suggest that extending the conjugation of a pyrazine acceptor in an orthogonal direction to the D-A-D backbone can dramatically improve the ICT interactions.

Evaluation of BDE-47 hydroxylation metabolic pathways based on a strong electron-withdrawing pentafluorobenzoyl derivatization gas chromatography/electron capture negative ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Understanding the metabolic pathways of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is a key issue in the evaluation of their cytotoxicity after they enter the biota. In order to obtain more information concerning the metabolic pathways of PBDEs, we developed a strong electron-withdrawing pentafluorobenzoyl (PFBoyl) derivatization capillary gas chromatography/electron capture negative ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC/ECNI-qMS). PFBoyl esterification greatly improves separation of the metabolites of PBDEs such as hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs) and bromophenols (BPs) metabolites in rat liver microsomes (RLMs). On the other hand, the strong electron-withdrawing property of PFBoyl derivatized on OH-PBDEs and/or BPs makes cleavage of the ester bond on ECNI easier resulting in higher abundance of the structure-informative characteristic fragment ions at a high m/z region, which facilitate the identification of OH-PBDEs metabolites. Subsequent quantification can be performed by monitoring not only 79Br- (or 81Br-) but also their characteristic fragment ions, achieving more accurate isotope dilution quantification using GC/ECNI-qMS. These merits allow us to identify totally 12 metabolites of BDE-47, a typical example of PBDEs, in the RLMs in vitro incubation systems. In addition to the already known metabolites of BDE-47, one dihydroxylated 3,6-di-OH-BDE-47 and one dihydroxylated 3,5-di-OH-tetrabrominated dioxin were found. Moreover, the second hydroxylation took place on the same bromophenyl ring, where the first hydroxyl group was located, and was further confirmed via the identification of the dihydroxylated 2',6'-di-OH-BDE-28 of an asymmetric 2'-OH-BDE-28. This methodological development and its subsequent findings of the metabolic pathways of BDE-47 provided experimental evidence for understanding its dioxin-like behavior and endocrine disrupting risk.

Spectroscopic, photochromic and kinetic properties of 5'-benzothiazolyl derivatives of spiroindolinenaphthopyrans: An experimental and theoretical study

The effects exerted by the substituents (H, Cl, OCH3, CN, NO2, benzo) in the 5-position of the indoline moiety on spectroscopic and kinetic properties of photochromic 5'-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-spiro[indoline-2,3'-[3Н]naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans], known as efficient chelators of transition metal ions, have been investigated by means of electronic absorption spectroscopic and DFT PBE0/6-311G** methods. Stabilization of the merocyanine isomeric form of spiropyrans decreases with the increase in electron withdrawing properties of the substituents giving rise to increase of the thermal decoloration rates. In contrast to other substituents, 5-nitro group significantly enhances absorptivity of the cyclic form in the visible spectroscopic region and provides for the bathochromic shift of the longest wavelength absorption band of the merocyanine isomer. The origin of the electronic transitions determining the UV/Vis absorption spectra of the spironaphthopyrans is discussed based on the data of TD DFT calculations.

Spiropyrans and spirooxazines 10. Synthesis of photochromic 5′-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-substituted spiro[indoline-naphthopyrans

New photochromic 5′-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)-substituted spiro[indoline-naphthopyrans] exhibiting luminescent properties in the spirocyclic form were synthesized. Their reverse thermal reaction barrier decreases with the increase in the electron-withdrawing properties of substituent in the indoline fragment.

Novel electron-withdrawing π-conjugated pyrene-containing poly(phenylquinoxaline)s

65 In recent time, conjugated polymers have attracted considerable attention of researchers not only from scientific but also from a practical viewpoint due to their fundamental optoelectronic properties and application as electroactive materials for organic light emitting diodes [1], field effect transistors [2], and photovoltaic devices [3]. Conjugated polymers are prepared by Stille, Suzuki, and Yamamoto reactions using nickel (Yamamoto) and palladium (Suzuki and Stille) catalysts [4, 5]. However, the high cost of the processes and difficulties of purification from metal catalyst residues, which are undesirable impurities for optoelectronic devices, are considerable drawbacks of these reactions. New noncatalytic methods for the synthesis of high purity conjugated polymers should be developed to solve these problems. It has also been found that intense electroluminescence and high charge mobility in a polymer require a high electron– hole conduction of a medium due to charge carriers mobility and a balance of injection of carriers of both signs from opposite electrodes into the emission poly mer layer. However, the majority of conjugated poly mers provide hole transport that causes imbalance of charge injection and a poor quantum yield. The search for new efficient electron transport polymers is necessary to improve the characteristics of electrooptical devices, which is provided, in particu lar, by the introduction of electron withdrawing frag ments—triazole [6], oxodiazole [7], quinoline [8], and quinoxaline [9]—into macromolecules. The lat ter are the least studied and show higher electron withdrawing properties due to the presence of four electron withdrawing heteroatoms. π Conjugated thiophene containing poly(phenylquinoxaline)s (PPQs) have been obtained recently. These PPQs behave as excellent electron transport materials for organic light emitting diodes [10]. We prepared new conjugated pyrene containing PPQs as high purity polymers by noncatalytic polycondensation reaction to provide the balance of the hole and electron con duction. The introduction of flat structures, such as pyrene, into a conjugated polymer is supposed to enhance intermolecular electronic interaction in the solid state and result in formation of π–π stacking structures. In continuation of our studies [11, 12], we prepared and studied new bipolar pyrene containing PPQs as efficient electron hole and transport materi als and thereby synthesized, previously unknown bis(α diketone)s IV and VIII.

