Electrolytes For Supercapacitors Research Articles

Nonaqueous G-Quadruplex Ionogels.

Supramolecular ionogels, as an emerging class of materials, utilize the intriguing properties of ionic liquids (ILs) and offer a promising method for constructing functional materials in anhydrous solvents. G-Quadruplex, assembled from guanine-rich nucleic acid building blocks, is an important structure closely associated with life and leads to the gelation for constructing versatile materials, such as the electrolytes of supercapacitors. Herein, we design and fabricate G-quadruplex ionogels using an unreported cation. Among the metal acetylacetonates under investigation, iron(III) acetylacetonate is distinctive in its capacity to stabilize G-quadruplexes through a reaction with the solvent ethylammonium nitrate (EAN), resulting in the formation of Fe(acac)2+. The ionogel displays high ionic conductivity (6.43 mS·cm-1), a wide electrochemical stability window (2.86 V), and self-healing properties. The supercapacitor based on the G-quadruplex ionogel electrolyte delivers a gravimetric capacitance of 91.8 F·g-1, a high energy density of 32.6 W h/kg, and a power density of 319.8 W/kg at a current density of 0.2A·g-1. Therefore, the present findings have important implications for deepening the understanding of G-quadruplex structures and metal acetylacetonate complexes and provide an approach to fabricating ionogel electrolytes for high-performance supercapacitors.

Electrochemical Performance of Guanidinium Salt-Added PVP/PEO Solid Polymer Electrolyte with Superior Power Density.

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for symmetrical supercapacitors are proposed herein with activated carbon as electrodes and optimized solid polymer electrolyte membranes, which serve as the separators and electrolytes. We propose the design of a low-cost solid polymer electrolyte consisting of guanidinium nitrate (GuN) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). Using the solution casting approach, blended polymer electrolytes with varying GuN weight percentage ratios of PVP and PEO are prepared. On the blended polymer electrolytes, structural, morphological, vibrational, and ionic conductivity are investigated. The solid polymer electrolytes' morphology and level of roughness are examined using an FESEM. The interlinking bond formation between the blended polymers and the GuN salt is verified by FTIR measurements, indicating that the ligands are chemically complex. We found that, up to 20 wt.% GuN, the conductivity value increased (1.84 × 10-6 S/cm) with an increase in mobile charge carriers. Notably, the optimized PVP/PEO/20 wt.% solid polymer electrolyte was fabricated into a solid-state symmetrical supercapacitor device, which delivered a potential window of 0 to 2 V, a superior energy density of 3.88 Wh kg-1, and a power density of 1132 W kg-1.

Recycling and Reutilization of Metals Aided by Deep Eutectic Solvents: from NMC Cathodes of Spent Li-ion Batteries to Electrolytes for Supercapacitors.

With the rapidly increasing demand for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), recycling the metals found in spent cathodes is mandatory to both alleviate shortages resulting from the mining of natural metal ores and manage the disposal of spent LIBs. The use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for metals recovery from spent cathodes of LIBs (e. g., LCO and NMC types) offers a sustainable yet efficient alternative to conventional hydrometallurgical processes. Nonetheless, g efforts are required to use milder temperatures and higher mass loadings, thus ensuring cost-effectiveness. In this latter regard, addressing the reutilization of DESs in subsequent stages of metal extraction, and streamlining or eliminating the chemical procedures employed for metal separation, is even more crucial to guarantee the economic feasibility of the recycling process. Herein, we have prepared a DES that provides extraction efficiencies of ca. 100 % for every metal of NMC cathodes even at mild experimental conditions (e. g., 60 °C) and for loadings as high as 70 mgNMC/gDES. Moreover, we have pioneered the direct use of leachates containing DESs and metals as electrolytes for supercapacitors. This approach enables the reintroduction of DESs and the recovered metals into the value chain with a minimal economic and environmental impact.

Polyether (polyethylene oxide) derived carbon electrode material and polymer electrolyte for supercapacitor and dye-sensitized solar cell

Polyether (polyethylene oxide) derived carbon electrode material and polymer electrolyte for supercapacitor and dye-sensitized solar cell

A computational study of the ternary mixtures of NaPF6-EC and choline glycine ionic liquid.

