Electron Beam Recording Research Articles

Comparison of binary encoding schemes for electron-beam fabrication of computer generated holograms

The suitability of various binary encoding methods for electron-beam recording of computer generated holograms is systematically evaluated. Subjected to the limitations of computing resources, a set of criteria is established according to which these encoding schemes are evaluated and compared. This comparison can be used to determine the optimum encoding method for desired wavefront properties.

Recording a binary computer-generated hologram on a thermoplastic film

A computer-generated hologram was recorded on a thermoplastic film using an electron-beam recording device. The hologram was a binary one of detour phase type and of surface relief type. A bright image was reconstructed from the recorded hologram.

Construction of a holographic deblurring filter using a thermoplastic film

A holographic filter for the restoration of images blurred by linear motion was recorded on a thermoplastic film using an electron beam recording device. In the recording device, a microprocessor was used to make the filter by compensating for the nonlinearity of the thermoplastic film, and the development of the film was correctly controlled by using the light diffracted from it. The diffraction efficiency of the realized filter agreed well with the theoretical function of the filter.

Stabilization for development of thermoplastic film in electron beam recording

A method for stabilization in development of thermoplastic film is proposed. The method is applied to an electron beam recording system and its usefulness is confirmed experimentally. By using this method, the characteristic curve of a thermoplastic film is correctly measured and a one dimensional, first-order differentiation filter of the phase hologram type is made of the film.

Characteristics and Sensitization of Free Radical Sensitive Materials on Electron Beam Recording

Characteristics and Sensitization of Free Radical Sensitive Materials on Electron Beam Recording

Inspection of complete VLSI chips with a high resolution image recording system and large area SEM

This paper presents results that have been obtained from an electron-beam recording system that has been coupled to a large area coverage SEM and used for the inspection of VLSI chips with areas up to 5×5 mm. The recording system is capable of copying 10 000×10 000 picture points over negative areas of 50×50 mm in 50 s. In order to utilize fully the resolution capability of the recording system the SEM must also have a similar performance. To this end and SEM with post-final lens single deflection has been used to generate 10 000×10 000 picture point images of VLSI chips. These images have been copied onto photographic film using the scanning recording system. The advantages of the recording system lie in its ability to copy the images of complete chips with micron and submicron feature sizes directly onto photographic film in a single scan and in the relative ease with which the system can be linked to an SEM.

The Videodisk as a Means of Transferring a Video Picture onto Motion-Picture Film

An enumeration is made of the diverse procedures that can be used for the transfer to film of video images coming from diverse original sources. The difficulties of kinescope recording, such as the need for very fast pull-down and shutter-closed periods and the shortcomings of recordings from a single shadow-mask color tube or from triplets of filtered monochrome tubes are briefly mentioned. The basics of direct electron-beam recording on film in a vacuum, as devised by the 3M Company, are succinctly described. Also described are the principles of laser-beam recording on film, a concept developed by CBS. The difficulties arising from the different frame rates established by European and US television standards and from the further different frame-rate standard for motion-picture film are analyzed and exemplified. A new approach to video-to-film transfer is then proposed, namely, the use of the videodisk as a source for this purpose. Greater flexibility is achieved, as the videodisk may be scanned in a number of free-style modes (freeze frame, jump, reverse, etc.), thus permitting easy matching of frame rates, shutter-closed times, and frame suppression where needed. It is concluded that the mechanical complications inherent to tape-to-film transfer are greatly reduced when using the videodisk as a source.

4037. Matrix lens electron-beam recording systems. (USA): H G Parks,J Vac Sci Technol, 15 (3), 1978, 1035–1038

4037. Matrix lens electron-beam recording systems. (USA): H G Parks,J Vac Sci Technol, 15 (3), 1978, 1035–1038

Co (III) 錯体と1-(2-ピリジルアゾ)-2-ナフトールを含む電子線記録材料

Co (III) 錯体と1-(2-ピリジルアゾ)-2-ナフトールを含む電子線記録材料

Matrix lens electron-beam recording systems

State-of-the-art achievements of matrix lens recording systems are presented in this paper. Also the primary beam limiting aberrations and physical constraints of matrix lens electron-beam recording systems are discussed. A new concept in matrix lens optics, known as the short focus plus relay with improved performance over conventional matrix lens systems is presented. Analytical projections of the beam current and spot size for this configuration are shown indicating significant performance improvements in matrix lens capabilities. Preliminary experimental data for the short focus plus relay matrix optics is presented.

The Coloration of a Benzospiran Compound due to an Electron Bombardment

Abstract1,3,3-Trimethylindolino-6’-nitrobenzopyrylspiran (spiran) in a polymcr matrix is reversibly changed to two coloured spccies by an electron beam bombardment (cathodochromism). It is similar to photochromism. The major species due to the bombardment appears to be the same as the photoproduct. The other is produced only by the bombardment and is closely related to the polymer. Unlike the case of photoreaction, all components of the specimen are affected by bombarded electrons. Therefore the minor product is thought to be formed by a rcaction between the major one and a compound liberated from the matrix; moreover it is more stable than the major one. Owing to the formation of the minor product, the spiran-polymer matrix system is not. Suitablw for an erasable and reusable electron beam recording medium, but it is rather promising for permanent rccording use.