Effect of Substituents on the Water Oxidation Activity of [RuII(terpy)(phen)Cl]+Procatalysts

A series of [Ru(II)(terpy-R)(phen-X)Cl]PF6 complexes was designed where terpy-R is the tridentate 4'-(4-methylmercaptophenyl)-2,2':6'2″-terpyridine ligand MeMPTP and phen-X is a substituted phenanthroline with hydro (1), 5-nitro (2), 5,6-dimethyl (3), and 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl (4). This series allows us to compare the reactivity of phenanthroline-containing procatalysts with that of its well-established bipyridine counterparts as well as to study the effects of electron-withdrawing and -donating substituents on water oxidation. These species were thoroughly characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods, and the structures of 1, 3, and 4 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The procatalysts 1-4 show opposite trends compared to known terpyridine/bipyridine species; the unsubstituted procatalyst 1 yields a turnover number (TON) of 410 followed by 250 and 150 for complexes 3 and 4 with electron-donating substituents. Species 2, with electron-withdrawing properties, yields the lowest TON of 60. Although the TONs decrease upon substitution, the presence of electron-donating methyl substituents enhances the rate of O2 evolution during an early stage of catalysis. Interestingly, no evidence of conversion from chlorido-containing procatalysts into expected aqua-containing catalysts was observed for 1-4 by NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy during the induction period. This observation, along with reactivity toward (NH4)2[Ce(IV)(NO3)6], suggests that water nucleophilic attack happens to a high-valent ruthenium species rather than while at the Ru(II) oxidation state. Reactivity follows a trend similar to the rate of O2 evolution in all complexes. Furthermore, the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and (1)H NMR analyses of 1, as recovered after catalysis, indicate the presence of a chlorido ligand.

Underlining the Non-Covalent Interactions and Spectral Properties of a New Trimeric Perfluoro-Ortho-Phenylenemercury Supramolecular Complex: Synthesis, Structure and Spectroscopy of [(o-C6F4Hg)3·μ3-TCNB

With its close proximity of Hg(II) atoms, elevated electron-withdrawing properties and accessibility to electrophilic sites on its molecular surface, cyclic trimeric perfluoro-ortho-phenylenemercury (o-(C6F4Hg)3) has been identified as one of the simplest Lewis acids. Given the marrying of these effects within the molecule, it has consistently demonstrated facility in forming supramolecular complexes with both neutral and anionic substrates. In an effort to expand the library of neutral substrates complexed by (o-C6F4Hg)3, in this communication we highlight the structural and spectroscopic properties of the complex between (o-C6F4Hg)3 and the organic acceptor TCNB (TCNB = 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene). The supramolecular complex crystallized in the centrosymmetric triclinic space group $$ P\bar{1} $$ and exhibited unit cell dimensions of a = 10.9026(8) A, b = 11.1731(8) A, c = 14.0657(10) A, α = 89.839(6)°, β = 77.893(7)° and γ = 69.328(8)° for the title complex. Close inspection of the solid state structure revealed one-dimensional chains of non-covalent Hg···N interactions between the mercury atoms of (o-C6F4Hg)3 and the nitrogen atoms from nitrile groups lying trans to one another within the organic acceptor. A network of hydrogen bonding interactions between (o-C6F4Hg)3 and TCNB as well as among dimers of TCNB was also observed. Infrared spectroscopic measurements were also completed and revealed a shifting of the nitrile vibrational frequency for TCNB relative to that for the free molecule. Herein we present the structure and infrared spectroscopic properties of the supramolecular complex [(o-C6F4)3·μ3-TCNB], which couples the Lewis Acid trimeric perfluoro-ortho-phenylenemercury ((o-C6F4Hg)3) with the organocyanide acceptor TCNB (TCNB = 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene). .

Assemblies of salen-type oxidovanadium(IV) complexes: substituent effects and in vitro protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition.

