Electron Microscopy Pictures Research Articles

Assessment of podocyte detachment as a pivotal step in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

BackgroundPodocytopenia refers to a decrease in the number of podocytes. When podocytes are injured, they may detach leading to podocytopenia, which represents a critical step in the development of podocytopathy and subsequently deterioration of renal functions. Pathological assessment of podocytopenia plays a crucial role in diagnosing underlying kidney diseases.AimTo assess detached podocytes and evaluate their diagnostic role in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.Materials and methodsThis is a retrospective study, conducted on 67 archival renal biopsies with the clinical diagnosis of steroid-resistant or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and diagnosed as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and podocytopathy with detached podocytes by electron microscopy (EM). Colloidal iron stain and Desmin immunohistochemical stain were performed. Assessment of the mean percent of stained pixels in relation to the surface tuft area of the glomerulus, i.e., mean percent of stained area (PSA) was done using image analysis system (ImageJ 1.52a) software.ResultsPodocytopathy with detached podocytes was diagnosed in 35 (52.24%) cases, while FSGS was diagnosed in 32 (47.76%) cases. Regarding detached podocytes, 27 (49.3%) cases showed no detached podocytes by light microscopy (LM), while only 4 (6%) showed severe podocyte detachment. There was a statistically significant difference between control cases and both podocytopathy with detached podocytes and FSGS regarding mean PSA (p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionStandardized reporting of detached podocyte cells is becoming mandatory as they have a high positive predictive value for the expected EM picture.

Synthesis of NiO: BaO nano structure by chemical method with Antibacterial activity to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epedermidis andcandida spp

Nanostructured materials have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable chemical and physical characteristics. Because of their exceptional qualities and potential uses in technology. Nanostructured transition metal oxides are one of the many nanomaterials that need particular attention. The goal of this study was to synthesize nickel oxide and barium oxide nanostructures by the reaction of Nano powders: nickel sulphate NiSO4, barium chloride BaCl3, and molten sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide (NaOH: KOH) and examine their physical and biological properties. According to the results of UV–Vis, the gap band of the nanostructure was calculated with a range of 3.6–3.27 eV. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) pictures appear to create aggregated nanoparticles with particle size of 29 nm according to Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with a spherical shape. This results proved that NiO: Ba nanostructure an efficient and stable. It was observed that the diameter of the inhibition zone bacteria include E. coli and Klebsiella spp. (21,18) mm while inhibition zone of bacteria S. aureus,S. epidermidisgram positive bacteria and yeast candida spp.(19,19 and 21)mm. As can be shown, the antibacterial activity of the (NiO: BaO), nanostructure increases with decreasing concentration and is more effective against E. coli gram-negative than it is against S. aureus and S. epedermidis gram-positive. This finding might be explained by the fact that, due to differences in their cell wall composition, gram-negative bacteria are more vulnerable to antibacterial medications than gram-positive ones. The synthesized NiO: Ba nanostructures had the potential for higher inhibition and killing of gram-negative than gram-positive bacteria.

Effect of magnetic field on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of CdS nanoparticles in distilled water by using pulsed laser ablation

In this study, we investigated the impact that the incorporation of a magnetic field has on the properties of cadmium sulfide CdS nanoparticles as well as the performance of an n-CdS/p-Si heterojunction photodetector that was developed by the use of the pulsed laser ablation in a liquid method. Nd:YAG laser pulses (1.064 μm, 550 mJ) were utilized to ablate cadmium sulfide CdS nanoparticles in water. The synthesized nanoparticles were shown to have a polycrystalline hexagonal structure, as evidenced by the findings of the X-ray diffraction experiment, the crystallite size for cadmium sulfide CdS decreased from 4.611 nm to 4.518 nm. The lattice constants of cadmium sulfide CdS nanostructures were determined to be a = 4.1302, c = 6.702, and c/a=1.622. The strain and dislocation density of cadmium sulfide CdS exhibited an increase. Images taken from a field emission scanning electron microscope demonstrated the formation of spherical nanoparticles on the surface. A magnetic field was applied, increasing the CdS film's crystallinity. As a consequence of this enhancement, the particle size of the CdS decreased from 25.18 nm to 12.17 nm. A comparison was made between this and the size of the crystallites that appeared when no magnetic field was present. The EDS spectrum of magnetically prepared cadmium sulfide CdS films indicates the presence of Cd and S, and the weight percentage ratios [Cd]/[S], increase from 3.72 to 3.80. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pictures of CdS samples that were generated using a magnetic field contained particles of small size with a mean of 10.10 nanometers. From the FT-IR spectra of cadmium sulfide CdS prepared using a magnetic field within 400–4000 cm−1, the peaks (bands) of cadmium sulfide CdS at 617 cm−1 represent the bending vibration of Cd-S. As a result of the influence of a magnetic field, the optical energy gap of CdS nanoparticles increased from 2.30 eV to 2.72 eV, as indicated by the UV-Vis study. From PL emission spectra the values of the energy band gap of cadmium sulfide CdS increased from 2.45 eV at 505.7 to 2.47 eV when a magnetic field was applied. CdS NP films produced under the influence of a magnetic field were identified as having n-type characteristics by Hall effect assessments, Particle mobility was influenced by particle size. The effect of applying a magnetic field on the efficiency of the n-CdS/p-Si photodetector was investigated and analyzed. When a magnetic field was applied during ablation, the responsivity of n-CdS/p-Si heterojunction photodetectors increased from 0.498 A/W to 0.830 A/W at 510 nm. This was the result of the application of the magnetic field.

