Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Materials Research Articles

FeNi-modified carbon nanotube arrays on silicon carbide fibers for electromagnetic wave absorption

The implementation of in situ carbon nanotube growth on fibers is regarded as a proficient strategy for enhancing the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption capabilities of the fibers. However, the introduction of magnetic properties to the fibers and the adjustment of their impedance matching still present significant challenges. In this study, the deposition of uniform arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto SiC fibers was successfully achieved through chemical vapor deposition. Subsequently, a FeNi coating was applied to the CNT arrays using the magnetron sputtering technique, as confirmed by SEM and TEM analyses. Furthermore, the SiCf/CNT@FeNi composites exhibited improved EMW absorption characteristics. With a thickness of 2.5 mm, the reflection loss was optimized, attaining an impressive value of −63.4 dB at 16.03 GHz, while the effective frequency bandwidth spanned 6.26 GHz (ranging from 11.74 to 18 GHz). Notably, the radar cross-section (RCS) was reduced by 21.64 dB m2. The enhanced EMW absorption performance of the SiCf/CNT@FeNi composites can be attributed to the incorporation of FeNi-modified CNT arrays, which effectively amplify Debye dipole polarization and optimize the impedance matching of the SiC fiber. This approach paves the way for the fabrication of EMW absorption materials exhibiting superior performance.

In-situ construction of volcanic rock-like structures in Yb2O3 modified reduced graphene oxide and their boosted electromagnetic wave absorbing properties

Creating porous structures is a practical method for enhancing the impedance matching and interfacial polarization of dielectric materials, which in turn leads to improved electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance. However, the use of nanoparticles, nanorods, and two-dimensional materials to construct a simple porous structure typically has a minor effect on the EM parameters and interface polarization. To improve impedance matching and reduce the reflection of EM waves while simultaneously enhancing interfacial polarization, a more rational structure for dielectric materials is desired. Herein, a ytterbium oxide/reduced graphene oxide (Yb2O3/rGO) composite with a volcanic rock-like structure is proposed to exhibit outstanding impedance matching and loss capacity and achieve high EM wave performance. The addition of Yb2O3 is utilized to induce the formation of porous structures with varying morphologies. Yb2O3 not only significantly improves the polarization loss but also facilitates volcanic rock-like structure construction, thus improving the EM wave performance. As a result, the Yb2O3/rGO composites with a volcanic rock-like structure exhibit outstanding EM absorption performance, including three-band absorption (C, X, and Ku bands), as evidenced by their minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −57.2 dB (equivalent to 99.9999% effective absorption) at 11.6 GHz when the matched thickness is 2.1 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.2 GHz. Simulations in the CST microwave studio further validate the benefits of the composite's unique structure, which shows a radar cross-section (RCS) reduction value of up to 38.1 dB m2. This work offers valuable insights for the development of next-generation EM wave absorption materials through the implementation of a well-designed and distinctive structure.

MXene-Layered Double Hydroxide Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposite with Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption, Thermal Conductivity, and Flame Retardancy in Electronic Packaging.

Due to the increased integration and miniaturization of electronic devices, traditional electronic packaging materials, such as epoxy resin (EP), cannot solve electromagnetic interference (EMI) in electronic devices. Thus, the development of multifunctional electronic packaging materials with superior electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA), high heat dissipation, and flame retardancy is critical for current demand. This study employs an in-situ growth method to load layered double hydroxides (LDH) onto transition metal carbides (MXene), synthesizing a novel composite material (MXene@LDH). MXene@LDH possesses a sandwich structure and exhibits excellent EMA performance, thermal conductivity, and flame retardancy. By adjusting the load of LDH, under the synergistic effect of multiple factors, such as dielectric and polarization losses, this work achieves an EMA material with a remarkable minimum reflection loss (RL) of -52.064dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.5GHz. Furthermore, MXene@LDH emerges a bridging effect in EP, namely MXene@LDH/EP, leading to a 118.75% increase in thermal conductivity compared to EP. Simultaneously, MXene@LDH/EP contributes to the enhanced flame retardancy compared to EP, resulting in a 46.5% reduction in the total heat release (THR). In summary, this work provides a promising candidate advanced electronic packaging material for high-power density electronic packaging.

