Hybrid Electronics Research Articles

Composition design of fullerene-based hybrid electron transport layer for efficient and stable wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells

Fullerene derivatives [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) has been routinely used as the electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells due to its suitable energy levels and good solution processability. However, its electron mobility and conductivity still need to be further enhanced for constructing high performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, by doping the PC61BM with a p-type polymer PM6 and n-type molecule ITIC, efficient wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells with improved efficiency and operational/storage stability are obtained. Further spectroscopy and electric measurements indicate PM6 and ITIC can both passivate defects at the perovskite/ETL interface, meanwhile ITIC can elevate the Fermi level of PC61BM to enhance conductivity and PM6 can improve the photo-induced electron mobility of the ETL, facilitating charge extraction and reducing charge recombination. As the results, Cs0.17FA0.83Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 wide-bandgap PSCs with PM6:PC61BM:ITIC as the ETL demonstrates a superior efficiency of 22.95%, compared to 20.89% of the PC61BM assisted device.

An Additively Manufactured Flexible Millimeter- Wave Doppler Radar: Toward Fully Printed High-Frequency Multilayer Flexible Hybrid Electronics

An Additively Manufactured Flexible Millimeter- Wave Doppler Radar: Toward Fully Printed High-Frequency Multilayer Flexible Hybrid Electronics

A Step Forward for Smart Clothes: Printed Fabric-Based Hybrid Electronics for Wearable Health Monitoring.

Smart clothes equipped with flexible sensing systems provide a comfortable means to track health status in real time. Although these sensors are flexible and small, the core signal-processing units still rely on a conventional printed circuit board (PCB), making current health-monitoring devices bulky and inconvenient to wear. In this study, a printed fabric-based hybrid circuit was designed and prepared-with a series of characteristics, such as surface/sectional morphology, electrical properties, and stability-to study its reliability. Furthermore, to verify the function of the fabric-based circuit, simulations and measurements of the circuit, as well as the collection and processing of a normal adult's electrophysiological signals, were conducted. Under 10,000 stretching and bending cycles with a certain elongation and bending angle, the resistance remained 0.27 Ω/cm and 0.64 Ω/cm, respectively, demonstrating excellent conductivity and reliability. Additionally, the results of the simulation and experiment showed that the circuit can successfully amplify weak electrocardiogram (ECG) signals with a magnification of 1600 times with environmental filtering and 50 Hz of industrial frequency interference. This technology can monitor human electrophysiological signals, such as ECGs, electromyograms (EMGs), and joint motion, providing valuable practical guidance for the unobtrusive monitoring of smart clothes.

Do patients maintain improvement in physical capacity achieved after hybrid telerehabilitation implemented as part of managed care after acute myocardial infarction program at one-year follow-up?

Abstract Background Managed Care after Acute Myocardial Infarction (MC-AMI) is a one-year comprehensive care program dedicated to patients with acute coronary syndrome introduced in Poland. It includes acute intervention, complex revascularization, implantation of cardiovascular electronic devices (in case of indications), rehabilitation or hybrid rehabilitation (HTR) and scheduled outpatient follow-up. HTR is a unique component of MC-AMI program. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the effect of improving physical capacity achieved after 5-week HTR was maintained during one-year follow-up. Methods The study enrolled 84 patients (90% males, aged 57.5 ± 10.2 years, LVEF 54,6 ± 6.8%) who underwent a 5-week HTR based on Nordic walking training and completed the entire one-year MC-AMI program. Unless there were contraindications, HTR began no later than 14 days after discharge from the hospital and consisted of an initial phase (1 week) conducted in an outpatient center and 4 weeks of telemonitored exercise training at home, five times weekly. Exercise capacity was assessed by comparing the exercise test results at baseline (before HTR), immediately after HTR and at the end of one-year MC-AMI program. Results HTR resulted in significant improvement in workload [METS] and workload duration in exercise test. This valuable effects were maintained after one-year follow-up. All results are presented in Table 1 and Figure 1. Conclusion The improvement in physical capacity achieved after 5-week of the hybrid telerehabilitation was maintained in patients who completed MC-AMI program in one-year follow-up.