Sustainable Fabrication of Luminescent Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles From Cucumis melo Fruit Peel Extract as Prospective Photocatalytic and Antigermicidal Agent.

The focus of current advances in nanotechnology has shifted significantly towards environmentally conscious methods that use harmless ingredients and moderated reaction circumstances to promote equitable development. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) currently grabbed attention of multiple medical fields owing to their unique ability to safeguard against cellular damage and alleviate serious human diseases via processes related to metabolism. This work focused on the generation of ZnO NPs using the peel of Cucumis melo fruit. The NPs were then analyzed and characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results indicated that at a wavelength of 352 nm, it was proven that the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs had occurred. The XRD pattern indicated the presence of dense crystal structures. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) picture confirmed the existence of polygonal-shaped ZnO NPs. The findings indicate that the produced ZnO NPs possess tough antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. When the ZnO NPs were exposed to direct sunshine for 80 min, they showed an 89% dye breakdown efficiency. This research specifically focused on the decomposition of reactivity dyes, with methylene blue dye being used as the target dye. The work demonstrates that the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs has a crucial and versatile role in the biological and environmental sectors.

Development and bioavailability improvement of Resiquimod in the form of solid lipid nanoparticles

Development and bioavailability improvement of Resiquimod in the form of solid lipid nanoparticles

Development of vitamin D3 and Spirulina platensis protein hydrolysates co-loaded nanoliposomes and coated by sodium caseinate

The objective of this study was to investigate the co-loading of vitamin D3 (VitD3) and Spirulina platensis protein hydrolysates (SPH) within coated nanoliposomes (NLPs) by sodium caseinate, with the intention of developing a novel nutritional supplement. The coated NLPs exhibited particle size, PDI, and zeta potential values of 185.30 ± 29.62 nm, 0.22±0.04, and +18.70 ± 3.44 mV, respectively. Moreover, the encapsulation efficiencies of the coated NLPs for VitD3 and SPH were 83.24 ± 4.22 % and 89.41 ± 4.36 %, respectively. The improving effect of the surface coating by sodium caseinate on the stability and function of the NLPs was exhibited through analysis of chemical structure, thermal stability, and crystalline structure. The transmission electron microscopy pictures of the developed NLPs revealed a spherical morphology with a thin layer around the vesicle. The loaded VitD3 and SPH in the coated NLPs showed controlled release profiles during incubation in the simulated gastrointestinal condition. Moreover, the VitD3/SPH co-loaded NLPs and their coated form had no considerable cell toxicity. To conclude, the developed nanosystem demonstrated the suitable characteristics of a nanocarrier for reaping the nutritional benefits of VitD3 and SPH.

Fabrication of cerium vanadate-embedded on carbon based graphene material (rGO) with significant performance for supercapacitor electrode