Defect Engineering Activates Schottky Heterointerfaces of Graphene/CoSe2 Composites with Ultrathin and Lightweight Design Strategies to Boost Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

AbstractTo tackle the increasingly complex electromagnetic (EM) pollution environment, the application‐oriented electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials with ultra‐thin, light weight and strong tolerance to harsh environment are urgently explored. Although graphene aerogel‐based lightweight EMW absorbers have been developed, thinner thickness and more effective polarization loss strategies are still essential. Based on the theory of EMW transmission, this work innovatively proposes a high attenuation design strategy for obtaining ultra‐thin EMW absorption materials, cobalt selenide (CoSe2) is determined as animportant part of ultra‐thin absorbers. In order to obtain a dielectric parameter range that satisfies the ultra‐thin absorption characteristics and improve the lightweight properties of EMW absorption materials, a composite of CoSe2 modified N‐doped reduced graphene oxide (N‐RGO/CoSe2) is designed. Meanwhile, the controllable introduction of defect engineering into RGO can activate Schottky heterointerfaces of composites to generate a strong interfacial polarization effect, achieving ultra‐thin characteristics while significantly improving the EM loss capability. In addition, infrared thermal images and anti‐icing experiments show that the composite has good corrosion resistance, infrared stealth, and thermal insulation properties. Therefore, this work provides an effective strategy for obtaining thin‐thickness, light‐weight, and high‐performance EMW absorption materials, embodying the advantages of N‐RGO/CoSe2 composites in practical applications.

Ultralight reduced graphene oxide/SiO2–C nanofibers composite aerogel decorated with Li0.35Zn0.3Fe2.35O4 nanoparticles with a three-dimensional bridging network for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

Developing flexible, lightweight, and highly efficient electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption materials was an effective strategy for mitigating the adverse health effects of microwaves. However, synthesizing flexible wave-absorbing aerogels via a novel method is challenging. In this study, a 3D porous reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/SiO2–C nanofibers (NFs)/Li0.35Zn0.3Fe2.35O4 (LZFO) flexible composite aerogel with a crosslinked structure was synthesized via electrospinning, freeze-drying, and in situ curing. To achieve this, electrospun SiO2 and polyacrylonitrile NFs, graphene oxide (GO), and LZFO nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in an aqueous solution containing (Al(H3PO4)3) as a crosslinking agent and a crosslinked aerogel was formed by freeze-drying, pre-oxidation and carbonization. The obtained aerogels exhibited a good 3D porous structure. By introducing (Al(H3PO4)3) the cell binding force between the 0D, 1D and 2D materials was improved. Further, the introduction of SiO2 NFs reduced the brittleness of the C NFs and improved the flexibility of the aerogel. Under 60% strain, the stress reached 132 kPa, and a complete closed loop was formed. The RGO and C NFs conductive network coupled with the LZFO nanoparticles magnetic network form an ideal impedance matching. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of the RGO/SiO2–C NFs/LZFO-2 aerogel reached −55.2 dB (2.5 mm), and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) was 5.5 GHz (2 mm) to cover the entire X-band. Moreover, by adjusting the matching thickness (2–4 mm), the RLmin was below −20 dB, and more than 99% of the EMW was absorbed. This study provides a new way to develop flexible absorbent materials for human protection.

FeNi/C/TiO2 composites derived from [Fe(pz)Ni(CN)4] Hofmann framework and MXene for efficient electromagnetic absorption

Chemical composition and morphological optimization are both effective strategies for constructing excellent electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) materials. While efficient EMWA materials derived from both metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and MXenes have been extensively studied, composites derived from the Hofmann framework with MXene have not been reported. In this study, we employed a Hofmann framework ([Fe(pz)Ni(CN)4], pz = pyrazine) and MXene (Ti3C2Tx) to create new MXene@Hofmann (MH1 and MH2) composites, using a simple co-precipitation method with two different contents of [Fe(pz)Ni(CN)4]. The FeNi/C/TiO2 composites with a multi-layered structure inherited from MXene were prepared by annealing the MXene@Hofmann composites at 500, 600, and 700 °C, resulting in the formation of MH1-500/600/700 and MH2-500/600/700 composites. Their compositions, morphologies, electromagnetic parameters, and EMWA performances were characterized. For the composites with a high [Fe(pz)Ni(CN)4] content, MH2-600 has a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of −30.63 dB at a thickness of only 1.8 mm and the broadest effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 3.90 GHz at 2.0 mm, while MH2-700 exhibits superior EMWA performance with an RLmin value of −34.34 dB at 1.9 mm and an EAB value of 4.96 GHz at 2.1 mm. Their impressive EMWA performance might be attributed to the synergistic dielectric loss and magnetic loss and also the impedance matching from the reasonable ratio of the magnetic and dielectric components. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for constructing EMWA materials from the Hofmann framework and MXene.