Distance-Dependent Magnetization Modulation Induced by Inter-Superatomic Interactions in Cr-Doped Au6Te12Se8 Dimers

Abstract Individual superatoms were assembled into more complicated nanostructures for diversify their physical properties. Magnetism of assembled superatoms remains, however, ambiguous, particularly in terms of its distance dependence. Here, we report density functional theory calculations on the distance-dependent magnetism of transition metal embedded Au6Te8Se12 (ATS) superatomic dimers. Among the four considered transition metals, which include V, Cr, Mn and Fe, the Cr-embedded Au6Te12Se8 (Cr@ATS) is identified as the most suitable for exploring the inter-superatomic distance-dependent magnetism. We thus focused on Cr@ATS superatomic dimers and found an inter-superatomic magnetization-distance oscillation where three transitions occur for magnetic ordering and/or anisotropy at different inter-superatomic distances. As the inter-superatomic distance elongates, a ferromagnetism (FM)-to-antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition and a sequential AFM-to-FM transition occur, ascribed to competitions among Pauli repulsion and kinetic-energy-gains in formed inter-superatomic Cr-Au-Au-Cr covalent bonds and Te-Te quasi-covalent bonds. For the third transition, in-plane electronic hybridization contributes to the stabilization of the AFM configuration. This work unveils two mechanisms for tuning magnetism through non-covalent interactions and provides a strategy for manipulating magnetism in superatomic assemblies.

Mechanisms of Controllable Growth and Ohmic Contact of Two-Dimensional Molybdenum Disulfide: Insight from Atomistic Simulations.

ConspectusTwo-dimensional (2D) semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), in particular molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), have recently attracted huge interest due to their proper bandgap, high mobility at 2D limit, and easy-to-integrate planar structure, which are very promising for extending Moore's law in postsilicon electronics technology. Great effort has been devoted toward such a goal since the demonstration of protype MoS2 devices with high room-temperature on/off current ratios, ultralow standby power consumption, and atomic level scaling capacity down to sub-1-nm technology node. However, there are still several key challenges that need to be addressed prior to the real application of MoS2-based electronics technology. The controllable growth of wafer-scale single-crystal MoS2 on industry-compatible insulating substrates is the prerequisite of application while the currently synthesized MoS2 films mostly are polycrystalline with limited sizes of single-crystal domains and may involve metal substrates. The precise layer-control is also very important for MoS2 growth since its electronic properties are layer-dependent, whereas the layer-by-layer growth of multilayer MoS2 dominated by the van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy leads to poor thickness uniformity and noncontinuously distributed domains. High density up to 1013 cm-2 of sulfur vacancies (SVs) in grown MoS2 can cause unfavorable carrier scatting and electronic properties variations and will inevitably disturb the device performance. The dangling-bond-free surface of MoS2 gives rise to an inherent vdW gap at metal-semiconductor (M-S) contact, which leads to high electrical resistance and poor current-delivery capability at the contact interface and thereby substantially limits the performances of MoS2 devices.In this Account, we briefly review recent experimental and theoretical attempts for addressing the aforementioned challenges and present our own insights from atomistic simulations. We theoretically revealed the vital role of substrate steps for guiding unidirectional nucleation of monolayer MoS2 and uniform nucleation and edge-aligned growth of bilayer MoS2 by advanced simulations. The established thermodynamic mechanisms have successfully directed the experimental works on the controllable growth of 2 in. single-crystal monolayer and centimeter-scale uniform bilayer MoS2. The postgrowth repair mechanism of SV defect in MoS2 via thiol chemistry treatment has been theoretically explored with the consideration of side reaction of surface functionalization to help experimentally reduce SV defect density by 75%. Beyond the atomic level understanding, theoretical simulations proposed the electronic states hybridization mechanism across the semimetal-MoS2 vdW interface, thereby guiding experimental effort for realizing Ohmic contact at the MoS2-Sb(0112) vdW interface with record-low contact resistance.These advances provide a sound basis with an atomic-level understanding for addressing the related issues. However, there are still notable gaps in terms of system size and time scale of dynamics between atomistic simulations and experimental observations for the studies of MoS2 growth and interfaces. The combination of multiscale simulations and artificial intelligence technology is expected to narrow these gaps and provide a more insightful understanding of the controllable growth and interfacial properties modulation of MoS2. We conclude the Account with the standing challenges and outlook on future research directions from the theoretical perspective.

