Attenuation Of Electromagnetic Waves Research Articles

Attenuation of electromagnetic waves in an unmagnetized collisionless plasma by particle-in-cell method

Attenuation of electromagnetic waves in an unmagnetized collisionless plasma by particle-in-cell method

Tunable and enhanced microwave absorption properties by adjusting the distribution of Co/CoFe embedded into the carbon nanohorns and graphene microspheres

Designing unique structures of magnetic particle/carbon composites with multiple heterogeneous interfaces is an effective strategy for improving the properties of microwave absorption. Herein, hierarchical spacing arrangements for Co@carbon nanohorns and Co@graphene microspheres (Co@CNHs/G) with N enrichment were synthesized by a simple self-assembly method. As a result, Co@CNHs/G exhibited excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance, and its reflection loss (RL) values of − 44.72 dB and − 41.39 dB at the C band had thicknesses of 2.9 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively. Additionally, the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) was 5.7 GHz at 1.4 mm. More importantly, the distribution of metal nanoparticles into CNHs and graphene microspheres were adjusted by forming the CoFe alloy embedded into CNHs and graphene microspheres during arc discharge process. Consequently, the frequency of RL ≤ −40.00 dB was from the C band to the X band by changing the multiple scattering paths, and the corresponding thickness for the minimum RL (−40.00 dB) was 1.8 mm. The outstanding electromagnetic absorbing performance was mainly attributed to the enhanced dielectric loss involving interfacial polarization derived from multiple heterogeneous interfaces, dipolar polarization induced by N-doping, and defects in the CNHs and graphene. In addition, multiple complex scattering paths can further improve the attenuation of electromagnetic waves.

Effect of copper sulfide nanosphere shell on microstructure and microwave absorption properties of cobalt ferrite/carbon nanotube composites

Copper sulfide/cobalt ferrite/multi-walled carbon nanotube (CuS/CoFe2O4/MWCNT) microwave absorbing composites were prepared using a one-step hydrothermal method. The MWCNTs serve as skeletons with small CoFe2O4 spheres and CuS nanoparticles attached to the surface, developing a tube-sphere microstructure. We observed that CoFe2O4 connects MWCNTs and CuS by forming the C-O and S-O covalent bonds, respectively. CuS plays an important role in the adjustment of electromagnetic parameters, i.e., increasing the electromagnetic wave attenuation capacity and decreasing the characteristic impedance. The optimized composite exhibits good microwave absorption properties with a maximum microwave absorption bandwidth of 5.26 GHz at the matching thickness of 1.77 mm. In particular, the minimum reflection loss of the composite can reach − 58.74 dB at 17.52 GHz with the matching thickness of 4.64 mm, showing a great application prospect in the field of high-frequency electromagnetic wave absorption, e.g., in the Ku band range. The theoretical calculations demonstrate that the electronic structure of the material has changed in the presence of CuS. The energy barrier for electron transfer is reduced, promoting the formation of a specific charge transfer channel, which strengthens the microwave absorption properties of the composites.

주파수 응답 함수를 적용한 소형 무인 잠수정 진동 특성에 관한 연구

This paper presents the study about the frequency response function of small unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) based on the experiment in air condition. As the UUV has been widely used in scientific, military, and commercial areas, it is also important to gather the information in an underwater environment for autonomous operation. Only sonar systems that use sound waves can be used in underwater environments due to the strong attenuation of electromagnetic waves in them. Since the vibration of UUV is usually transferred through the inner space of UUV body, the transferred vibration can affect the performance of various sonar systems that equip the UUV such as side-scan sonar or forward-looking sonar. Therefore, it necessary to predict the effect of the transferred vibration of the UUV for high level autonomous operation. In this paper, an experimental study was carried out to analyze a vibration feature of a small real UUV in the air condition using frequency response function and the experimental results are presented.