Heterogeneous interfaces and 3D foam structures synergize to build superior electromagnetic wave absorbers

Composite of magnetic materials with two-dimensional semiconductor Mxene is a common way to design electromagnetic wave absorbing (EWA) materials, but the lack of three-dimensional (3D) structure limits its application. Here, we will select one-dimensional Co3O4 chains with mild magnetic permeability to assemble with two-dimensional Ti3C2Tx MXene lamellae and coat the Co3O4/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite on the surface of modified melamine foam skeleton by vacuum impregnation method. The melamine foam skeleton provides good mechanical properties for the composite wave-absorbing mention and contributes to the construction of Ti3C2Tx MXene conductive network. The results show that Co3O4/Ti3C2Tx/MF exhibits the minimum reflection loss (RL) intensity value of −51.31 dB at 2.4 mm matching thickness and achieves the maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.96 GHz at 2.3 mm matching thickness. The present work provides the feasibility for the preparation of highly efficient Ti3C2Tx MXene-based absorbers under low filling.

In situ-growth ultrathin hexagonal boron nitride /N-doped reduced graphene oxide composite aerogel for high performance of thermal insulation and electromagnetic wave absorption

Owing to widely used various electronic devices in the rapidly developing 5G era, electromagnetic wave pollution could not be avoided. Security risks which caused by electromagnetic wave pollution have gotten serious attention. Especially in combat environment, applied electromagnetic wave absorption materials and reduced the surface temperature of combat equipment key parts would effectively reduce the risks of radar and infrared recognition. Herein, we designed hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)/N-doped reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite aerogels with 3D parallel porous network hetero-structure for electromagnetic wave absorption and thermal insulation. The results showed that attributed to structure design, dielectric loss and optimized impedance match, h-BN/rGO composite aerogels exhibited excellent electromagnetic wave absorption and thermal insulation performance. When the matching thickness was 3.1 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth was achieved up to 10.13 GHz in 7.9–18 GHz, and the minimum reflection loss was −21.49 dB. The TGA results exhibited that the thermal decomposition temperature of rGO was 560 °C, h-BN/rGO was 674 °C, which increased by 114 °C. Infrared imaging analysis showed that the surface temperature of 10 mm thick h-BN/rGO aerogel was only 44.45 °C in external thermal environment of 200 °C, which could effectively isolate the heat to 155.55 °C. The excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance and effective heat isolation performance not only enabled the application of h-BN/rGO aerogel in the stealth materials, but also had application prospects in the thermal management field.

Self-Assembled MoS2 Cladding for Corrosion Resistant and Frequency-Modulated Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Materials from X-Band to Ku-Band.

Reasonable composition design and controllable structure are effective strategies for harmonic electromagnetic wave (EMW) adsorption of multi-component composites. On this basis, the hybrid MoS2 /CoS2 /VN multilayer structure with the triple heterogeneous interface is prepared by simple stirring hydrothermal, which can satisfy the synergistic interaction between different components and obtain excellent EMW absorption performance. Due to the presence of multiple heterogeneous interfaces, MoS2 /CoS2 /VN composites will produce strong interfacial polarization, while the defects in the sample will become the center of polarization, resulting in dipole polarization. Due to the excellent structural design of MoS2 /CoS2 /VN composite material, MoS2 /CoS2 /VN composite material not only has good conductive loss and polarization loss, but also can maintain excellent stability in simulated seawater, and enhance corrosion resistance. The MoS2 /CoS2 /VN composite with dual functions of corrosion resistant and microwave absorption achieves a minimum reflection loss (RL) of -50.48dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of up to 5.76GHz, covering both the X-band and Ku-band. Finally, this study provides a strong reference for the development of EMW absorption materials based on transition metal nitrides.