Beyond Flexible: Unveiling the Next Era of Flexible Electronic Systems.

Flexible electronics are integral in numerous domains such as wearables, healthcare, physiological monitoring, human-machine interface, and environmental sensing, owing to their inherent flexibility, stretchability, lightweight construction, and low profile. These systems seamlessly conform to curvilinear surfaces, including skin, organs, plants, robots, and marine species, facilitating optimal contact. This capability enables flexible electronic systems to enhance or even supplant the utilization of cumbersome instrumentation across a broad range of monitoring and actuation tasks. Consequently, significant progress has been realized in the development of flexible electronic systems. This study begins by examining the key components of standalone flexible electronic systems-sensors, front-end circuitry, data management, power management and actuators. The next section explores different integration strategies for flexible electronic systems as well as their recent advancements. Flexible hybrid electronics, which is currently the most widely used strategy, is first reviewed to assess their characteristics and applications. Subsequently, transformational electronics, which achieves compact and high-density system integration by leveraging heterogeneous integration of bare-die components, is highlighted as the next era of flexible electronic systems. Finally, the study concludes by suggesting future research directions and outlining critical considerations and challenges for developing and miniaturizing fully integrated standalone flexible electronic systems.

Printed Interconnects for Heterogeneous Systems Integration on Flexible Substrates

AbstractHeterogeneous integration on flexible substrates has been explored in recent years to meet the high‐performance and flexible form factors requirements of several emerging applications. Reliable interconnects, in both 2D and 3D layouts, are critical for the effective use of these systems. But it is challenging to employ conventional bonding and interconnect technology due to considerable mismatches in mechanical and thermal properties. For example, the ultra‐thin chips (UTCs) are too fragile to withstand the static or oscillating forces applied during conventional bonding. In this regard, printing of metal tracks on flexible substrates is a promising alternative to access the contact pads on integrated circuits (ICs), as the interconnects on diverse substrates can be realized at room temperature processing using as much materials as needed. Further, it is easier to attain step coverage. Considering the above attractive features, and the challenges associated with conventional bonding techniques, this article focuses on the development of high‐resolution printing interconnects in both 2D and 3D layouts and explores various printing routes available for high density integration. The article also discusses major conventional interposers/interconnects forming methods and their limitations for flexible hybrid electronics along with few examples of printed interconnects to highlight the opportunities for future.

Internet of Things and the Evolution of Human 2.0: An Analytical Study on Enhancing Human Capabilities

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has introduced new tools for enhancing human capabilities, promising improved quality of life and professional efficiency. The concept of "Augmented Human" (AH) refers to using technology to enhance and improve natural human abilities, whether physical or cognitive, through devices and technologies that boost sensory perception, physical strength, and cognitive performance. However, the integration of IoT with human augmentation technology has expanded the scope of IoT-related challenges beyond current boundaries. So far, these potential challenges associated with IoT-enabled human augmentation have not investigated. Therefore, this article aims to introduce readers to the concept of human augmentation (AH) and to summarize the key research challenges posed by such systems, thereby encouraging readers' interest in this topic. The article explores emerging IoT applications in human augmentation, along with devices and design principles, connectivity requirements, and security aspects. Keywords: Internet of Things, human capabilities, flexible hybrid electronics.

Development of a novel ternary MOF nanozyme-based smartphone-integrated colorimetric and microfluidic paper-based analytical device for trace glyphosate detection