This study investigates the structural and dynamic properties of ternary mixtures composed of NaPF6, ethylene carbonate (EC), and the ionic liquid choline glycine (ChGly), with a focus on their potential as electrolytes for supercapacitors. The combination of NaPF6-EC, known for its high ionic conductivity, with the biodegradable and environmentally friendly ChGly offers a promising approach to enhancing electrolyte performance. Through molecular simulations, we analyze how the inclusion of small concentrations of ChGly affects key properties such as density, cohesive energy, and ion mobility. Our findings demonstrate that the NaPF6-EC-ChGly mixture exhibits a complex network of electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding, with the glycine anion significantly influencing the liquid structure. In mixtures with small additions of ChGly, we observed an optimal balance of diffusion and ionic mobility. These results highlight the potential of ChGly as a green additive to conventional electrolytes, paving the way for more sustainable and high-performance energy storage devices.

Sustainable supercapacitors using advanced hydrated amino acid ionic liquids: A novel approach to biodegradable energy storage

Sustainable supercapacitors using advanced hydrated amino acid ionic liquids: A novel approach to biodegradable energy storage

Weakening Coulomb interactions in ionic liquid via hydrogen bonds enables ultrafast supercapacitors.

The application of ionic liquid electrolytes in ultrafast supercapacitors to achieve wide electrochemical operating windows and high electrochemical stability is highly applauded. However, the strong Coulomb interaction between ions leads to the overscreening effect and slow establishment process of the electrical double layer (EDL), which deteriorates the rate performance of supercapacitors. Herein, inspired by Coulomb's law and EDL transient dynamics, we introduce competitive hydrogen bond interactions into typical ionic-liquid electrolytes to weaken the Coulomb interaction between ions. Density functional theory calculations, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier infrared spectrum, combined with differential capacitance, suggest that the introduction of competitive hydrogen bonds is responsible for the suppression of Coulomb interaction between ions. The existence of appropriate hydrogen bonds effectively improves the ion coordination and the interface model of the electrode surface, thus enhancing the response kinetics of ions. Based on this hybrid electrolyte design, the fabricated supercapacitor delivers an outstanding capacity of 100.0 mF g-1 at 120Hz with a cut-off frequency of 1842.4Hz and a relaxation time of 0.62ms. This work opens a pathway towards the design of electrolytes for ultrafast supercapacitors.

From Waste to Power: Developing Structural Supercapacitors with Red Mud and Jute Stick.

Developing effective, cost-efficient, and eco-friendly energy storage solutions is crucial for sustainable building structures. Red mud, a waste material, was used as the electrolyte and separator in supercapacitors, alongside activated carbon derived from jute sticks coated on steel mesh electrodes. Tests on RM-enhanced supercapacitors showed that 20 % by weight of RM was the best amount. This increased the modulus of elasticity by 33 %, the tensile strength by 3 %, and the compressive strength by 10 %. Durability was largely unaffected, with minimal additional water absorption and slight shrinkage variation. The supercapacitor cell had an extended cell potential of 1.5 V and a maximum specific capacitance of 62.3 F g-1 at 0.4 A g-1, as shown by electrochemical tests. This improved energy density to 19.5 Wh kg-1, with a power density of 301.8 W kg-1 at 0.4 A g-1 and a maximum power density of 605.8 W kg-1 at 0.8 A g-1. The cell retained 77 % of its initial capacitance after 450 continuous GCD cycles, demonstrating notable stability. This stability is due to the solid electrolyte and the synergy between JC and RM, indicating promising advancements for future energy storage devices.

High-Entropy Electrolyte Design for Low-Temperature Supercapacitors.

Supercapacitors (SCs) are high-power energy storage devices but often experience reduced electrochemical performance at low temperatures, especially below -30 °C, due to the high freezing points of conventional electrolytes. In this study, we introduce a novel high-entropy electrolyte (HEE) for supercapacitors that extends operational capabilities over a wide temperature range. The high entropy of the HEE results in an exceptionally low freezing point of -116 °C. With an increased number of solvent molecules in the cation solvation structures, the HEE exhibits high conductivity (3.9 mS cm⁻¹ at -50 °C) and low de-solvation energy (14.1 kJ mol⁻¹). When incorporated into a carbon-based SC, the HEE enables a capacitance retention of 58% at temperatures below -30 °C, compared to 25 °C, while conventional single-solvent electrolytes retain only 38%. Additionally, the HEE provides superior high-rate performance and excellent cycling stability, maintaining 88% capacitance after 15,000 cycles, compared to 73% with conventional electrolytes.