Wideband radar cross-section reduction using plasma-based checkerboard metasurface

For stealth technology, in order to overcome the limitations of thin-layer plasma for electromagnetic waves attenuation and further broaden the radar cross-section (RCS) reduction (RCSR) band of the metasurface, the plasma-based checkerboard metasurface composed of plasma and checkerboard metasurface is investigated to achieve better RCSR. We designed a checkerboard metasurface which can achieve abnormal reflection to reduce RCS and whose −10 dB RCSR bandwidth is from 8.1 to 14.5 GHz, the RCSR principle of it lies in the backscattering cancellation, which depends on the phase difference of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) units. The designed plasma-based checkerboard metasurface is a thin composite structure, including a checkerboard metasurface, a plasma layer, and an air gap which is between them. Full wave simulations confirm that the plasma-based checkerboard metasurface’s ‒10 dB RCS reduction bandwidth and RCS reduction amplitude, are both increased under different polarized waves compared with the only single plasma or the only metasurface. We also introduced the reason and mechanism of the interaction between plasma and the checkerboard metasurface to improve the RCSR effect in detail. As plasma-based checkerboard metasurface does not need the plasma to be too thick for plasma stealth, its application in practical scenarios is easier to implement.

Electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption properties of cementitious building composites containing MnZn ferrite: Preferable effective bandwidth and thickness via iron and graphite addition

Long-term EM radiation seriously affects human physical and mental health. MnZn ferrite can improve the microwave absorbing property of cementitious composites, while obvious shortcomings are narrow effective bandwidth and large thickness. In this work, the intensified effects of metallic iron and graphite powders addition on the magnetic properties, impedance matching, EM wave attenuation, and reflection loss (RL) of cementitious composites containing MnZn ferrite were investigated by VSM and VNA. The phase composition, microstructure, and hydration of the composites were analysed by XRD, XPS, SEM–EDS, and FTIR analyses to explore the relationship between the physicochemical properties and EM properties. The favorable EM wave absorption of composites lies in the magnetic loss and dielectric loss with the addition of iron and graphite powder. MnZn ferrite and iron powder addition can effectively improve the dissipation of electric energy and magnetic energy, and reduce the “superior” thickness range (STR) of the composites. 3% iron powder addition can decrease the STR from over 17.3 mm to 9.4–16.3 mm. Taking the thickness of 11.5 mm as an example, the minimum RL and the mean RL of the composite were reduced by 101.3% and 13.2%, respectively, while the effective bandwidth (RL < − 10 dB) was increased from 1.78 GHz to 2.61 GHz. 3% graphite addition decreased the minimum RL of the composite containing both MnZn ferrite and iron powder from −35.3 dB to −43.9 dB at a thickness of 11.5 mm. Meanwhile, the mechanical strength of cementitious composites is sufficient to satisfy the requirements in most building applications.

Space-confined fabrication of hydrophobic magnetic carbon nanofibers for lightweight and enhanced microwave absorption

Advanced microwave absorbers (MAs) containing magnetic particles and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have raised widespread attention in the rapid popularization of electronic communication equipment. However, it is quite challenging to control the growth of magnetic particles in CNFs to improve electromagnetic waves (EMWs) loss and attenuation. Herein, a novel space-confined strategy was adopted to develop Co/CoO/SiO2/CNFs, in which Co/CoO nanoparticles (NPs) with single domain size and dispersed distribution could achieve enhanced magnetic loss and dielectric loss. The introduction of nano-SiO2 in the system could enhance the dielectric confinement effect of the nanofibers (NFs), while an interfacial confinement network could also be constructed to realize the refinement of Co/CoO NPs, enhance the electromagnetic (EM) loss, and ultimately ameliorate the microwave absorption performance of as-obtained NFs. When the additive amount of nano-SiO2 in the spinning solution was 1.0 mg, the as-prepared Co/CoO/SiO2/CNFs reached the optimal reflection loss (RL) of −52.9 dB at 12.64 GHz with a thickness of 2.5 mm, and the effective bandwidth (EBW) reached 5.67 GHz (10.46–16.13 GHz). Furthermore, the excellent hydrophobic properties of the CNFs endow them with potential self-cleaning function. The confinement strategy proposed in this work lays a foundation for the design of low-filling ratio and high-performance CNFs-based microwave absorbers, and presents a general approach for the synthesis of one-dimensional composite materials with controllable structures.

