Effects Of Electromagnetic Fields Research Articles

Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Stimulation on Splenomegaly and Immunoglobulin E Levels in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis Mouse Model

Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) on immunological factors in a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) model were investigated. Hairless mice were randomly assigned to control, acetone and olive oil solution-treated (AOO), PEMF 15 Hz, PEMF 75 Hz, and sham groups (n = 5 each). AOO solution was used to dissolve DNCB. Both PEMF and sham groups were exposed to similar DNCB doses, causing similar AD symptoms. After AD induction for five weeks, only the PEMF groups were exposed to PEMF stimulations (15 Hz, 75 Hz, and 15 mT) inside the solenoid coil, for two weeks. In both groups, splenomegaly was observed, as AD was induced by hyperimmune reactions caused by DNCB sensitization. However, splenomegaly did not occur in the PEMF-exposed groups, and spleen weight decreased similarly to that of the control. Hence, the total splenocytes in the PEMF group were similar to those in the control group, whereas the sham group showed three times the number of splenocytes compared with the PEMF group. The serum immunoglobulin E levels did not significantly change in the PEMF group; however, they increased more than fourfold in the sham group. These results demonstrate that PEMF stimulation ameliorated the abnormal symptoms caused by hyperimmune reactions.

A critical appraisal of the WHO 2024 systematic review of the effects of RF-EMF exposure on tinnitus, migraine/headache, and non-specific symptoms

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2012 initiated an expert consultation about research on the health effects of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) for a WHO monograph that was last updated in 1993. The project was abandoned over concerns about the quality of the commissioned review papers. The WHO restarted the project in 2019 by commissioning 10 systematic reviews (SRs) of the research on RF-EMF exposure and adverse biological and health outcomes in laboratory animals, cell cultures, and human populations. The second of these SRs, published in 2024, addresses human observational studies of RF-EMF exposure and non-specific symptoms, including tinnitus, migraine/headache, and sleep disturbance. The present commentary is a critical appraisal of the scientific quality of this SR (SR7) employing criteria developed by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Based upon our review, we call for a retraction of SR7 and an impartial investigation by unconflicted experts of the currently available evidence and future research priorities.

The problem of protecting a person from the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields in modern society. Possible ways to solve it

The paper considers the problem of the impact of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) generated by electric vehicles (EV) and household appliances on humans in modern society. The data on the effect of EMF on human health and regulatory documents establishing requirements for electromagnetic safety are presented. The method of electromagnetic shielding and materials for the implementation of this method are considered as a promising method for solving the problem. The levels of electromagnetic radiation from a number of EV and household electrical appliances have been experimentally measured. The efficiency of electromagnetic shielding of materials based on single-layer coatings of Ni80Fe20 alloys, multilayer film structures Ni80Fe20/Cu and amorphous metal alloys AMAG172 has been estimated using a computational method. It is shown that electromagnetic screens based on these materials significantly reduce the levels of exposure to EMF of EV and household electrical appliances on humans, which allows us to approach the hygienic standards recommended by doctors and meet the requirements of regulatory documents on remote control.

Examining the Synergic Effect of Exosomes Derived from Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Low-frequency Electromagnetic Field on Chondrogenic Differentiation

Background: Cartilage has intrinsically limited healing power, and regeneration of cartilage damages has remained a challenge. Secreted products of mesenchymal stem cells have shown a new therapeutic strategies for cartilage injuries. Also it has been observed that low frequency electromagnetic field plays a key role in biological processes. Objective: This research was performed to investigate the synergic effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes and low frequency electromagnetic field on chondrogenic differentiation. Methods: In this in vitro study, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes were identified using AFM, SEM, TEM microscopy, and DLS method. Cells were treated in chondrogenic medium by exosomes, low frequency electromagnetic field, and the synergy of both. The cell survival was examined using MTT and Annexin methods, and cartilage differentiation was confirmed by Alcian blue staining. The expression of Sox-9, Acan, Col 2a1 and Col 10a1 genes was examined via Real- Time PCR technique on day 14 post-treatment. Results: The results confirmed the presence of exosomes with an approximate size of less than 100 nm. The results of Alcian blue revealed greater expression of glycosaminoglycans in the synergic treatment group compared to the other groups. Real-time PCR showed a significant increase in the expression of Sox-9, Acan, and Col 2a1 genes, as well as a significant reduction of Col 10a1 gene expression in the synergic treatment group compared to other groups. Conclusion: This study indicated that the synergic effect of exosome and low-frequency electromagnetic fields would lead to enhanced chondrogenic differentiation, which can be further explored in future clinical studies