A New Polyvinyl Alcohol Lithium Chloride Hydrogel Electrolyte: High Ionic Conductivity and Wide Working Temperature Range

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol/lithium chloride hydrogel (PVA/LiCl) is one of the most used electrolyte in supercapacitors. Increasing the ionic conductivity and operating temperature range of PVA/LiCl would greatly boost the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors and enhance the devices’ environmental adaptability. This is of great significance yet rarely concerned about in energy communities. In this work, SiO2 functionalized PVA/LiCl (PVA‐SiO2/LiCl) is experimentally realized with high ionic conductivity and wide operating temperature range. The spectroscopic and theoretical experiments prove that SiO2 significantly regulates cation solvation structure to promote cation‐anion pair dissociation and diminish coagulation of PVA chains, increasing ionic conductivity from 19.01 mS cm−1 of PVA/LiCl to 56.17 mS cm−1 of the new electrolyte. SiO2 can also prevent cation‐anion association as temperature decreases, and the abundant hydroxyl groups on the SiO2 and the stretched PVA chains tune hydrogen bonds among dipolar water molecules. They effectively expand the operating temperature range of PVA‐SiO2/LiCl. PVA‐SiO2/LiCl greatly boosts the electrochemical performance of MnO2‐based supercapacitor. The design concept developed here opens up a way toward high‐performance hydrogel electrolyte development.

Exploring the Formulation and Efficacy of Phosphazene-Based Flame Retardants for Conventional Supercapacitor Electrolytes.

The formulation of safe electrolytes for supercapacitors based on phosphazene used as a flame-retardant (FR) is carried out. 3 molecules are used: hexafluorocyclotriphosphazene (FR1), (ethoxy)pentafluorocyclotriphosphazene (FR2) and pentafluoro(phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (FR3). A comparative study on the efficacy from a safety point of view is performed to determine the minimum percentages of each to be used in a conventional acetonitrile (ACN)/1.0 M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (Et4NBF4) electrolyte to make it non-flammable. Flammability tests have shown that 5 %FR1, 15 %FR2 or 20 %FR3 are required to do that. The FTIR coupled to the TGA as well as the measurements of surface tensions and contact angles showed that the FRs tend to protect the surface of the electrolyte. The transport properties always remain good, superior to PC/1.0 M Et4NBF4 for example, and the electrochemical stability windows determined in 3-electrode cells with platinum or activated carbon are at least 2.5 V. The cycling performances are also interesting because the AC|AC EDLCs made in this study are compatible with these FRs, which makes it possible to operate devices providing energies and powers of 23.0 Wh kg-1 and 3.7 kW kg-1 with the electrolytes based on FR1 or FR2 between 0 and 2.5 V.

Acetamide-based hydrated eutectic electrolytes for supercapacitors with high voltage and low self-discharge

Acetamide-based hydrated eutectic electrolytes for supercapacitors with high voltage and low self-discharge

