In this work, composites comprising VS2 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared using a simple hydrothermal method. The MWCNTs were dispersed among the VS2 nanosheets, which produced dipole polarization and interfacial polarization, thus enhancing the dielectric loss. Meanwhile, the electrical conductivity of the composites gradually increased with the rising content of the MWCNTs, which improved the electromagnetic wave absorption performance. By adjusting the mass ratio of VS2 to MWCNTs to 5:1, a minimum reflection loss value (RL) of -24.7dB was achieved with a thickness of only 1.3mm at a frequency of 14.4GHz. Besides, when the thickness was reduced to 1.2mm, the effective absorption bandwidth extended to 3.75GHz. The results suggest that impedance matching and the synergistic effect of multiple loss mechanisms contribute to the excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the materials. Consequently, the VS2/MWCNTs composites exhibit simple synthesis, wide absorption bandwidth, thin thickness, and high absorption capacity, rendering them a promising material for practical microwave absorption applications.