Radiation sterilization by the electron beam (EB) method is of increasing interest since the advent of EB machines of true industrial reliability. These new accelerators have two distinct applications areas in the sterilization field: in-line sterilization of individual devices or intermediate packages at about 1–4 MV as part of the manufacturing process, and terminal sterilization shipping cases at 4–12 MeV. Penetration and dose rate considerations are discussed; examples of both applications are presented; means of computing thru-put are covered as well as general economics. Aspects of installation, shielding, conveyors and process control are discussed briefly.