Asymmetrical Supercapacitor Based on Iodide Ion Containing Ionic Liquid Mixture

The increased global energy demand and environmental pollution require energy generated from renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, etc. As the adoption of these energy resources increases, developing different energy storage systems becomes important. The applicability of room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) as electrolytes for supercapacitors (SCs) and batteries has been discussed in many papers. RTILs have lower conductivity and higher viscosity; thus, they have narrower low-temperature operation limits compared to aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. However, compared with volatile aqueous and organic electrolytes, RTILs are much safer in SCs applications. To improve the power and energy densities of SCs, various mixtures of ionic liquids have been investigated, including systems of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF4) with bromide ion addition on carbon cloth1, EMImBF4 with iodide ion addition on Bi(111) electrode2 and D-glucose derived activated carbon (GDAC)3. However, in studies1,3 the capacitance and ideal polarizability of positively and negatively charged carbon cloth and GDAC electrodes were not taken into account, limiting the overall energy storage capability, efficiency, and cycle life of these systems. Therefore, characterization of these materials-based SCs in three- and two-electrode configurations are inevitable to overcome these mentioned shortcomings4. In the present research EMImBF4 with addition of 5 wt% 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide (EMImI) was selected to study the influence of iodide anions addition on the electrochemical performance of micro- and mesoporous carbon material-based SC system4. Based on electrochemical data established by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, constant current charge/discharge, and constant power discharge methods, the asymmetrical SC with ionic liquid mixture compared to the symmetrical SC with neat EMImBF4 demonstrated increase in cell capacitance about 5 F g-1 (33 F g-1 vs 27 F g-1 in cell potential range of 2.4 V) and specific energy about 3.5 W h kg-1 (28.1 W h kg-1 vs 24.4 W h kg-1 in cell potential range of 2.4 V). However, the ideal polarizability region, i.e., electrochemical stability of the iodide ion containing ionic liquid mixture-based SC is somewhat lower as well as specific adsorption and partial charge transfer is not fully reversible leading to the lower coulombic and energy efficiency values4. Acknowledgments: This research was supported by the EU through the European Regional Development Fund under project TK141, "Advanced materials and high-technology devices for energy recuperation systems" (2014–2020.4.01.15–0011) and TK210, “Estonian Centre of Excellence in Green Hydrogen and Sustainable Energetics”, Institutional Research grant IUT20–13, European Spallation Source: Estonian Partition in ESS Instrument design, development and building and application for science research project SLOKT12026T and by Estonian Research Council grants PUT1033, PUT55, and PRG676.

Enhancing Interfacial Capacitance Using Anionic Amphiphiles in Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Blends

The acceleration of climate change due to carbon emissions has generated an imminent need to transition towards renewable energy sources. However, the intermittent nature of renewable sources like wind or solar energy necessitates breakthroughs in energy storage devices that can rapidly charge and discharge. This demand creates a new role for high power density supercapacitors. While supercapacitors can quickly discharge electricity, they are limited by low energy densities. This limitation in energy density has generated research interest into charge storage mechanisms at interfaces and new types of supercapacitor electrolytes. An ideal supercapacitor electrolyte has a wide electrochemical stability window and high capacitance to maximize the energy density. Ionic liquids (ILs) show potential for this role with their wide electrochemical stability windows, nonflammability, and nonvolatility. Problematically, strong ion correlations present in ILs result in low capacitances. I will discuss our work aimed at tuning ionic correlations in binary IL blends to provide pathways towards higher energy density capacitive interfaces. We show how the addition of surface-active amphiphilic anions weakens these correlations increasing the interfacial charge density and capacitance of these IL blends. Notably, we find that mixing surface-active amphiphilic anions with nonamphiphilic ILs doubles the capacitance at negative surfaces. We hypothesize that polarity-dictated anion-anion van der Waals interactions serve to weaken IL cation-anion interactions and ultimately drive molecular assembly at negative surfaces, increasing capacitance. I will also present our complementary investigations of non-amphiphilic binary IL mixtures and provide spectroscopic insight into bulk ion correlations within these systems. Our study ultimately paves the path towards fundamental investigations into the chemical nature of additives in ionic liquid blends to boost performance within next-generation supercapacitors.

(Invited) Tailoring Molecular Interaction in Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes for High-Performance Supercapacitors

In the development of the next-generation safe solid-state supercapacitors with high energy density, durability, and flexibility, the synthesis of high ion-conducting solid-state electrolytes with electrochemical and mechanical stabilities is a great challenge. Solid-state polymer electrolytes (SSPEs) are of great interest as materials in energy storage devices because ion-conducting SSPEs enable good adherence to electrodes and excellent processability for being made into a thin film. The key challenge facing the SSPE development for all-solid-state supercapacitors is to achieve high mechanical performance without sacrificing the requisite ionic conductivity. To overcome the issue, we synthesized networked polymer electrolytes in both aqueous- and non-aqueous forms, using UV or thermal cross-linking methods. The aqueous versions comprise nanohybrid polymer electrolytes (NPEs), salt-in-polyampholoytes (SIPAs), and triple-network polymer electrolytes (TNPEs). Meanwhile, the non-aqueous type features branched network structures endowed with hierarchical nano-canyon characteristics. To tune and understand the SSPE physical and electrochemical properties, the effects of electrolyte type and concentration on morphologic, dielectric, and mechanical properties were thoroughly explored by microstructural, dielectric relaxation, and mechanical measurements. We found that intermolecular interactions within the electrolyte play a vital role in the formation of a nanoscale ion channel confined in the polymer matrix, allowing for a simultaneous increase in the ionic conductivity and mechanical modulus. Tuning the SSPE morphology can also control the microscopic ion migration rate as well as the macroscopic flexibility of the SSPE. To further introduce multifunctional properties, nanocomposite SSPEs were also prepared by combining aqueous SSPEs with inorganic nanoparticles, and their physical properties were investigated using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, oscillatory shear, and DFT calculation. The principal focus of this presentation is on the insight about our understanding of ion and polymer dynamics of the SSPEs for high-performance supercapacitors.