Effects of flow-induced electromagnetic field and surface roughness on antifouling activity of phenolic compounds

Microbial fouling involves the physicochemical interactions between microorganisms and solid surfaces. An electromagnetic field (EMF) may change the diffusion rates of microbial cells and the electrical double layer around the cells and contacting surfaces. In the current study, polycardanol exhibiting antibiofouling activity was modified with ferromagnetic iron oxide (IO) to investigate the EMF effects on bacterial adhesion. When there was a flow of electrolyte that contained bacterial cells, flow-induced EMF was generated according to Faraday’s principle. It was observed that the IO-ionic solution (IS)-modified surfaces, with an induced current of 44, 53, 66 nA, showed decreases in the adhesion of bacteria cells more than the unmodified (polycardanol) and IO-nanoparticles-modified ones. In addition to the EMF effects, the nano-scale uniform roughness of the modified surfaces appeared to play an important role in the reduction of cell adhesion. The results demonstrated that the IOIS-modified surface (3.2 × 10−6 mM IO) had the highest antibiofouling activity.

Critical role of model organism selection in assessing weak urban electromagnetic field effects: Implications for human health

The impact of electromagnetic fields on human health has been investigated in recent years using various model organisms, yet the findings remain unclear. In our work, we examined the effect of less-explored, weak electromagnetic fields commonly found in the urban environments we inhabit. We studied different impacts of electromagnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz and a combination of 50 Hz and 150 Hz, on both yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and human macrophages. We determined growth, survival, and protein composition (SDS-PAGE) (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and morphology of macrophages (human monocytic cell line). In yeast, the sole observed change after 24 h of exposure was the extension of the exponential growth phase by 17 h. Conversely, macrophages exhibited morphological transformations from the anti-inflammatory to the pro-inflammatory type within just 2 h of exposure to the electromagnetic field.Our results suggest that effects of electromagnetic field largely depend on the model organism. The selection of an appropriate model organism proves essential for the study of the specific impacts of electromagnetic fields. The potential risk associated with the presence of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in everyday urban environments primarily arises from the continual promotion of inflammatory reactions within a healthy organism and deserves further investigation.

EFFECTS OF BIOPHYSICAL STIMULI ON OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION OF MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate to cells that are part of tissues, such as bone and cartilage, both during ontogeny and for the repair/regeneration and renewal of tissues during postnatal life. Accordingly, MSCs can be a powerful tool for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering interventions in musculoskeletal deficiencies. MSCs found in the bone marrow and connective tissues are exposed to biochemical and biophysical factors that modulate their biological behavior. Given that biochemical factors have been widely studied, research on the effect of biophysical stimuli on the differentiation of MSCs is scarce. An overview of the impact of biophysical factors on MSCs osteogenic differentiation could shed light on some of the signals to consider when developing new cell therapies or tissue engineering products for the treatment of bone traumatic defects and diseases. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the effect of biophysical stimuli on osteogenic differentiation. It focuses on reviewing what has been published on the effect of compression, tension, hydrostatic pressure, shear stress, electromagnetic fields, low-intensity ultrasound, and niche signaling – including topography and substrate stiffness, paracrine and juxtracrine regulation – on MSCs osteogenic differentiation. The knowledge gained from studying how MSCs respond to mechanical forces has the potential to drive the creation of more advanced treatments for conditions where bones are injured. These therapies could rely on either physical methods or a combination of physical and chemical approaches, offering new possibilities for improving bone health.

Exploring the impact of magnetic fields on biomass production efficiency under aerobic and anaerobic batch fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In this work, the effect of moderate electromagnetic fields (2.5, 10, and 15 mT) was studied using an immersed coil inserted directly into a bioreactor on batch cultivation of yeast under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Throughout the cultivation, parameters, including CO2 levels, O2 saturation, nitrogen consumption, glucose uptake, ethanol production, and yeast growth (using OD 600 measurements at 1-h intervals), were analysed. The results showed that 10 and 15 mT magnetic fields not only statistically significantly boosted and sped up biomass production (by 38–70%), but also accelerated overall metabolism, accelerating glucose, oxygen, and nitrogen consumption, by 1–2 h. The carbon balance analysis revealed an acceleration in ethanol and glycerol production, albeit with final concentrations by 22–28% lower, with a more pronounced effect in aerobic cultivation. These findings suggest that magnetic fields shift the metabolic balance toward biomass formation rather than ethanol production, showcasing their potential to modulate yeast metabolism. Considering coil heating, opting for the 10 mT magnetic field is preferable due to its lower heat generation. In these terms, we propose that magnetic field can be used as novel tool to increase biomass yield and accelerate yeast metabolism.