Boosting of electromagnetic wave absorption properties by multiple reinforcement mechanisms of metals in FeNi3/MoS2@NSAPC composites

The prominence of electromagnetic wave pollution problems in military construction and people development has promoted extensive research on electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials. In this paper, a multi-metal-loaded N, S co-doped carbon-based composite wave-absorbing material has been prepared and converted into FeNi3/MoS2@NSAPC through heat treatment on this basis. FeNi3 and MoS2 construct a multiple loss mechanism to enhance the N, S double-doped carbon-based wave-absorbing material, which demonstrates by the effective absorption. The EAB of FeNi3/MoS2@NSAPC is broadened, and the RLmin is improved. The results show that a RLmin = -60.66 dB obtains at a sample thickness of 1.4 mm, an absorber doping of 15 wt%, and an EAB of 5.19 GHz. This work explains the enhancement effect of metal in the “metal/heteroatom/carbon” composite system. It provides a basis for the study of Ni- or Mo-doped carbon-based wave-absorbing materials.

1D CNTs assembled MOF-derived hollow CoSe2@N-doped carbon constructed high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorbers

Optimizing impedance matching is crucial to achieve high-efficiency electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance. In this work, Hollow CoSe2@N-doped Carbon/Carbon Nanotube-x (HCSC/CNTs-x) with unique three-dimensional conduction network was synthesized by using protection etching and high-temperature selenization strategies. The conductivity of HCSC/CNTs-x was regulated by varying the content of CNTs, and the extended three-dimensional electron transport pathway resulted in enhanced conduction and multiple reflection loss, while also optimizing impedance matching. Hollow CoSe2@N-doped carbon (HCSC) further facilitates the optimization of impedance matching. The abundant heterogeneous interfaces and defects induce strong interface polarization and dipole polarization, and the multiple loss mechanisms work in concert to confer excellent EMW absorption performance to HCSC/CNTs-x. The RLmin of HCSC/CNTs-30 reaches −41.68 dB, and the EABmax is 4.92 GHz at only 2.0 mm. The design strategy of three-dimensional conduction network of HCSC/CNTs-x provides an effective way to achieve the impedance matching optimization of CoSe2-based EMW absorption materials.

Preparation of NiS/Ti3C2Tx co-doped with N and P at the covalent interface and its electromagnetic wave absorption properties

The harm of electromagnetic waves on human daily life has gradually received attention, and electromagnetic waves absorption materials have been used to address this issue. MXene, as a new type of 2D material, is a very promising electromagnetic wave absorption material. In this study, NiS nanoparticles were grown on the surface of S terminated Ti3C2Tx, and –S group acted as sulfur sources to construct Ti-S-Ni covalent interface directly in NiS/Ti3C2Tx composites. To further regulate the interface structure and electromagnetic properties, -P and -NH2 groups were also introduced onto the surface of MXene to achieve the N, P co-doping NiS/Ti3C2Tx composites with covalent interface. By investigating the electromagnetic wave absorption performance of the composites, it was found that N and P doping could effectively enhance the electron transfer rate at the interface and optimize the conduction loss, resulting in a significant improvement in performance. The minimum reflection loss was −50.6 dB at a frequency of 15.6 GHz, and the matching thickness was only 1.14 mm with an effective absorption bandwidth of 3.6 GHz. These results provide an important references and guidance for further research and development of high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials.

Toward high performance microwave absorber by implanting La0.8CoO3 nanoparticles on rGO

The advent of “intelligent era” brings our life more convenience, but the electromagnetic radiation surrounding us not only greatly threatens human health, also makes information leakage and hidden trouble to national defense security. Hence, it is very urgent to develop novel electromagnetic wave absorption materials with lightweight, strong absorption, tunable absorption frequency and broad band absorption. Herein, a novel electromagnetic wave absorber is obtained by constructing La0.8CoO3-rGO nanocomposite, where La0.8CoO3 nanoparticles are anchored on graphene nanosheets by the electrostatic interaction between GO and La0.8CoO3. The effect of hybridization ratio of La0.8CoO3 and rGO on microwave absorption properties is carefully studied. The optimal reflection loss of La0.8CoO3-rGO nanocomposite can reach -62.34 dB with the maximum effective bandwidth of 6.08 GHz, presenting 48.78% and 245.45% increment compared to bare La0.8CoO3 nanoparticles, respectively. The effective absorption bandwidth covers a broad electromagnetic wave absorption band from Ku band to the C band by tailoring thickness of the absorbers from 2.4 mm to 4.4 mm. The fascinating electromagnetic wave absorption performance is attributed to the synergy effect of La0.8CoO3 and rGO, which integrates magnetic and dielectric loss caused by resonance, conductance, relaxation, and scattering loss. This result confirms that La0.8CoO3-rGO nanocomposite is potential candidates toward high-efficiency microwave absorbers and provides a valuable pathway for designing high-performance microwave attenuation materials in the future.