Segregated structure of poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) composites loaded with polyaniline@carbon nanotube hybrids with enhanced microwave absorbing properties

Polyaniline@carbon nanotube (PAni@CNT) hybrid with electrical conductivity of 5.2 S/cm was successfully prepared by inverted emulsion polymerization of aniline in the presence of CNT dispersed in toluene assisted by cetyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Conductive composites based on poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDFH) loaded with different amounts of PAni and PAni@CNT were prepared by dry-blending the powders in a ball-mill followed by hot compression molding. This procedure resulted in a segregated structure of the fillers, as indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composite with 10 wt% of PAni@CNT (9.5: 0.5 wt%) hybrid exhibited electrical conductivity near 10−3 S/m and outstanding electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuation. Indeed, reflection loss (RL) of − 34 dB (more than 99.9% EMW attenuation) at 11.7 GHz and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) frequency with RL < −10 dB (more than 90% EMW attenuation) corresponding to 7.3 GHz were observed for this composition with thickness of 3 mm. A comparative analysis of measured and calculated RL was conducted. Considering the simple and cost effective preparation procedure, these composites loaded with 5 wt% and 10 wt% of the hybrid material are promising alternatives for developing efficient microwave absorbing material for both military and civil applications.

Enhanced dielectric and electrostatic energy density of electronic conductive organic-metal oxide frameworks at ultra-high frequency

High-density energy materials comprise high dielectric strength, and rapid charge transport leads to improved microwave absorbance, maximum electromagnetic wave (EM) attenuation, and wideband characteristics. This work exhibits hierarchical polyaniline (PANI) functionalized polycrystalline hybrid units. Comprehensive band structures, increased electron conduction, high charge polarization, and definite EM wave absorption could be tuned by the featured morphologies. Filler material's (RGO/ZnO) intercalated structures have substantial free space volume. It could facilitate notable dielectric permittivity (∼2562 F m−1), give rise to higher charge polarization and excellent charge storage performance (∼112 F). This electrostatic charge proficiency could recognize with generous electron density corresponding to stimulated surface charge density (σs, ∼8.66×103 C m−2). Quality factor (Q) of 0.056 (∼ 7.1×106Hz) with minimized losses attributed to higher energy density (Ue, ∼1530 J cm−3) at low electric field strength ∼ 450 V m−1, which could resemble a variable Ue performance at lower to a higher percolation threshold voltage. Incorporated ZnO and RGO nanostructures are well organized, with the PANI matrix providing good interfacial adhesion. It significantly raises the EM wave losses (– 28 dB) of ∼0.300 mm thick specimen at ∼ 18.42 GHz. We envisioned that the multifunctional response of the PANI-RGO-ZnO 2:1 hybrid might manifest potential energy storage and microwave absorption as electrode materials that may be useful in solid-state devices used in modern communication systems.

Constructing ohmic contact on hollow carbon nanocages to enhance conduction loss enabling high-efficient microwave absorption

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) derived carbon materials have attracted much attention as hopeful electromagnetic microwave absorbents. However, the poor impedance matching and high filler content severely limited its electromagnetic absorption application. The introduction of hollow structural engineering is beneficial to improving microwave absorption performance. Herein, we designed and constructed Ni-incorporated hollow N-doped carbon nanocages (Ni/NCNs) to reveal interfacial charge transfer in electromagnetic wave attenuation. The hollow carbon structure facilitates impedance matching, highly dispersive Ni nanoparticles not only build a dense magnetic coupling network but also generate a series of Ohmic contact heterogeneous interfaces with hollow NCNs, extremely accelerating the charge transfer and enhancing conduction loss. Thanks to hollow structure, optimized impedance matching, and abundant Ohmic contact heterogeneous interfaces, the Ni50/NCNs exhibit a minimum reflection loss of −57.3 dB. The results demonstrate that Ni50/NCNs composites have great potential to be considered efficient electromagnetic wave materials, and the designed Ohmic contact heterogeneous interfaces pave the way in the study of electromagnetic wave absorption mechanisms.