A boundary element method of bidomain modeling for predicting cellular responses to electromagnetic fields

Objective. Commonly used cable equation approaches for simulating the effects of electromagnetic fields on excitable cells make several simplifying assumptions that could limit their predictive power. Bidomain or ‘whole’ finite element methods have been developed to fully couple cells and electric fields for more realistic neuron modeling. Here, we introduce a novel bidomain integral equation designed for determining the full electromagnetic coupling between stimulation devices and the intracellular, membrane, and extracellular regions of neurons. Approach. Our proposed boundary element formulation offers a solution to an integral equation that connects the device, tissue inhomogeneity, and cell membrane-induced E-fields. We solve this integral equation using first-order nodal elements and an unconditionally stable Crank–Nicholson time-stepping scheme. To validate and demonstrate our approach, we simulated cylindrical Hodgkin–Huxley axons and spherical cells in multiple brain stimulation scenarios. Main Results. Comparison studies show that a boundary element approach produces accurate results for both electric and magnetic stimulation. Unlike bidomain finite element methods, the bidomain boundary element method does not require volume meshes containing features at multiple scales. As a result, modeling cells, or tightly packed populations of cells, with microscale features embedded in a macroscale head model, is simplified, and the relative placement of devices and cells can be varied without the need to generate a new mesh. Significance. Device-induced electromagnetic fields are commonly used to modulate brain activity for research and therapeutic applications. Bidomain solvers allow for the full incorporation of realistic cell geometries, device E-fields, and neuron populations. Thus, multi-cell studies of advanced neuronal mechanisms would greatly benefit from the development of fast-bidomain solvers to ensure scalability and the practical execution of neural network simulations with realistic neuron morphologies.

Electromagnetic Water Treatment and Soil Compost Incorporation to Alleviate the Impact of Soil Salinization

This study explores the effects of alternating current-induced electromagnetic field (EMF) on mitigating brackish water irrigation and soil salinization impacts. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of EMF on plant growth, soil properties, and leaching of ions under different conditions, including using brackish water and desalinated water for irrigation and soil compost incorporation. The experiment was performed with four types of irrigation water using soil columns representing field soil layers. EMF-treated brackish water maintained a sodium adsorption ratio of 2.7 by leaching Na+ from the soil. EMF-treated irrigation columns showed an increase in soil organic carbon by 7% over no EMF-treated columns. Compost treatment reduced the leaching of NO3− from the soil by more than 15% using EMF-treated irrigation water. EMF-treated brackish water and compost treatment enhanced plant growth by increasing wet weight by 63.6%, dry weight by 71.4%, plant height by 22.8%, and root length by 115.8% over no EMF and compost columns. EMF-treated agricultural water without compost also showed growth improvements. The findings suggest that EMF treatment, especially combined with compost, offers an effective, low-cost, and eco-friendly solution to mitigate soil salinization, promoting plant growth by improving nutrient availability and soil organic carbon.

THE EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE ON FETAL DEVELOPMENT

ABSTRACT Aims: The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of electromagnetic field exposure during pregnancy on fetal anthropometric measurements by means of ultrasonography. Methods: This is a cross sectional study. The study was conducted among 261 pregnant women who applied to the Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinic. A face-to-face questionnaire was applied to 261 volunteer pregnant women and fetal anthropometric measurements (head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), biparietal diameter (BPD)) were performed by transabdominal ultrasound. Results: The mean age of the pregnant women in this study was 29.65 ± 6. 140. (53.6%) of the pregnant women were between the ages of 25-34, 260 (99.6%) were married, 85 (32.6%) were high school graduates and 184 (70.5%) were housewives. The income of 116 (44.4%) pregnant women was equal to their expenses. The frequency of those exposed to electromagnetic fields at home is 98.5%. There was no difference found between FL, AC, HC and BPD values and electromagnetic field exposure at home, exposure to x-ray or tomography (p>0.05). It was observed that FL, HC, BPD ultrasonographic measurement values were significantly lower in people exposed to electromagnetic field at work compared to those not exposed to electromagnetic field at work. Conclusion: It was observed that FL, HC, BPD ultrasonographic measurement values were significantly lower in people exposed to electromagnetic field at work. There are studies that show the negative effects of electromagnetic field on the fetus, especially during pregnancy, although there is no definitive evidence. Studies to be carried out on this subject can be a guide for protection from the negative effects of electromagnetic field.