Oxidovanadium(IV) complexes with substituted chiral tetradentate dianionic N,N'-bis-o-hydroxybenzylidene-1,2-propylenediamines were synthesized and their physicochemical properties were characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, ATR FTIR, UV-VIS and EPR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry and preliminary in vitro protein-tyrosine phosphatase inhibition activity studies. Different 5-substituents in the salicylaldehyde (condensed with 1,2-diaminopropane; 2 : 1) were tested, namely 5-Br (complex 1), 5-Cl (2), 5-NO2 (3) and 5-OCH3 (4). The crystal structures of 1 and 2 show square pyramidal coordination of vanadium and parallel arrangement of monomeric exo isomers in supramolecular dimers. The halogen-halogen interaction of substituents in 5,5'-positions leads to weakening of axial interaction between phenolate O and V in 2, compared to 1. The Br atom takes part in halogen bonding with a vanadyl group in 1. Complex 3 has a linear polymeric structure with a V-O-V asymmetric bridge motif (IR absorption band at 873 cm(-1), separated d-d bands and broad EPR band structure in frozen solution pointing to oligomeric nature) while 4 is monomeric (V=O stretching at 976 cm(-1), broad d-d band structure). Redox potentials of the V(4+)/V(5+) couple lie in the range of -0.14 to 0.21 V (vs. Fc/Fc(+)) and show substantial dependence on the electron withdrawing properties of the substituents. The charge transfer character of the bands present in the range 365-395 nm was confirmed based on UV-VIS spectroelectrochemical experiments. Different assemblies of complex molecules are influenced by the electron withdrawing properties of the 5,5'-substituents, leading to supramolecular dimers (1, 2 and 4) and linear polymeric self-assembly (3). An in vitro study of representative complex 1 showed protein tyrosine phosphatase activity inhibition higher than that of suramin but lower than those of oxidovanadium(IV) sulphate and bis(maltolato)oxidovanadium(IV).

Substituent-controlled preference of carbonyl group–metal coordination in d8metal complexes with non-symmetric pentadentate ligands. Structural and stereochemical aspects

Chirally switchable Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes were synthesized and fully characterized by X-ray crystallography and additionally by spectroscopic means (NMR and MS). The syntheses and characterization of their ligands are also reported. It was found that control of the stereochemical preference between (S*,S*) and (S*,R*) diastereomers by substituent modification of the ligand sidearms was possible in the solid state with the preferred atomic coordinations of the sidearms consistent with expectations based on the electron-withdrawing properties of the substituent -o-CF3 group. The dilemma arising in terms of assigning the absolute configuration descriptors resulting from selecting between strictly following only the covalent bonds of the ligand and disregarding the nature of the bonds altogether and thus bringing the coordinate bonds into consideration to determine the stereochemical priority sequence is hereby resolved by declaring that the latter option is to be preferred. The results obtained here provide a clear indication that sidearm substitution of the Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes need not disturb macromolecular stereochemical arrangements leading to quasidiastereomeric relationships. This permits the design of molecular systems sensitive to external stimuli with predictable macromolecular structure.

Comparison of the Structural and Dynamic Effects of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Chlorocytosine in a CpG Dinucleotide Sequence

Inflammation-mediated reactive molecules can result in an array of oxidized and halogenated DNA-damage products, including 5-chlorocytosine ((Cl)C). Previous studies have shown that (Cl)C can mimic 5-methylcytosine ((m)C) and act as a fraudulent epigenetic signal, promoting the methylation of previously unmethylated DNA sequences. Although the 5-halouracils are good substrates for base-excision repair, no repair activity has yet been identified for (Cl)C. Because of the apparent biochemical similarities of (m)C and (Cl)C, we have investigated the effects of (m)C and (Cl)C substitution on oligonucleotide structure and dynamics. In this study, we have constructed oligonucleotide duplexes containing C, (Cl)C, and (m)C within a CpG dinucleotide. The thermal and thermodynamic stability of these duplexes were found to be experimentally indistinguishable. Crystallographic structures of duplex oligonucleotides containing (m)C or (Cl)C were determined to 1.2 and 1.9 Å resolution, respectively. Both duplexes are B-form and are superimposable on a previously determined structure of a cytosine-containing duplex with a rmsd of approximately 0.25 Å. NMR solution studies indicate that all duplexes containing cytosine or the cytosine analogues are normal B-form and that no structural perturbations are observed surrounding the site of each substitution. The magnitude of the base-stacking-induced upfield shifts for nonexchangeable base proton resonances are similar for each of the duplexes examined, indicating that neither (m)C nor (Cl)C significantly alter base-stacking interactions. The (Cl)C analogue is paired with G in an apparently normal geometry; however, the G-imino proton of the (Cl)C-G base pair resonates to higher field relative to (m)C-G or C-G, indicating a weaker imino hydrogen bond. Using selective ¹⁵N-enrichment and isotope-edited NMR, we observe that the amino group of (Cl)C rotates at roughly half of the rate of the corresponding amino groups of the C-G and (m)C-G base pairs. The altered chemical shifts of hydrogen-bonding proton resonances for the (Cl)C-G base pair as well as the slower rotation of the (Cl)C amino group can be attributed to the electron-withdrawing inductive property of the 5-chloro substituent. The apparent similarity of duplexes containing (m)C and (Cl)C demonstrated here is in accord with results of previous biochemical studies and further suggests that (Cl)C is likely to be an unusually persistent form of DNA damage.