Constructing MoSe2/MoS2 and MoS2/MoSe2 inner and outer-interchangeable flower-like heterojunctions: A combined strategy of interface polarization and morphology configuration to optimize microwave absorption performance

Interfacial polarization and geometrical morphology play a significant role in the attenuation of electromagnetic (EM) wave. Herein, the two-dimensional (2D)/2D heterojunction with flower-like geometrical morphology is proposed and produced, which may simultaneously provide a large contact area for achieving strong interfacial polarization and activates more sites for the possible multiple EM wave reflection and scattering. By adopting a simple two-step hydrothermal method, MoSe2/MoS2and MoS2/MoSe2 inner and outer-interchangeable heterojunctions consisting of 2D MoSe2 and MoS2 nanosheets with flower-like geometrical morphology were successfully synthesized. The results revealed that the hydrothermal temperatures significantly impacted the flower-like geometrical morphology and MoS2 content. By optimizing the microstructures, the designed MoSe2/MoS2 and MoS2/MoSe2 heterojunctions presented enhanced comprehensive EM wave absorption properties (EMWAPs), possessing strong absorption capability, wide absorption bandwidth and thin matching thicknesses. Generally, this work demonstrates that the optimized EMWAPs of designed heterojunctions mainly originate from the special interfaces and morphology configuration, which also paves a new way for the designing and synthesis of transition metal dichalcogenides-based heterojunction as a novel and desirable candidate for high-performance microwave absorbers.

Multi-interface Assembled N-Doped MXene/HCFG/AgNW Films for Wearable Electromagnetic Shielding Devices with Multimodal Energy Conversion and Healthcare Monitoring Performances.

With the progressive requirements of modern electronics, outstanding electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials are extensively desirable to protect intelligent electronic equipment against EMI radiation under various conditions, while integrating functional applications. So far, it remains a great challenge to effectively construct thin films with diversiform frameworks as integrated shielding devices. To simultaneously promote electromagnetic waves (EMWs) attenuation and construct integrated multifunction, an alternating-layered deposition strategy is designed to fabricate polydimethylsiloxane packaged N-doped MXene (Ti3CNTx)/graphene oxide wrapped hollow carbon fiber/silver nanowire films (p-LMHA) followed by annealing and encapsulation approaches. Contributed by the synergistic effect of consecutively conductive networks and porous architectures, LMHA films exhibit satisfying EMI shielding effectiveness of 73.2 dB at a thickness of 11 μm, with a specific EMI shielding effectiveness of 31 150.1 dB·cm2·g-1. Benefiting from the encapsulation, p-LMHA films further impart hydrophobicity and reliability against harsh environments. Besides, p-LMHA devices integrate a rapid-response behavior of the electro/photothermal and, meanwhile, function as a healthcare monitoring sensor. Therefore, it is believed that the p-LMHA films assembled by independent conductive networks with reliability offer a facile solution for practical multimodular protection of devices with integration characteristics.

Determination of Q-factor of Transmission Ground- Penetrating Radar Waves in Attenuating Media

Electromagnetic wave attenuation in a medium is the primary parameter for interpreting Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) data. This attenuation manifests in wave energy absorption and velocity dispersion, which have different behavior depending on the rock type. Knowledge of the attenuation behavior of GPR waves in distinct media is, therefore, a success key to distinguishing rock types. The Q that is inversely proportional to the absorption coefficient represents its attenuation behavior. To observe the attenuation behavior of rocks, we conducted two different stages. The first stage is simulated the attenuation behavior by creating synthetic traces as a convolution between the wavelet and the corresponding impulse response. A Q-constant model and Futterman's velocity dispersion were used for the impulse response calculation. In the second stage, Q was determined using three different Q determination methods: the amplitude decay method, the spectral ratio method, and the Equivalent Bandwidth (EBW) method. Our research shows that due to the absorption, the wave amplitude becomes lower with increasing distance at the same Q, while at the same distance, its wavelength is longer, and its amplitude becomes low. The longer the distance at the same Q value, the narrower is the bandwidth of the transmission signals. We got a similar result with a small Q at the same distance length. At the same time, its peak frequency shifted to lower frequencies. Moreover, the applicability of the three methods for the determination of Q was investigated and tested on field transmission data acquired at the test field in the Reiche-Zeche Mine Shaft near Freiberg in Germany. Our investigation result shows that the three Q-methods were successfully applied to field transmission data resulting in comparable Q values ranging from 31 to 36 for gneiss rocks.