Given the significant and potential fatal implications of glyphosate (GLY) residues on human health and the integrity of ecosystems, their presence has garnered substantial global concern and scrutiny. Herein, we introduced a pioneering colorimetric sensing platform, the first of its kind, based on ternary metal-organic frameworks (ZnCo-ZIFs@MIL-101(Fe)). This innovative platform enabled ultra-sensitive, affordable, portable and rapid on-site detection of GLY. This platform achieved a wider linear range for GLY of 0.02–40 μg/ml with an exhibiting remarkable detection limit of 1 ng/ml, which was attributed to the electronic hybridization of the Fe3+, Co2+, and Zn2+ metal centers of ZnCo-ZIFs@MIL-101(Fe), significantly enhancing the composite's catalytic performance. The assay was successfully employed to detect GLY in food and herb samples. Moreover, to meet the demand of in-field detection for GLY, a smartphone detection method based on ZnCo-ZIFs@MIL-101(Fe) with visual, intelligent, and portable features was fabricated. This detection concentration range of GLY was 0–1 μg/ml, and the limit of smartphone detection was 23 ng/ml. Furthermore, this sensor seamlessly integrated with smartphones and paper-based microfluidic chips (μPADs), which constructed a portable test strips-smartphone sensing platform for facilitating real-time and on-site visual quantitative detection of GLY. The detection concentration range was 0–1 μg/ml, and the limit was calculated as low as 75 ng/ml. The assay was highly adaptable in practical applications. In summary, our study paved a novel pathway for the design and utilization of multi-metal MOF nanozymes in on-site pesticide monitoring.

In-situ construction of high-performance artificial solid electrolyte interface layer on anode surfaces for anode-free lithium metal batteries

The electrochemical performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) was hampered by the uncontrolled growth of lithium (Li) dendrites. To address this issue, the extensive application of artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) coatings on anode surfaces emerged as an effective solution. Electrospinning, as an innovative technique for fabricating artificial SEI layers on the surface of copper (Cu) foil, effectively mitigated Li volume strain during cycling. In this study, an electrospun organic–inorganic composite nanofiber membrane was in-situ fabricated on Cu foil, serving as an artificial SEI layer (CuWs) for anode-free LMBs (AF-LMBs) to enhance battery performance. Lithiophilic polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as the polymer matrix, and Cu nitrate served as the inorganic functional particles capable of in-situ redox reactions. The CuWs with their three-dimensional (3D) network structure accommodated electrode volume changes and suppressed Li dendrite growth during Li deposition and stripping. Additionally, CuWs facilitated the in-situ generation of Li nitrate (LiNO3), which helped stabilize SEI layer and enhance Li utilization. The release sites of LiNO3 on the nanofibers enabled the in-situ reduction of metallic Cu, providing nucleation sites for Li deposition and forming the 3D ion–electron hybrid conductive networks. This CuWs layer reduced interfacial resistance and nucleation barriers, promoting uniform Li+ distribution on the anode surface. Li-Cu cells incorporating CuWs exhibited remarkable cycling stability, enduring over 460 cycles at 1.0 mA cm−2 and 1.0 mAh cm−2 with an average Coulombic efficiency of over 98.6 %. In Li-poor cells, the LFP|PE|CuWs achieved stable cycling for more than 30 cycles at 1.0 C, with a capacity retention rate of 92.0 %. These findings demonstrated that the CuWs membrane significantly enhanced the electrochemical performance of Li-poor cells and provided a novel artificial SEI protective strategy for advanced AF-LMBs with high energy density.

Manipulation in local coordination of platinum single atom enables ultrahigh mass activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction

Atomic-engineering of noble metal into single-atom electrocatalysts with well-defined active sites has been considered as an effective approach to enhance the mass-activity towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), crucial for the practical implementation of this sustainable technology. Herein, we devise a metallic-coordination strategy via a facile one-step pyrolysis method, for the atomic isolation of a small amount of platinum (Pt, 0.45 wt%) atoms in the surface of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles (Pt1@Ni) encapsulated into nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Pt1@Ni/NCNT). Such a Pt1@Ni/NCNT single-atom alloy catalyst exhibits a record-high and all-round superior HER performance including mass-activity (up to 350.7 A mgPt−1@η150), stability (>50 h at 100 mA cm−2), pH-tolerance by comparison with Pt1@NC. Our density functional theory calculations combined with in situ Raman spectroscopic studies reveal a synergistic dual-active-site catalytic mechanism, involving the fast hydrogen spillover effect on coordinated Ni supports and accelerated water dissociation in acidic and alkaline medium, respectively. A strong electronic hybridization of 5d orbital of alloyed Pt and 3d orbital of Ni atoms modulates the d band center of Pt, which not only boosts HER activity but also stabilizes Pt single atoms. Due to the double protecting strategy from strong anchoring effect in Ni support and chemically stable NCNT shell, a robust stability is achieved for Pt1@Ni/NCNT hierarchal catalyst. Our findings open up a new avenue to substantially tailor the activity of surface Pt atoms for the design of highly efficient and durable noble metal-based catalysts.