Broadband electromagnetic wave absorption using pure carbon aerogel by synergistically modulating propagation path and carbonization degree

Carbon materials were widely used as electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption due to their advantages of light weight, environmental resistance and high electrical conductivity. However, conventional means were typically available by combining carbon and other materials to achieve effective absorption. Herein, a novel strategy using pure carbon aerogel with oriented structure was reported to enhance the EM wave absorption by synergistically modulating the wave propagation path and carbonization degree. The aerogel contained proposed modified carbon nanofibers (MCNF) derived from bacterial cellulose (BC), and core-shell carbon nanofibers @ reduced oxide graphene (CNF@RGO). The oriented structure was induced by the temperature field, which manifests anisotropic EM constitutive parameters (εx ≠ εz) at different directions of incident wave. The carbonization degree was adjusted by varying the carbonization temperature. At the carbonization temperature of 700 °C, the maximum reflection loss and effective absorption bandwidth reached −53.94 dB and 7.14 GHz, respectively, enabling the aerogel to outperform its previous counterparts. To clarify the EM wave mode-of-action in conjunction, physical models of the aerogel were established in addition to finite element simulation and theoretical analysis. Notably, the aerogel with a density of 3.6 mg/cm3 featured ultra-light weight, superhydrophobicity, superior compressibility, and thermal insulation. Our work offers an efficient strategy for designing broadband and multifunctional EM wave absorption materials (EWAMs), promising great potentials in complex stealth equipment.

The Preparation of Flower Structure Composites Composed of Lamellar CuS and RGO and Its Electromagnetic‐Wave‐Absorption Performance

The harm of electromagnetic wave to human daily life has gradually received widespread attention, and CuS, with unique morphology and high specific surface area, and as a typical P‐type semiconductor material, has a large number of holes, which is conducive to electron transport, which have used as electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) materials. EMA properties are affected by the morphology of materials, and therefore, flower‐shaped CuS/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) formed by self‐assembly of 2D lamellar structure CuS and RGO is prepared via a simple water bath–heating reaction. The content of RGO was adjusted to obtain the superior EMA properties. In the results, it is shown that the synthesized CuS/RGO with RGO of 10 mg has an excellent EMA capacity of strong reflection loss (RLmin = −46.8 dB) and broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB = 4.9 GHz), at the thickness of 2.04 mm and the frequency of 12.1 GHz. The prepared flower‐shaped CuS/RGO composites has a strong interface polarization because of its 2D/2D heterostructure, and the 2D CuS was compounded with 2D RGO to form 3D conductive networks improving conductive loss capacity. In this article, the study on the influence of the morphology of transition‐metal sulfides–based composites on EMA field is enriched.

Synthesis of polymorphic CoSe2@MoSe2 microspheres with hollow and core-shell structures for electromagnetic wave absorption

Structure design and surface morphology control are effective strategies for preparing electromagnetic wave absorbing (EWA) materials with superior performance. In this work, Co microspheres with large diameters and rough surfaces were prepared by a simple solvothermal reaction. Then, through a one-pot hydrothermal reaction with Se and Mo sources, the Co was changed into polymorphic CoSe2 and loaded with a layer of MoSe2 nanosheets. Moreover, as the Co cations migrated outside to react with Se, free space was generated inside the spheres; thus, hollow and core-shell structures were achieved. The synthesized CoSe2@MoSe2 complex can cause dielectric and magnetic loss at the same time, achieving a minimum reflection loss of -45 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 6 GHz. This work provides insight regarding the utility and massive synthesis of Co microspheres and advanced EWA materials with unique structures and diverse loss modes.