This work examined the electrochemical properties of CeVO3 nanocomposite that were enhanced with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and CeVO3 nanoparticles. The CeVO3/rGO fabricated using a typical hydrothermal process that was further characterized via XRD revealed the monoclinic crystalline structure of the CeVO3 nanoparticles. The presence of uniformly distributed particles structured CeVO3 and layer-structured (rGO) reduced graphene oxide in the nanocomposite materials was determined using scanning electron microscopy pictures. We evaluated the electro-chemical efficiency of the nanocrystals for enhanced working electrodes and supercapacitors with cerium vanadate (CeVO3) nanoparticles and the cerium vanadate (CeVO3) embedded on reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The analysis was conducted on 2.0 M aqueous KOH (potassium hydroxide) electrolytic solution and it achieved the capacitance of 355.46 F g−1 (10 mVs−1) was concluded by cyclic voltammetry analysis of the working electrode modified with pure CeVO3 nanomaterial. The addition of rGO improved the value of Cs to 947.30 F g−1 at the same scan speed (10 mVs−1). The CeVO3 nanoparticles and CeVO3/rGO nanocomposite exhibited the capacitance values of 698.54 F g−1 and 1403.35 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 respectively, as determined by GCD analysis. The fabricated with CeVO3 nanoparticles exhibited power density values of 254.1 W kg−1 and energy values of 25.05 W h kg−1. On the other hand, the CeVO3/rGO nanocomposite showed greater energy (Ed) and power (Pd) density of 54.72 W h kg−1 and 264.95 W kg−1, individually. After undergoing 5000th cycles, the material utilizing CeVO3/rGO composite maintained its stability. The electrochemical examination of the synthesized cerium vanadate nanoparticles revealed that the inclusion of rGO resulted in a hybrid capacitive nature and the proposed nanocomposite can be employed as supercapacitors or as electrodes in batteries as well as energy storage and generating device for future use.

Synthesis, characterization and effective UV photo-sensing properties of Ga3+ doped NiO nanoparticles

In this work, resistive type photodetectors were fabricated using Gd3+ ions doped NiO nanoparticles to improve the detection of ultraviolet (UV) light. The occurrence of the simple cubic phase in NiO systems has been shown by X-ray diffraction patterns. The crystalline size of the NiO nanoparticles doped with different concentrations of Gd3+ at levels of pure, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 % were 6 nm, 8 nm, 9 nm, and 12 nm, respectively. The presence of dopants in the material was established by the Raman spectrum analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pictures were used to validate the morphological properties of Gd3+ doped NiO nanoparticles nanoparticles at different degrees of dopant concentration (0 %, 1 %, 2 % and 3 %). The introduction and concentration of dopants alter the shape of NiO material. Based on the findings of UV–visible absorption spectroscopic studies, it can be concluded that the addition of Gd3+ ions to the system improved the absorption characteristics. The measured bandgap values for various degrees of Gd3+ doping, namely 0 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 %, are 3.51 eV, 3.45 eV, 3.36 eV, and 3.23 eV, respectively. According to the measured photoluminescence spectrum, Gd3+ ions may efficiently trap and maintain excited electrons within an energy level between the ground and excited states. This process greatly extends the lifespan of excitons from immediate recombination. The use of Gd3+-doped NiO sensors in UV photodetection resulted in a significant increase in conductivity and photocurrent. The photodetector fabricated using a 3 % concentration of Gd3+ doped NiO, has a responsivity of 24 × 10−2 AW−1, a detectivity of 14 × 109 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 62 %.

Influence of different molar concentration on the structural, optical, electrical and photo diode properties of MoO3 thin films

This article discusses an eco-friendly method for creating metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) diodes. MoO3 thin films are prepared at different mole concentrations (0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07 M) using a Jet Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis (JNSP) methodology. An orthorhombic phase, which is of special interest because of its potential in electronic applications, was discovered by structural investigation using X-ray diffraction (XRD) in the 0.05 M MoO3 film. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) pictures of the 0.05 M MoO3 film show a distinct nanoplate shape, indicating positive characteristics for photovoltaic applications. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed an energy bandgap of 3.21 eV for this concentration. This corresponds to the requisite electronic parameters for a high-performance MIS diode. Then the DC electrical conductivity of the films showed a monotonic rise with the concentration of MoO3, peaking at 0.05 M, suggesting improved carrier transport characteristics. The I–V characteristics of the Cu/MoO3/p-Si diodes revealed that current flows mostly across interfaces and is controlled by carrier concentration. The 0.05 M MoO3 substance exhibited a considerable increase in photocurrent. This work explains the optimized MoO3 concentration and the morphology using the JNSP approach can result in the production of highly efficient MIS diodes suited for a wide range of optoelectronic applications.