Extreme Drop Durability of Sintered Silver Traces Printed With Extrusion and Aerosol Jet Processes

Abstract Sintered silver is a popular material for printing conductive traces in printed hybrid electronics (PHE). However, due to the novel materials and printing techniques in PHEs, reliability still needs to be adequately characterized for all types of life-cycle application conditions. This paper focuses on characterizing the reliability of printed silver traces fabricated with extrusion printing and aerosol jet printing (AJP) processes, under severe shock conditions up to 40,000 g peak acceleration, resulting in very high strain magnitudes and strain rates. This study utilizes test specimens of cantilever form factor to study the reliability of three-dimensional printed traces and substrates. Traces printed using both techniques were found to withstand repetitive drops at up to 40,000 g peak acceleration. However, extrusion-printed silver traces were found to be more reliable than their AJP counterparts, because of the extruded traces' superior adhesion to the FR4 substrate and lack of sintering shrinkage cracks. Strain gauges revealed strains in excess of 10,000 με during a 40,000 g shock event. A calibrated finite element (FE) model revealed that the strains at the trace location exceeded 15,000 με during a 40,000 g shock event.

Putting error bars on density functional theory

Predicting the error in density functional theory (DFT) calculations due to the choice of exchange–correlation (XC) functional is crucial to the success of DFT, but currently, there are limited options to estimate this a priori. This is particularly important for high-throughput screening of new materials. In this work, the structure and elastic properties of binary and ternary oxides are computed using four XC functionals: LDA, PBE-GGA, PBEsol, and vdW-DF with C09 exchange. To analyze the systemic errors inherent to each XC functional, we employed materials informatics methods to predict the expected errors. The predicted errors were also used to better the DFT-predicted lattice parameters. Our results emphasize the link between the computed errors and the electron density and hybridization errors of a functional. In essence, these results provide “error bars” for choosing a functional for the creation of high-accuracy, high-throughput datasets as well as avenues for the development of XC functionals with enhanced performance, thereby enabling the accelerated discovery and design of new materials.

Enhanced Room-Temperature NO2 Sensing through Deep Functional Group Hybridization in Nitrogen-Doped Monolayer Ti3C2Tx.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a significant environmental and human health hazard. Current NO2 sensors often lack sensitivity and selectivity under ambient conditions. This study investigates ammonia pyrolysis modification of monolayer Ti3C2Tx MXene to enhance NO2 detection at room temperature. Nitrogen-doped Ti3C2Tx demonstrates a substantial improvement in sensitivity, with a response of 8.87% to 50 ppm of NO2 compared to 0.65% for the original sensor, representing a 13.8-fold increase. The nitrogen-doped sensor also exhibits superior selectivity and linearity for NO2 under ambient conditions. Theoretical analysis shows that nitrogen incorporation promotes enhanced interaction between Ti3C2Tx and its surface oxygen-containing functional groups through electronic hybridization, resulting in improved adsorption energy (1.80 |eV|) and electron transfer efficiency (0.67 |e|) for NO2, thereby enhancing its gas-sensing performance. This study highlights the potential of ammonia pyrolysis-treated Ti3C2Tx MXene for advancing NO2 sensor technologies with heightened performance at room temperature.

Electronic interaction between sub-nanometric Ru entity and TiO2 support regulates the hydrogenation chemistry for selective C-O bond cleavage

Selective C-O bond cleavage without ring saturation is the pillar pursuit in the hydrotreating process for lignin valorization/depolymerization since it avoids the consumption of excessive hydrogen. In this work, the sub-nanometric cluster and nanometric particle of Ru were supported on TiO2 for the hydrogenolysis of C-O bond in aromatic ether. The experimental and theoretical results reveal that, in the catalyst of larger Ru nanoparticles, less electron transfer occurs from individual Ru atom to TiO2, making the Ru-related domains retain the nature of bulky Ru for deep hydrogenation. Sub-nanometric Ru cluster shows more intense electron transfer for individual Ru atom, leading to a stronger modification to Ru domain by TiO2. Such electronic hybridization makes Ru gain the catalytic property of TiO2 to attenuate the activation of aromatic ring, inhibiting ring saturation with maintained C-O cleavage activity. This work implies that further decrease of Ru entity size to single-atom level may achieve the complete inhibition of ring saturation.

