Electromagnetic Millimeter Research Articles

Peripheral neural system involvement in hypoalgesic effect of electromagnetic millimeter waves

In a series of blind experiments, using the cold water tail-flick test (cTFT) as a quantitative indicator of pain, the hypoalgesic effect of a single exposure of mice to low power electromagnetic millimeter waves (MW) was studied. The MW exposure characteristics were: frequency = 61.22 GHz; incident power density = 15mW/cm 2; and duration = 15 min. MW treatment was applied to the glabrous skin of the footpad. Exposure of an intact murine paw to the MW resulted in a statistically significant hypoalgesia as measured in the cTFT. These mice were able to resist cold noxious stimulation in the cTFT more than two times longer than animals from the sham-exposed group. A unilateral sciatic nerve transection was used to deafferent the area of exposure in animals from one of the experimental groups. This surgery, conducted six days before the MW treatment, completely abolished the hypoalgesic effect of the exposure to MW. The results obtained support the conclusion that the MW - skin nerve endings interaction is the essential step in the initiation of biological effects caused by MW. Based on our past and present results we recommend that in order to obtain a maximum therapeutic effect, densely innervated skin areas (head, hands) need to be used preferentially for exposure to MW in clinical practice.

Electromagnetic millimeter waves increase the duration of anaesthesia caused by ketamine and chloral hydrate in mice

. BALB/c mice were injected ip with either ketamine 80 mg/kg or chloral hydrate 450 mg/kg. Anaesthetized mice were exposed to unmodulated electromagnetic millimeter waves at the frequency of 61.22 GHz with a peak specific absorption rate of 420 W/kg and corresponding incident power density of 15 mW/cm -2 for 15 min or sham-exposed. In combination with either of the anaesthetics used, mm waves increased the duration of anaesthesia by approximately 50% (p 0.05) in a dose (power)dependent manner. Sham exposure to mm waves did not affect the sleeping time of mice. Pretreatment of mice with naloxone, an opioid antagonist, did not change the duration of anaesthesia caused by the corresponding chemical agent, but completely blocked or decreased the additional effect of mm waves. The data in this study indicates that exposure of mice to mm waves in vivo releases endogenous opioids or enhances the activity of opioid signalling pathway.

Systemic reaction of Escherichia coli cells to weak electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency

The method of anomalous viscosity time dependence was used to study changes in the genome conformational state (GCS) of Escherichia coli K12 AB1157 cells after their exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) with an amplitude of magnetic induction equal to 30 μ T in the frequency range 7–12 Hz. A resonance effect which had good reproducibility and disappeared 100–170 min after the exposure of the cells was demonstrated. The direction and magnitude of the effect depended on the growth stage of the bacterial culture at which the cells were exposed to the EMF. The resonance frequencies and half-widths of the resonance dependences of the effect in the early stationary and middle logarithmic phases did not differ significantly. It was shown that the EMF resonance effect on the GCS is accompanied by considerable changes in the dynamics of cell division, DNA synthesis and protein synthesis. A comparative analysis of the systematic reactions of E. coli cells to the resonance effect of extremely low frequency (ELF) EMF and electromagnetic millimeter waves was carried out.