Electrical Activity of Heart During ECG For EMF And Non– EMF Trails.

Background: The ubiquitous use of mobile phones has raised concerns about potential health impacts, particularly regarding the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on the human brain and heart. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a critical measure of heart health, influenced by brain function and susceptible to disruption by mobile phone radiation. Objective: This study aims to investigate the influence of mobile phone EMF on HRV, utilizing higher-order spectral analysis of ECG data to determine the functional relationship between the heart and brain under EMF exposure. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects from the University of Sindh, Jamshoro, participated in this experiment. The subjects, with an average age of 27 years, underwent ECG and EEG recording under varying conditions of EMF exposure. Each session involved comparisons of EMF effects over different durations and positions relative to the heart. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in bicoherence values for chest positions V1 and V2, with non-EMF trials showing higher values compared to EMF trials. Coherence between ECG and EEG indicated significant changes in the 16-30 Hz frequency band during EMF exposure. Extended exposure of 40 minutes correlated with notable variations in HRV. Conclusion: The findings suggest that mobile phone EMF can significantly affect HRV parameters, particularly with prolonged exposure and when the EMF source is close to the heart. These results underscore the importance of developing guidelines for safe mobile phone usage.

Effect of Electromagnetic Field on Vibrations of Nonlocal Elastic Cylinders with Double Porosity

Effect of Electromagnetic Field on Vibrations of Nonlocal Elastic Cylinders with Double Porosity

Investigating the effect of electromagnetic field and Eucalyptus oil Citriodora on polymorphism of PVDF film

AbstractPolyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films were prepared for evaluating the effect of electromagnetic field and Eucalyptus oil Citriodora as an additive on the polymorphism. The values of PVDF crystalline phases were determined by attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry was performed to achieve the crystallinity degree of the PVDF films. To evaluate the impact of the electromagnetic field on the PVDF crystalline phases, the polymeric solution was placed in 1 tesla electromagnetic field for different times. The proper time for dominating the β phase was determined 10 min. Additionally, the sum of β and γ phases percentages augmented from 28.8 for the sample without the additive of Eucalyptus oil Citriodora to 65.2 for the sample containing 8% additive.

Analysis of the Interaction Effects of Electromagnetic Fields with Major Living Tissues—One Health Concept Numerical Evaluation Strategy

The well-being and sociability of individuals have always been part of modernity. The development of new technologies that meet these aspirations is receiving increasing attention. Thus, strengthening the desired objectives of these technologies and minimizing their undesirable side effects is the subject of growing commitment. The present contribution aims, in this context, to evaluate and analyze the desired and undesirable effects of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with living tissues in general. These are routines based on mathematical modeling reinforcing the expected functions as well as those of control and protection against undesirable effects. These adverse effects correspond to the “One Health” concept, which encompasses the health of animals, plants and humans, as well as ecological disorders created by human activity. First, in this article, the interactions of electromagnetic fields with tissues are analyzed, involving their thermal biological effects of desired and undesired exposures. The roles of blood and sap fluids in bio-affected tissues are then analyzed. Secondly, the equations governing electromagnetics and bio-heat, as well as their coupled solution are studied. Third, the thermal behavior of tissues and the adverse effects of exposure are examined. Next, monitoring and defending the effects of exposures are discussed. This contribution, supported by a review of the literature, illustrates routines for mathematical modeling of the generalized interaction of electromagnetic fields with living tissues.

Influence of cross baffle on heat transfer of nanofluid flow inside circular pipe in existence of electromagnetic field: Computational study

The usage of electromagnetic sources for the improvement of the heat transfer of ferrofluid is an efficient method in heat exchangers. In this article, the effects of the non-uniform electromagnetic field on the thermal characteristics of the nanofluid with 4 % nanoparticles of Fe3O4 streaming inside the pipe with a double cross barrier are extensively investigated. To simulate the nanofluid flow, Computational Fluid Dynamic is applied and a three-dimensional model is chosen to reveal the main effects of the electromagnetic field on the thermal efficiency of the nanofluid flow. The main novelty of this work is related to the application of the cross baffle and non-uniform magnetic field for the heat transfer improvements. The achieved results show that the existence of the electromagnetic field and cross barrier facilitates the production of the vortex inside the pipe. Therefore, the thermal layer diffusion into the stream more efficiently, and the thermal efficiency of nanofluid is improved. The influence of magnetic field intensity also shows that increasing the thermal efficiency is a direct function of magnetic source intensity.