Reaction mechanism of CO2 on the surface δ-Pu(1 0 0):a DFT study

This investigation elucidates the adsorptive and dissociative interactions of CO2 and CO molecules with the δ-Pu (100) surface, utilizing state-of-the-art first-principles calculations. The study unearths that the hollow site epitomizes the most favorable adsorption locus for both CO2 and CO. Within the paramount adsorption configuration, there prevails a propensity for both species to partake in dissociative adsorption, characterized by CO2 cleaving into an O atom and a concomitant CO moiety, whereas CO disintegrates into discrete C and O atoms. The dissociation energy barriers conducive to such configurations are computed to be 3.0568 eV for CO2 and 5.1667 eV for CO. A thorough analysis of electronic charges and density of states intimates a transfer of electrons from the Plutonium surface atoms to the carbonaceous adsorbates during dissociation. Post dissociation of the C-O bond, the 6d orbitals of Plutonium engage in electronic hybridization with the 2p orbitals of Carbon, culminating in the constitution of ionic bonding.

A new look at metal–carbon hybrids: Molecular-scale study of covalently grafted gold

The reliable integration of new nanocarbons in future molecular and hybrid electronics requires mastery of chemical binding between dissimilar materials down to the individual bond. Here, we present a detailed study of covalent grafting of aryl radicals on single crystal Au(111), and investigate their electrochemical stability and oxidative desorption. Copper underpotential deposition and Gaussian deconvolution of its current–potential trace are used to map the thermodynamic and kinetic landscape of the modified Au surface. Scanning tunnelling microscopy in a high-boiling organic solvent suggests that grafting is accompanied by vacancy island formation on the Au surface, while iodide adsorption heals these vacancies and allows high-contrast imaging of individual covalent grafts.

Condition Monitoring System: A Flexible Hybrid Electronics Approach for Sealed Container Applications

A comparative study is presented between two advanced flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) systems designed for monitoring temperature within storage containers across various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, automotive, and defense. The first system, a copper-flex system (CFS), employs an 88.9 µm polyimide substrate with 35 µm thick copper traces, coated with a 12.5 µm polyimide solder mask. The second system, a printed-flex system (PFS), utilizes a 127 µm polyimide substrate with high-temperature resistance and tensile strength. Conductive silver ink was screen-printed on the PFS substrate, and electronic components including a temperature sensor were attached. Functional and reliability tests were performed to check the accuracy and durability of the temperature sensor. Further, environmental and mechanical characterizations including moisture and insulation resistance, corrosion, elongation, bending, and terminal bond strength tests were performed based on ASTM and IPC-TM650 standards. Moisture and insulation resistance test on the PFS test coupons without a coating layer indicated stable resistance of approximately 18 MΩ, while permanent color change indicated oxidation of copper on uncoated CFS test coupons. After 72 hours of corrosion test, both the CFS and PFS “meander line” test coupons covered with polyimide showed negligible change in weight and resistance, approximately 0.35%. A Young’s modulus of 7.17 GPa and 2.6 GPa was calculated from the elongation test for the CFS and PFS, respectively. Bending tests on PFS revealed negligible average resistance change (0.1%) during 180° bending cycles, while no impact was recorded on the CFS. During the terminal bond strength test, soldered wires detached from the CFS test coupons at an average force of 43 N, while it was 3.8 N on the PFS test coupons. Both systems with polyimide coating layer demonstrate robustness and reliability for diverse applications in various industries.

A Novel Method of Incorporating CNT into Additive Manufacturing Electronics Dielectric Material

Flexible Hybrid Electronics (FHE) Parts that are additively manufactured give engineers and designers greater flexibility in geometry, complexity, and variety or customizability. In this work, UV curable dielectric materials for additive electronics and incorporated Carbon Nano Tubes (CNTs) within a formulated UV/LED curable matrix was used. It will be shown that inkjet printing CNT mixture in specific manner with a commercial UV curable dielectric improves mechanical and thermal properties of the final dielectric compared to the dielectric without the CNT mixture, including a significant decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion, while keeping excellent electrical properties.