Heterogeneous burr-like CoNiO2/Ti3C2Tx MXene nanospheres for ultralow microwave absorption and satellite skin application

Nowadays, it is still a challenging task to exploit electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) materials with superior EMA performance under an ultrasmall thickness (approximately 1 mm). In this study, heterogeneous CoNiO2/Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid absorbers were successfully synthesized by using a simple and convenient self-assembly process. Benefiting from the increased porosity, heterogeneous interfaces, and multiple polarization processes, the unique burr-like CoNiO2/Ti3C2Tx MXene nanospheres (CNO/MXene-S) exhibited a remarkable EMA capacity with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of −60.61 dB at an ultrasmall thickness of 1.069 mm and −66.79 dB at a matching thickness of 2.565 mm, respectively. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to analyze the EMA mechanisms. Furthermore, the satellite radar cross-section (RCS) simulations demonstrated that compared with a non-stealth satellite, a stealth satellite with the CNO/MXene-S absorber exhibited decreased surface reflection of radar waves and a shortened radar detection distance. Therefore, the as-prepared CNO/MXene-S absorber with an ultrasmall matching thickness can be highly promising for the electromagnetic protection of spacecraft and electromagnetic communication devices.

Fe2AlB2: A novel ferromagnetic material with superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance

MAB demonstrates remarkable potential for application as electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers due to its exceptional electrical conductivity, which closely resembles that of metals. Fe2AlB2 in the MAB phase also exhibits ferromagnetism (FM) at or near room temperature. Herein, in this study, Fe2AlB2 powders were successfully synthesized using a simple and efficient solid-liquid reaction method, and their EMW absorption properties were investigated. The synthesized Fe2AlB2 powders exhibit superior performance in EMW absorption, achieving a minimum reflection loss value of −47.39 dB at a frequency of 15.2 GHz, with an ultra-thin thickness of only 1.2 mm. Given their ease of preparation and strong EMW dissipation capabilities, Fe2AlB2 materials hold great promise as a new class of EMW absorption materials.

Preparation of wheat flour-derived carbon/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/nickel composite by kneading method for electromagnetic wave absorption

Wheat flour-derived carbon/multi-wall carbon nanotubes/Nickel magnetic particles (WFC/MWCNT/Ni) composite electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorber had been made by traditional kneading technology. Compared to conventional hard template biomass materials, kneading dough can disperse multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and nickel salts more uniformly. The introduction of MWCNT can tune the dielectric constant of Wheat flour-derived carbon (WFC) to achieve stronger dielectric loss. The Ni magnetic particles encapsulated in the carbon matrix not only provide the composite with magnetic loss capability, likewise also improve the impedance match conditions of the material. In addition, the ternary structure of WFC/MWCNT/Ni endows the EMW absorber with more polarization losses. The results show that at a matched thickness of 1.38 mm, the sample achieves minima reflect loss (RLmin) of − 74.03 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EABW, RL≤−10 dB) of 4.72 GHz. Benefitting from broadband absorption under relatively thin thickness, simple preparation process and easy availability of raw materials, it possesses enormous potential to become an efficient EMW absorption material.

Recent progress on the electromagnetic wave absorption of one-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterials

The rapid development of electronic information technology and the use of high-power electrical equipment have led to the increasingly serious problem of electromagnetic interference (EMI). Therefore, it is of great significance to study electromagnetic wave absorbing (EWA) materials with good absorbing properties. Compared with other wave absorbing materials, carbon-based nanomaterials such as silicon carbide (SiC), carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon nanowire (CNW) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) have the advantages of low density, large specific surface area/aspect ratio and excellent dielectric properties, which make them stand out. However, impedance mismatch caused by high conductivity and a single microwave loss mechanism seriously affect the absorption performance. In order to overcome the above shortcomings, surface modification, component control, structural design and other methods have been widely used in EWA materials in recent years to improve their absorption performance. In this review, we introduce the mechanism of microwave absorption and summarizes the research progress of one-dimensional carbon based nanomaterials and their composites. The preparation methods and microwave absorption properties of one-dimensional carbon based nanocomposites with different components, morphologies, and microstructures were discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and future development prospects of one-dimensional carbon based nanomaterials were summarized, providing reference for the development of high-performance microwave absorbing materials.