The Impact of Electromagnetic Fields on Human Health: A Review

The electromagnetic field (EMF) is a physical concept consisting of electric and magnetic fields produced by the motion of charged particles and plays a ubiquitous role in modern society. EMFs are present in various forms, ranging from extremely low frequency (ELF) fields produced by power lines to radiofrequency (RF) fields emitted by wireless communication devices. While EMFs are essential for technologies like electricity generation, telecommunications, and medical imaging, concerns have been raised regarding their potential impact on human health. The literature has explored the relationships between EMF exposure and health outcomes, including cancer, reproductive health, and neurological disorders. Despite ongoing debate and inconclusive evidence, efforts are underway to mitigate exposure and establish regulatory guidelines. The effects of EMF on human health is a complex and multifaceted issue and research points to potential effects on various aspects of health, including neurological, reproductive and developmental effects. Although significant associations have not been found in some studies, growing evidence suggests that continuity in research is important in assessing and mitigating potential health risks associated with EMA exposure.

Integrated influence of sulfide modification on the reactivity of nanoscale zero-valent iron towards decabromodiphenyl ether under an electromagnetic field

Individual application of sulfide modification and electromagnetic field (EMF) can enhance the reactivity of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), yet the potential of both in combination is not clear. This work found that the reactivity of nZVI towards decabromodiphenyl ether was significantly enhanced by the combined effect of sulfidation and EMF. The specific reaction rate constant of nZVI increased by 7 to 10 times. A series of characterization results revealed that the sulfidation level not only affects the inherent reactivity but also the magnetic-induced heating (MIH) and corrosion (MIC) of nZVI. These collectively influence the degradation efficiency of nZVI under EMF. Sulfidation generally diminished the MIH effect. The low degree of sulfidation (S/Fe = 0.1) slightly reduced the MIC effect by 21.4%. However, the high degree of sulfidation (S/Fe = 0.4) led to significantly enhanced MIC effect by 107.1%. For S/Fe = 0.1 and 0.4, the overall enhancement in the reactivity resulting from EMF was alternately dominated by the contributions of MIH and MIC. This work provides valuable insights into the MIH and MIC effects about the sulfidation level of nZVI, which is needed for further exploration and optimization of this combined technology.

Electromagnetic Modulation of Cell Behavior: Unraveling the Positive Impacts in a Comprehensive Review.

There are numerous effective procedures for cell signaling, in which humans directly transmit detectable signals to cells to govern their essential behaviors. From a biomedical perspective, the cellular response to the combined influence of electrical and magnetic fields holds significant promise in various domains, such as cancer treatment, targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, and wound healing. Among these modern cell signaling methods, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) play a pivotal role; however, there remains a paucity of knowledge concerning the effects of EMFs across all wavelengths. It's worth noting that most wavelengths are incompatible with human cells, and as such, this study excludes them from consideration. In this review, we aim to comprehensively explore the most effective and current EMFs, along with their therapeutic impacts on various cell types. Specifically, we delve into the influence of alternating electromagnetic fields (AEMFs) on diverse cell behaviors, encompassing proliferation, differentiation, biomineralization, cell death, and cell migration. Our findings underscore the substantial potential of these pivotal cellular behaviors in advancing the treatment of numerous diseases. Moreover, AEMFs wield a significant role in the realms of biomaterials and tissue engineering, given their capacity to decisively influence biomaterials, facilitate non-invasive procedures, ensure biocompatibility, and exhibit substantial efficacy. It is worth mentioning that AEMFs often serve as a last-resort treatment option for various diseases. Much about electromagnetic fields remains a mystery to the scientific community, and we have yet to unravel the precise mechanisms through which wavelengths control cellular fate. Consequently, our understanding and knowledge in this domain predominantly stem from repeated experiments yielding similar effects. In the ensuing sections of this article, we delve deeper into our extended experiments and research.

Are friends electric? Valuing the social costs of power lines using house prices

Overhead electrical power lines and pylons have long raised concerns regarding the effects of electromagnetic fields on health, noise pollution and the visual impact on rural landscapes. These issues are once again salient because of the need for new lines to connect sources of renewable energy to the grid. In this study we provide new evidence on the cost implied by these externalities, as revealed in house prices. We use a spatial difference-in-difference approach that compares price changes in neighborhoods that are close to overhead power-lines, before and after they are constructed, with price changes in comparable neighborhoods further away. Our findings suggest that the construction of new overhead pylons reduces prices by 3.9% for properties up to 1500 m away, suggesting the impacts extend further than previously estimated.