Effect of Surface Functional Groups on Polymer-Derived Activated Carbon in Aqueous Electrolyte for Supercapacitors

Renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind power which do not require fossil fuels and utilize natural energy such as light energy and wind energy are rapidly expanding around the world, including within Japan. However, these power generation methods are easily affected by the weather and other external conditions, making it difficult to achieve a sufficient power supply when needed, and complicating the adjustment of the supply-demand balance of electricity [1].In Japan, the existence of storage batteries that can store excess electricity and release it when needed is attracting attention as an alternative energy source. Electric double-layer capacitors, a type of storage battery, have been the primary focus of our attention. The material that most affects the performance of an electric double-layer capacitor is activated charcoal, which adsorbs ions from the electrolyte solution on its surface during charging and releases them during discharge [1][2].In other words, the larger the specific surface area of activated carbon (m2/g) is, the more ions are adsorbed during charging, which theoretically increases the storage capacity, and research is being conducted daily on new methods to increase the surface area[3].In this study, the activated carbon was provided by a company that manufactures activated carbon for other uses, and the objective was to improve performance by evaluating the activated carbon as a storage battery.First, activated carbon, Ketjen black (conductive material), and PTFE (bonding material) were mixed at a ratio of 8:1:1 and pressed onto a nickel mesh using a heat press at a temperature of 130 °C and a pressure of 10 MPa to fabricate a circular electrode with a diameter of 1 cm.The circular electrode was evaluated using a three-electrode method. The first is the capacity measurement of the storage battery F/g by cyclic voltammetry. The conditions were a voltage of -0.5 V to 0.5 V, sweep rate of 10 mV/s, number of cycles of 10, Pt as the counter electrode, Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode, and 0.5 mol/L of KOH as the electrolyte solution [4].As another measurement method, the internal resistance (comprising solution resistance and charge transfer resistance) was measured using the electrochemical impedance method, under the same conditions as those employed for the cyclic voltammetry method [4]. As a result, it was confirmed that the attachment of basic functional groups to an activated carbon surface an improvement in performance in the activated carbon can be expected by increasing its capacity and decreasing its internal resistance. It has been confirmed that functional groups including basic functional groups exhibit unique properties, and the presence of the basic functional groups utilized in this study may be a factor in improving the hydrophilicity of the activated carbon and promoting the adsorption of ions [5].Reference[1] Lere Deguenon, Daniel Yamegueu, Sani Moussa kadri, Aboubakar Gomna, Overcoming the challenges of integrating variable renewable energy to the grid: A comprehensive review of electrochemical battery storage systems ,” Journal of Power Sources” ,PP1-2. (2022)[2] Mustafa Ergin Sahin, Frede Blaabjerg, Ariya Sangwongwanich, A Comprehensive Review on Supercapacitor Applications and Developments ,” energies” , PP1-2. (2022)[3] Surajudeen Sikiru, T.T. Dele-Afolabi, Mohammad Yeganeh Ghotbi, Zia Ur Rehman , Recent advancements in technology projection on electric double layer effect in battery recycling for energy storage , ” Journal of Power Sources”,PP.2(2024)[4] Daisuke Tashima, Takuhiro Kashio, Takuya Eguchi, Seiji Kumagai, Toshiki Tsubota, John D.W. Madden, Recycling marine plastic waste to energy storage devices , Materials Letters: X ,PP.2-3(2023)[5] Akihiko Yoshida, Ichiro Tanahashi, Atsushi Nishino, Effect of concentration of surface acidic functional groups on electric double-layer properties of activated carbon fibers,” Carbon”, (1990) Figure 1

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Polymerizable Boronium Ionic Liquids