Crystallite Size Effect on Photoluminescence of Combustion-Derived Gd2O3 Nanoparticles

Rare earth oxides are considered materials that are commonly used in high performance luminescent devices, magnets, catalysts and various other practical applications such, as electronics, magnetism, nuclear technology, optics and catalysis. Using [Formula: see text] nanoparticles synthesised by combustion route and calcinated at various temperatures (600[Formula: see text]C, 800[Formula: see text]C, 1000[Formula: see text]C, and 1200[Formula: see text]C), we have investigated its phosphors nature in this study. We evaluated the phase purity and grain size distributions from the powder X-ray diffraction patterns of all the samples. This was done using the Rietveld refinement and the FW[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]M technique. Our observation of the [Formula: see text] nanoparticles grain size distribution was made possible using transmission electron microscopy pictures and HRSEM images. The photoluminescence spectrum of [Formula: see text] nanoparticles showed emission in the region near-band-edge blue and green emission. To detail the photoluminescence behavior, the excitation, emission spectra and CIE 1976 plot were recorded and the CIE coordinates were found to be [Formula: see text] as well as [Formula: see text] that look like blue. The use of phosphors nature is enabled by studying the impact of grain size and the linear dependent behaviour of [Formula: see text] nanoparticles.

Shell Composition Analysis of European Flat Oyster (Ostrea edulis, Linnaeus 1758) From Marmara Sea, Türkiye: Insights Into Chemical Properties

The chemical structure of Ostrea edulis (O. edulis) shells was investigated in this work. The study determined zero charge points (PZC) of Ostrea edulis shells. The shell surface charge status is indicated by the PZC value. It was found that the shell PZC value was 8.30. The shells were subjected to Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses and scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures. The main structure of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is made up of carbon, oxygen, and calcium atoms, which were found in the largest quantities based on the EDS data. The structure of CaCO3 was supported by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. As part of the study, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) investigations were conducted, and it was found that the shell structures are primarily composed of an aragonite and CaCO3 mixture. As is well known, CaCO3, which makes up roughly 94% of the shell, is the primary constituent of bivalves’ shells. This research offers a thorough examination of the chemical makeup of O. edulis shells. This study is thought to serve as the foundation for further research on the biological and chemical characteristics of marine species.

Physical Investigations of GaN/Porous Silicon at Different Laser Wavelengths

In this study, we prepared PSi using the laser-assisted electrochemical etching method and deposited Gallium nitride (GaN) on the PSi substrate using the pulsed laser technique at different pulsed laser wavelengths (1064, 532, and 355 nm). We investigated the optical, structural, topographical, and morphological properties of Gallium Nitride on the substrate PSi by various pulsed laser wavelengths. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that gallium nitride on PSi was polycrystalline and hexagonal, cubic structural at 532 nm, with a high peak intensity and crystallite size at 2θ=36.96°and 57.80 related to (101) and (110) planes, respectively, while the c-GaN phase is observed at 2θ = 25.43 degrees and is reflected from the (200) plane. PL shows two emission peaks were observed for the GaN film (430,345,413 nm) and the PSi substrate (867,891,876 nm), and the energy gap increased as the wavelength decreased. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) pictures revealed that the synthetic sample had an average size of 24.45, 23.91, and 21.30 nm, and the nanoparticles appeared spherical and similar to cauliflower. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed that the average roughness was 7.62, 10.64, and 13.62 nm, respectively, and it was observed the root mean square increased as a result of the uniform distribution of high-quality crystals and the excellent quality of the crystal structure. The UV-Visible (UV) results showed that the transmission decreased with a decrease in wavelength, and the absorption was inversely proportional to the transmission.

Expanded polystyrene waste valorization as a hydrophobic coating II: packaging application

The application of the expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste to the functional material is still a challenge. The hydrophobic property of polystyrene has a potential to create a superhydrophobic surface. Here, we use expanded polystyrene waste to coat surfaces in two different ways—spray coating and dip coating—to produce superhydrophobic surfaces for food packaging. The ZnO was employed to make the surface rougher. However, the combination of ZnO and EPS waste produces only a hydrophobic surface. For spray coating and dip coating, the maximum water contact angle is 119° and 125° respectively. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) picture reveals many holes that increase the surface's roughness. The hydrophobic surface significantly cuts down on cleaning time. According to the food packaging parameter test mandated by the Indonesian Food and Drug Administration (BPOM) (BPOM regulation No. 20, 2019), the coating complies with heavy metals and ethanol stimulant migration testing requirements for food packaging. However, the migration condition in acetic acid stimulant surpasses the maximum standard. The total migration in 3% acetic acid stimulant (40°C for 10 days) is 22.95 mg/dm2 while the maximum value is 10 mg/dm2.