Negative permittivity and negative magnetic susceptibility of polypyrrole nanorings/carbon nanotubes multi-dimensional metacomposites in the radiowave frequency range

Metacomposites with negative electromagnetic properties are promising candidates for thin-film capacitors, wearable cloaks, and electromagnetic wave attenuation. In contrast to the complicated preparation procedures of traditional structural metamaterials, a two-dimensional (2D) polypyrrole nanoring (PPy NR) was constructed employing a facile soft template method. Negative permittivity and negative magnetic susceptibility were simultaneously observed in two-dimensional PPy loop structure and carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/PPy NR multi-dimensional composite materials, these properties exhibited significant dependence on the microstructures. The two-dimensional loop structure that contributed to the negative magnetic susceptibility could be conveniently adjusted through the morphology of the soft template. The conductive networks formed by PPy NRs and MWCNTs appeared to promote the apparent negative permittivity as well as negative electromagnetic properties within 100 MHz-1 GHz. The study of the structural design not only provided a novel approach for the realization of negative permittivity, but also offered a new design paradigm for negative magnetic susceptibility metacomposites. • PPy NRs with 2D loop-shaped microstructure were constructed employing a facile soft template method. • The 2D loop structure was conducive to the generation of negative permittivity and negative magnetic susceptibility due to their innate character of possessing many conductive loops. • Simultaneous negative permittivity and negative magnetic susceptibility properties were observed.

Metal-organic framework-derived CoSn/NC nanocubes as absorbers for electromagnetic wave attenuation

Metal-organic framework-derived composites have been widely used in electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption, but the traditional synthetic strategy greatly limits the structure and species of MOFs. This research provided a solvent-free method to synthesize Co-MOF and its derivatives. Using CoSnO3 as the precursor, the preparation of Co-MOF is achieved by bridging the cobalt (II) ion of CoSnO3 and the 2-methylimidazole skeleton. The CoSn/N-doped carbon (CoSn/NC) composites derived from CoSnO3-MOF (Co-MOF with CoSnO3 as Co source) retain the original morphology of CoSnO3. Besides, the polarization effect produced by the N-doped carbon layers also benefits the excellent EMW absorption performance of the CoSn/NC composites. It is reflected in the minimum reflection loss (RL) of -48.2 dB at 2.2 mm and the effective bandwidth (EBA) of 5.84 GHz. This work provides a new channel to the construction of Co-MOFs, which could be extended to other Co-based oxides and vastly expand the species of MOFs based on metallic Co.

Photothermal-thermoelectric composite film with excellent self-healing and low temperature resistance properties for electromagnetic wave shielding and absorption

Photothermal-thermoelectric composite film rarely has been designed as high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) shielding and absorbing materials with desirable ability of solar energy utilization, and the harsh environment resistance of the film has never been elucidated. Herein, excellent photothermal-thermoelectric polydimethylsiloxane/single-walled carbon nanotube@Fe3O4 film is assembled for the first time, owning superior EMW attenuation, self-healing and low temperature resistance by synergistically manipulating multiple factors, such as compositions, structures and morphologies. It is found that the optimized composite film delivered a strong absorption of −60.8 dB with an effective absorption band of 3 GHz (8.2–11.2 GHz) and small thickness (2.79 mm) in X-band, while single-walled carbon nanotube with extremely low content of 0.08 wt% and prepared nanocage-like Fe3O4 are employed to compound with polydimethylsiloxane matrix. And noticeable photothermal effect and thermoelectric effect with p/n-type are simultaneously acquired via adjusting the contents of single-walled carbon nanotube, along with flexible hot-press/photo/electro-driven self-healing and low temperature resistance of −19.7 °C, making it the only indirect solar power generation EMW absorption material by photothermal and thermoelectric effect with extreme environmental tolerance. In short, this work expounds on constructing a unique highly efficient absorbing material with the capability of solar energy utilization and outstanding comprehensive performance.

Temperature induced transformation of Co@C nanoparticle in 3D hierarchical core-shell nanofiber network for enhanced electromagnetic wave adsorption