Electron Beam Recording by Using Metallic Nitrates

Electron Beam Recording by Using Metallic Nitrates

Recent Advances in Electron Beam Recording

This article describes recent advances in electron-beam recorders (EBR) which utilize the inherent flexibility of electron beams and computer control for a variety of applications such as remote sensor imagery, computer micrographics, microelectronics, and other high resolution digital and analog imagery. These advanced electron beam recorders can be used on-line with computers or remote sensors, or off-line with analog or digital magnetic tape inputs, in a variety of scanning modes using computer control.

A Short History of Television Recording: Part II

This is a survey of television recording from 1955 to 1970. The history begins with the kinescope recording era, both in monochrome and color, and continues with the introduction of the first commercial magnetic videotape recorder by Ampex in April 1956. It describes the first helical-scan videotape recorder introduced by Toshiba in Japan in Sept. 1959, and it details progress made to improve videotape quality culminating in the adoption of new “high-band” recording standards in 1964. The field of stop-, slow- and reverse-motion magnetic disc recorders is surveyed. The history describes progress made in thermoplastic and electron-beam recording in a vacuum; high-speed magnetic contact printing is discussed. The resurgence of color kinescope recording as a means of producing electronic motion pictures is narrated. The cassette/cartridge revolution is covered from the introduction of the CBS EVR system to the Teldec method of video playback from a phonograph disc.

Electron beam image recorder

A new electron beam recording medium is reported. The medium is well suited for use in a high resolution recorder with near-real-time display capability. The development time can be less than 1 s. Black-on-white images are produced on the opaque tape with a contrast of 15:1 by exposure with 1 × 1011electrons/cm2for a peak density of 1.3. The resolution of the medium exceeds 500 line pairs/mm, and the granularity is very low. Another feature of the medium allows the recorded information to be read out directly from the tape with a scanning electron beam. The latent image is produced by a process termed nucleation. Electron bombardment of the tape produces nucleation sites which are extremely favorable deposition sites for metal vapor atoms. Development takes place in the vacuum, immediately after electron beam recording, by selectively depositing a thin metal film which forms the image. The developed image is permanent and does not degrade under further electron beam bombardment or high intensity projection lamps. Recordings of 945-line television with a 20 MHz bandwidth have been made with an electron beam recorder, which was constructed for evaluating the media. An opaque projector was also constructed for projecting 35 mm images from the tape to a large screen display.

Analysis of Trapezoid Distortion due to Charge-Up in Electron Beam Recording

Rectangular patterns recorded by an electron beam upon a photographic plate are distorted into trapezoid shape because of the charge accumulated onto the recording plate. The distortion is theoretically analysed under various conditions with computer calculation. Computed values are compared with experimental values. They agree fairly well. The accelerating voltage is from 15 to 25 kV and the beam current is from 1 to 2 nA. The distortion depends upon accelerating voltage, charge density on a recorded line, scanning time for the line, length of the line, pitch of the recorded lines and a discharge time constant for the accumulated charge. The discharge time is closely related with the leak resistance and the stray capacitance of recording medium.

Color Electronic Video Recording

Electronic Video Recording® (EVR), a system whereby prerecorded audio-video programs may be played through standard television receivers, is described in detail. — Color and monochrome media are compatible on EVR, that is, a color EVR cartridge can be played on a monochrome EVR player and a monochrome cartridge will yield a black-and-white image on a color receiver. Recorded programs are stored in EVR cartridges, measuring 7 inches in diameter, 0.5 inches thick, with a large center hole. The cartridge contains 25 minutes (750 feet) of color video signal using two video tracks, one for luminance information and the other for color. Monochrome programs use only one track at a time, hence the duration would be 50 minutes maximum. The video signal is exposed onto a photographic base (8.75 mm wide and 3-mil thick). The audio signal is recorded on two narrow magnetic stripes on each side of the EVR film. A special high-resolution silver halide film provides an essential interface between the electron beam recording, printing, and playback processes. — The electron beam recorder (EBR) consists of three sections, all under vacuum, plus their requisite circuitry: the film magazine, the film transport, and the electron gun. The master film is recorded by direct electronography. — With each pass of the master film, the wet-gate multiple-head EVR printer produces 16 color programs together with magnetic soundtracks. Film processing is accomplished in black-and-white continuous film developing machines, with special attention given to uniformity of processing and control of granularity. Diazo film has been investigated and found experimentally suitable for EVR duplication printing. A lead from the EVR player is easily attached by handclips to the external antenna terminals of the television set. Then the film cartridge is placed on the player, the television set turned on to a channel that is not broadcasting, and the player starter button pushed. — sThe film automatically threads itself past an electronic sensor that converts the film image to electrical impulses, and then transmits these impulses — along with the sound — into the television set.

Liquid crystal media for electron beam recording

A new concept for a recording device providing real-time multicolor images is demonstrated using liquid crystal materials which exhibit color changes resulting from changes in the impressed electrostatic field. Signal intensities are presented as colors rather than as optical densities, with red corresponding to the lowest level and blue corresponding to the highest signal level. Using an appropriate liquid crystal medium, electron beam recording with subsequent storage, optical readout, and electron beam erasure are demonstrated with the achievement of the following characteristics: 1) resolution and contrast steps are equal to those obtained from a Vidicon 2) storage times of minutes are shown 3) writing and erasing are accomplished in one television frame, or 1/30 second.

Liquid-crystal media for electron-beam recording

Liquid-crystal media for electron-beam recording

Electron beam recording in SiO2with direct read-out using the electron beam induced current at a p-n junction

A method is briefly described for direct read-out of information written in SiO 2 films by a finely focused scanning electron beam. The technique utilizes the electron beam induced current collected at a p-n junction. Preliminary results are presented and discussed.