Chain elongation in continuous microbial electrosynthesis cells: The effect of pH and precursors supply

Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) enables the production of carbon-neutral chemicals using CO2 as a carbon source. Acetic acid is the main MES product, but recent studies show the direct production of elongated carboxylic acids, e.g., butyric and caproic acid. However, the production of elongated acids in MES systems is still inefficient due to the low growth rates of acetogenic bacteria and to limited solventogenic rates. Subsequently, researchers have produced elongated carboxylic acids directly from acetic acid or have operated MES systems at low pH to favor solventogenesis. However, the effect the addition of different chain elongation precursors and the operation pH exerts in the bioelectrochemical production of elongated acids remains unclear. To investigate this, three pH-controlled MES systems were operated in this study with continuous liquid and gas supply. MES systems elongating acetic acid at pH 6 achieved higher butyric (0.71 vs. 0.42 g L−1) and caproic acid (0.71 vs. 0.42 g L−1) titers in the absence of CO2 sparging. Additionally, lowering the pH to 5 in the MES systems fed with CO2 and acetic acid improved the elongated acids titers, reaching 0.72 g L−1 butyric and 0.33 g L−1 caproic acid. The 16 S rRNA analysis showed the community was dominated by Oscillibacter at pH 6, and by Clostridium at pH 5. Furthermore, the first scanning electron microscopy pictures revealing biofilm stratification in MES cathodes were taken in this study, where homogeneous rod-shaped bacteria biofilm layers, in contact with the graphite cathode, were covered by heterogeneous biofilm layers.

Green synthesis of CdS/flaxseed mucilage nanocomposite films using gamma irradiation for packaging applications

Abstract The most common ways to produce nanoparticles are through chemical and physical processes, which can be expensive and environmentally hazardous. Using plant extracts (green synthesis) as reducing and capping agents is a simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method of lowering the usage of dangerous chemicals in the synthesis of metal nanoparticles. This study covers the environmentally friendly synthesis of cadmium sulphide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) using a blend of flaxseed extracts (FM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and chitosan (Cs). The composites are then exposed to gamma irradiation at doses of 20 kGy and 40 kGy. UV–VIS absorption spectroscopy, SEM, HRTEM, EDX, and FTIR were used to analyse the produced nanocomposite films. UV–Vis absorption spectra showed considerable surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) bands at 396–440 nm, indicating that CdS NPs had been successfully synthesized. A progressive red shift in wavelength was noted, along with the broadening of the absorption band as the irradiation dose increased. Transmission electron microscopy pictures revealed that the generated CdS nanostructures were dispersed as spherical nanoparticles with remarkable structural homogeneity. Tensile strength and elongation measurements of the films revealed that the inclusion of CdS NPs improved their mechanical properties. The addition of CdS NPs to the current blends limits biodegradation in soil. Thermal gravimetric analysis findings showed that CdS NPs included in FM/PVA films had improved thermal stability. The antimicrobial activities of the tested films were performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. The results revealed that all of the films exhibited more antibacterial activity against S. aureus than the two others, with the highest activity observed in nanocomposites with a high concentration of CdS.

The Effect of Food Polymers (Pectin, Alginate, and Gum Arabic) on Carbonated Drink-Induced Enamel Demineralization: An In Vitro Study.

The increased use of soft drinks leads to a high prevalence of dental erosion (DE), and the use of polymers can decrease tooth demineralization by a carbonated drink. Assessment of the effect of food-approved polymers such as highly esterified pectin (HP), propylene glycol alginate (PGA), and gum arabic (GA) on their efficiency to reduce enamel demineralization on addition with a commercially available carbonated drink was the main objective of this study. For this study, 300 premolar teeth were studied for enamel erosion and were divided into five groups consisting of 60 samples in each group. The teeth treated with distilled water had negative control, a commercially available carbonated drink with pH 2.7 had positive control, and food polymers were added individually to the carbonated drink in a specified quantity with minimal pH change and were taken as groups A, B, and C, respectively. The enamel erosion that occurred in study groups was measured using a laser fluorescence spectroscopic system with laser excitation at 404 nm at different treatment times (30, 60, and 120 seconds). Results: Demineralization was less in samples treated with polymer added to carbonated drink solutions compared to samples exposed to plain carbonated drink. As the time of exposure increased up to 120 seconds, a significant decrease in demineralization occurred in polymer-treated groups of samples as against plain carbonated drink with HP showing more decreased demineralization with extended exposure periods compared to other polymers. The surface morphology of tooth samples exhibited the anti-erosive effect of polymers, and the scanning electron microscopic pictures revealed a smoother surface for the polymer-added group. This study shows the efficacy of HP, PGA, and GA on reducing the effect of carbonated drink-induced enamel demineralization, and these polymers' addition to drinks can be an innovative way to reduce the demineralization potential of carbonated acidic drinks.