Boronium ionic liquids (BILs) are an emergent class of zwitterionic materials that have great potential as electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage. Their high electrochemical stability, afforded by charge delocalization across the cation, and thermal stability make them attractive electrolytes for supercapacitors. In this work, a series of novel polymerizable BIL (polyBIL) cations were paired with bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide, [TFSI]-, creating stable ILs with low melting points. These BILs were applied as electrolytes to symmetric double layer capacitors comprised of carbon nanofoam paper (CNP) electrodes. Monomeric polyBILs were characterized using cyclic voltammetry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, broadband dielectric spectroscopy and compared to previously reported non-polymerizable analogs. Their operational voltage windows were studied in a two-electrode configuration using cyclic voltammetry. Then, galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling was performed to assess the performance and long-term stability of the cells.

Wood‐inspired High Ionic Conductivity Hydrogel Electrolytes for Flexible Supercapacitors

AbstractHydrogel is a promising electrolyte substrate, but its ionic conductivity needs further improvement. In this paper, we propose a strategy to improve the ionic conductivity of hydrogels with flexible wood and fabricate a flexible wood‐based poly(acrylic acid‐acrylamide) composite hydrogel electrolyte (WHE) by delignification and in‐situ polymerization. The flexible wood as a porous backbone for hydrogels can regulate ion transport pathways to improve the ionic conductivity of hydrogels. The straight pores of wood confine the transport of electrolyte ions along the shortest path, resulting in a high ionic conductivity of 3.0×10−2 S cm−1, which is great in composite polymer electrolytes. We have systematically investigated the effect of the degree of delignification and the polymerization process on the overall performance of the electrolyte. The optimized supercapacitor exhibits a specific capacitance of 155.64 F g−1 and an energy density of 7.45 W h kg−1. The WHE is applied to flexible supercapacitor, which exhibits good flexibility under bending conditions and can maintain similar electrochemical performance at a wide range of bending angles. This work provides an effective strategy for the efficient use of wood resources and the development of low‐cost, environmentally friendly, and high‐performance hydrogel electrolyte materials.

Polymer Electrolytes for Supercapacitors.

Because of safety concerns associated with the use of liquid electrolytes and electrolyte solutions, options for non-liquid materials like gels and polymers to be used as ion-conducting electrolytes have been explored intensely, and they attract steadily growing interest from researchers. The low ionic conductivity of most hard and soft solid materials was initially too low for practical applications in supercapacitors, which require low internal resistance of a device and, consequently, highly conducting materials. Even if an additional separator may not be needed when the solid electrolyte already ensures reliable separation of the electrodes, the electrolytes prepared as films or membranes as thin as practically acceptable, resistance may still be too high even today. Recent developments with gel electrolytes sometimes approach or even surpass liquid electrolyte solutions, in terms of effective conductance. This includes materials based on biopolymers, renewable raw materials, materials with biodegradability, and better environmental compatibility. In addition, numerous approaches to improving the electrolyte/electrode interaction have yielded improvements in effective internal device resistance. Reported studies are reviewed, material combinations are sorted out, and trends are identified.

Radiation synthesis of high conductivity hydrogel based on tragacanth gum/poly (ionic liquids) for multimodal sensors and supercapacitor

Natural polymer-based hydrogels have found extensive use in flexible sensing, energy storage, and other fields because of their environmental sustainability and biocompatibility. Nonetheless, numerous challenges persist in the development of hydrogels with outstanding conductivity solely from natural polymers. Herein, we have successfully synthesized hydrogels based on natural polymer (tragacanth gum) and ionic liquids (1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide) using a convenient and efficient one-step ionizing radiation method (TG/PIL hydrogels). The TG/PIL hydrogels exhibit high ionic conductivity (7.1Sm-1 at 25°C), and can be used for multimodal sensors, including strain and temperature sensors. It has exceptional capabilities in monitoring human motor behavior, capturing subtle facial expressions and pulses beat. TG/PIL hydrogel can also accurately sense changes in the temperature of the external environment, and have significant thermal sensitivity within the range of 40 to 60°C (-3.22% /°C). Furthermore, the high conductivity of TG/PIL hydrogels enables them to exhibit outstanding performance in supercapacitor electrolytes, it has good stability in a certain load bearing range, temperature range, folding angle range. This work offers a straightforward technique for creating a multimodal hydrogel sensor, with promising applications in flexible wearable devices, energy storage, and beyond.