Developing high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials (EWAMs) with tunable nano-microstructures is of great significance for solving increased electromagnetic radiation pollution. Three-dimensional hierarchical networks within magnetic metal nanoparticles are promising candidates with the great balance of enhanced electromagnetic wave attenuation and impedance matching, but hard to construct. Herein, a two-step electrospinning/in-situ self-assembly strategy was employed, successfully synthesizing a 3D hierarchical core-shell NC@Co/NC nanofiber network (NC@Co/NC-900). The N-doped Carbon (NC) core fibers (diameter of ∼250 nm) built a 3D-conductive network, while the Co@C nanoparticles (diameter of ∼20 nm) embedded into N-doped Carbon (Co/NC) shell (thickness of ∼50 nm) enhanced the polarization loss and magnetic loss. More importantly, the controlled transformation of Co@C nanoparticles in the shell was realized by modulating the calcination temperature at 900 °C, showing an optimal homogeneously dispersion in a narrow particle size distribution in the range of 15–25 nm. Uniformly multiple reflection in core-shell NC@Co/NC-900 fiber network enhanced the electromagnetic wave attenuation with the optimal impedance matching, displaying excellent RLmin of −55.82 dB at 11.60 GHz and wide EAB of 7.44 GHz in a low filler loading of 15 wt %. The whole X and Ku bands could be fully covered in different thickness of 4.0 and 3.0 mm. This work presents a superior nano-micro structural design strategy on 3D hierarchical networks with multiple reflections.

Ultrahigh Density of Atomic CoFe-Electron Synergy in Noncontinuous Carbon Matrix for Highly Efficient Magnetic Wave Adsorption

HighlightsA typical 3D porous carbon sponge of CoFe@PCS exhibited the continuous distribution of nano-meso-micro-hierarchical pores in the range of 1 nm–15 μm.The ultrahigh-density distribution of the nanoscale polarized charges (+ / −) along the edges of the pores resulted in nanoscale variable capacitors.The high density of Co–Fe electromagnetic coupling on the carbon matrix, showing the enhanced electromagnetic wave attenuation.

Effective attenuation of electromagnetic waves by Ag adorned MWCNT-polybenzoxazine composites for EMI shielding application

The demand for efficient polymer nanocomposite material is ever-increasing to address the issues of electromagnetic interference (EMI) pollution in the electronics world. Materials with promising properties such as high electronic conductivities, surface area, synergistic effect, and easy processability are necessary to be designed for high-tech applications. To meet such demands, in this paper, we report the fabrication of silver (Ag) adorned COOH-MWCNT nanohybrids in polybenzoxazine (PBZ) polymers that results in good electromagnetic shielding efficiency. The efficient results have been achieved by fast and facile method using the solventless system and in-situ polymerization techniques by reinforcing the nanomaterials with polymers through step-wise curing. The incorporation of Ag-MWCNT in PBZ polymers achieved the EMI shielding value of 81 dB for 0.88 mm thickness in the X-band region. It is observed that the materials absorb 99.99% of microwave power entering into the bulk of the samples. The single-step in-situ synthesis of the prepared polymer nanocomposite and the high value of EMI shielding indicate potential applications in futuristic electronic devices.

Flexible and waterproof nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays on cotton-derived carbon fiber for electromagnetic wave absorption and electric-thermal conversion

• Flexible and waterproof NCNT arrays on carbon fiber (NCNT@CF) were fabricated. • NCNT@CF exhibited excellent EMW absorption performances. • The R L,min value and EAB 10 of NCNT@CF are − 57.8 dB and 4.5 GHz, respectively. • RCS values of the materials were simulated under real far field conditions. • NCNT@CF had flexible, waterproof, and electric-thermal conversion functions. It is highly desirable, but challenging to develop multi-functional electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing material for practical applications in some special environments. Herein, we successfully fabricated cobalt-nanoparticle-embedded N-doped carbon nanotube arrays on the carbonized cotton fiber cloth as multifunctional material with an excellent EMW absorption, flexibility, hydrophobicity, and electric-thermal performance. The excellent multifunction benefits from high conductivity, large specific surface area, abundant N dopants, and three-dimensional open porous features. Minimal reflection loss and efficient absorption bandwidth of the optimized material as EMW absorbers can reach − 57.8 dB and 4.5 GHz, respectively, which are better than most reported carbon-based absorbers. Meanwhile, theoretical simulations of the radar cross-sectional (RCS) further confirm that the multifunctional material has excellent EMW attenuation performance and potential in practical application. Moreover, the materials possess strong hydrophobicity and high electrical conductivity, endowing them with other attractive functions of self-cleaning and good electric thermal performance, which expand the potential applications range of EMW absorption materials. Our present method can be extended to design next-generation EMW absorbing materials with multifunctionalities for practical applications in harsh environments.