Modeling the Thermal-Compression Flip-Chip Process by Finite Element Analysis

Abstract For the first time, finite element analysis (FEA) is applied to the thermal-compression flip-chip process in micro-electronics. By adding the bump height nonuniformity and the morphology variance, a common basal line is established. Although the experiment confirms the rate dependence of indium, an approximation is made to derive the material properties in FEA. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of deformation between the FEA model and the reality is around 1% when predicting the misaligned flip-chip specimen. Besides, the modeled bump characteristic with misalignment coincides with the cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM) picture. The model could be served as a powerful tool to guide the manufacturing process.

Impact of graphene oxide nanosheets and polymethyl methacrylate on nano/hybrid-based restoration dental filler composites: ultrasound behavior and antibacterial activity.

Graphene-polymer nanocomposites significantly impact dental filler and antibacterial applications. The study aims to overcome some problems dental filers present and improve their properties and antibacterial activity. Synthesis graphene oxide (GO) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were used to reinforce two types of commercial hybrid/nano-dental fillings. Developed acoustic-solution-sonication-casting methods were applied to fabricate the new graphene-polymer-dental filler nanocomposites. The structure, morphology, rheological and mechanical properties, and antibacterial of the newly fabricated filling-PMMA/ GO nanocomposites were investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) showed a significant interaction between the filling and the additional materials. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a considerable change in crystalline behavior. Optical microscope (OM) with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) pictures demonstrated a substantial change in the morphology of the samples with a homogeneous and fine dispersion of the nanomaterials in the filler matrix. Multi-frequency ultrasound mechanical properties measured the ultrasonic velocity, absorption coefficient, compressibility, bulk modulus, and other mechanical properties that notably enhanced after GO contributed up to 325% of the ultrasonic absorption coefficient compared with hybrid/nano-fillers. Rheological properties were measured as viscosity, absorption coefficient, and specific viscosity, which significantly improved after adding PMMA and incorporating GO up to 57% of the viscosity, compared with hybrid/nano-fillers. The inhibition zone of moth bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecalis and E. staph bacteria, improved after the contribution of GO nanosheets up to 46%. Nanofillers nanocomposites presented better properties and inhabitances zone diameter of antibacterial.

Mouldable Conductive Plastic with Optimised Mechanical Properties.

This paper investigates making an injection mouldable conductive plastic formulation that aims for conductivity into the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding range, with good mechanical properties (i.e., stiffness, strength, and impact resistance). While conductivity in the range (electrostatic charge dissipation) and EMI shielding have been attained by incorporating conductive fillers such as carbon black, metals powders, and new materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), this often occurs with a drop in tensile strength, elongation-to-break resistance, and impact resistance. It is most often the case that the incorporation of high modulus fillers leads to an increase in modulus but a drop in strength and impact resistance. In this work, we have used short carbon fibres as the conductive filler and selected a 50/50 PBT/rPET (recycled PET) for the plastic matrix. Carbon fibres are cheaper than CNTs and graphenes. The PBT/rPET has low melt viscosity and crystallises sufficiently fast during injection moulding. To improve impact resistance, a styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS) rubber toughening agent was added to the plastic. The PBT/rPET had very low-impact resistance and the SEBS provided rubber toughening to it; however, the rubber caused a drop in the tensile modulus and strength. The short carbon fibre restored the modulus and strength, which reached higher value than the PBT/rPET while providing the conductivity. Scanning electron microscope pictures showed quite good bonding of the current filler (CF) to the PBT/rPET. An injection mouldable conductive plastic with high conductivity and raised modulus, strength, and impact resistance could be made.

Acoustic Fractional Propagation in Terms of Porous Xerogel and Fractal Parameters.

This article portrays solid xerogel-type materials, based on chitosan, TEGylated phenothiazine, and TEG (tri-ethylene glycol), dotted with a large number of pores, that are effectively represented in their constitutive structure. They were assumed to be fractal geometrical entities and adjudged as such. The acoustic fractional propagation equation in a fractal porous media was successfully applied and solved with the help of Bessel functions. In addition, the fractal character was demonstrated by the produced fractal analysis, and it has been proven on the evaluated scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures of porous xerogel compounds. The fractal parameters (more precisely, the fractal dimension), the lacunarity, and the Hurst index were calculated with great accuracy.