Preparation, crystal structures, and spectroscopic properties of cobalt(III) complexes bearing 2,4-pentanedionate (acac−) and 2-cyanoethylphosphines: trans-[Co(acac)2{P(CH2CH2CN)nPh3–n}]BF4 (n = 1–3)

A series of cobalt(III) complexes containing 2-cyanoethylphosphines, [Co(acac)2{P(CH2CH2CN)nPh3–n}2]BF4 {acac=2,4-pentanedionate; n=1 (1), 2 (2), and 3 (3)} have been prepared, and their molecular and crystal structures have been determined. The X-ray diffraction study revealed that these complexes are the trans isomers in the crystals. The Co–P bond lengths are little affected by the number of 2-cyanoethyl substituents on the P atom, which is consistent with a small change of the σ-donicity among these phosphines. The trans configuration of these complexes is maintained in solution, as revealed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The 2-cyanoethylphosphines could not form stable cis-isomers of [Co(acac)2{P(CH2CH2CN)nPh3–n}2]+, like the corresponding methylphosphines (PMenPh3–n). This fact probably results from a strong electron-withdrawing property of a terminal cyano group of phosphine substituent. In the UV–Vis absorption spectra of complexes 1–3, the LMCT transition band is observed in the range of 20500–24000cm−1, which is comparable to the analogous PMenPh3–n complexes, but their intensity is characteristically weaker than that of the corresponding PMenPh3–n complexes.

Complexation of Michler’s Ketone by Trimeric Perfluoro-Ortho-Phenylenemercury: Synthesis, Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of a New Supramolecular Adduct

Trimeric perfluoro-ortho-phenylenemercury (o-(C6F4Hg)3) has been identified as one of the simplest Lewis acidic host molecules due to its proximity of Hg(II) atoms, electron-withdrawing properties and inherent accessibility to electrophilic sites on the molecule’s surface. Owing to these concerted effects, the molecule is capable of forming supramolecular complexes with a variety of neutral and anionic substrates, among them organic carbonyls such as aldehydes and ketones. In this communication, we highlight the structural and spectroscopic properties of the complex formed between (o-C6F4Hg)3 and Michler’s Ketone (4,4′-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone or MK). The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group $$ P\bar{1} $$ with a = 11.690(2) A, b = 12.011(2) A, c = 13.617(5) A, α = 101.30(2)°, β = 98.44(2)°, and γ = 107.15(2)° and contains non-covalent Hg–Hg, Hg–C and Hg–O interactions. IR spectroscopy measurements were also completed and reveal a moderate shifting of the carbonyl stretching frequency between [(o-C6F4Hg)3·μ3-MK] and free Michler’s Ketone, due presumably to the Hg–O interactions. Herein we present the structure and infrared spectroscopic properties of the supramolecular complex [(o-C6F4Hg)3·μ3-MK] which combines the Lewis Acid trimeric perfluoro-ortho-phenylenemercury ((o-C6F4Hg)3) with Michler’s Ketone.

Design and Synthesis of Cyclic ADP‐4‐Thioribose as a Stable Equivalent of Cyclic ADP‐Ribose, a Calcium Ion‐Mobilizing Second Messenger

Design and Synthesis of Cyclic ADP‐4‐Thioribose as a Stable Equivalent of Cyclic ADP‐Ribose, a Calcium Ion‐Mobilizing Second Messenger

The synthesis of phosphonate-functionalized tetraphenylsilane unit and its application in wide band-gap polymer materials

Phosphonate-functionalized tetraphenylsilane group was designed and synthesized. Coupling with 3,6-substituted carbazole, wide band-gap polymer host SiCzP was synthesized through Suziki reation by using above designed group as fundamental unit. The structure were systematically characterized. Compared with model polymer SiCz, the strong electron-withdrawing property of phosphonate unit could decrease the LUMO energy level and facilitate electron injection. The glass transition temperature and decompostion temperature of SiCzP and SiCz were 219 and 227, 441 and 426 ℃, respectively. Both compounds had good film stability. The brightness and efficiency of doped devices were both increased by the introduction of phosphonate unit and the maximun current efficiency and power efficiency were imporved by 98% and 75%, respectively.