Electroforming Technique Research Articles

Fabrication and characterization of microlenses realized by a modified LIGA process

We present a fabrication technology for the creation of high-aperture polymer microlenses and their optical characterization both as single lenses and mounted in a micro-objective. The microlenses are made by the LIGA process (x-ray lithography, electroforming and moulding techniques), which is modified by an additional x-ray irradiation step and a melting process. The spherical lenses are realized by melting of PMMA micro-cylinders, which have been flood exposed in the additional synchrotron irradiation step. For the cost-effective replication by hot embossing a moulding tool is made out of the primary PMMA lenses.

High-throughput replica optics

Some simple formulas are derived to calculate the maximum effective area that can be obtained by Kirkpatrick-Baez, Wolter, and conical x-ray telescopes in those cases for which that area is limited by the focal length. Electroforming and epoxy replication techniques are reviewed, and the design and production technology chosen for the high throughput telescopes to be flown on the European X-Ray Spectroscopy Mission are presented.

AN EIGHT-ELEMENT BOLOMETER ARRAY CAMERA FOR THE WYOMING INFRARED OBSERVATORY 2.34-M TELESCOPE

ABSTRACT The construction of an 8-element array camera which uses tapered light pipes to couple radiation onto Ga:Ge bolometers is described. The camera is designed for broad-band thermal infrared imaging observations between 5 and 35 μm on the Wyoming Infrared Observatory 2.34-m telescope. Electroforming and low-temperature casting techniques are shown to be useful for the construction of close-packed arrays. The performance of the array is discussed and a typical image taken with the camera is presented.

Rolling of bar, rod, and section: copper and copper alloys

AbstractA survey is made of recent developments in techniques, plant, and equipment for the production of copper and copper alloy bar, rod, and section. The older type of wirebar looping mill has progressed in a series of stages which combine to give the modern high-production, large-coil, continuous plant. This paper reviews developments, in various countries, of combinations of semi-continuous and continuous plant; casting techniques such as the wheel-belt, twin-belt, vertical, and other machines; special dip-forming, electroforming, hydroforming, and helical-forming techniques; hot and cold rolling; various ancillary processes such as heating, pickling, and inspection; and the trends towards better quality, larger coils, varied production, and more economical plants, particularly in the field of relatively low-capacity integrated units.

Reinforcement of Nickel with some High-Strength Filaments

Composites of nickel containing 35 volume percent tungsten filaments and 11 volume percent alpha-Al 2O3 whiskers have been fabricated by the electroforming technique. Their (.2%) yield and ultimate tensile strengths after annealing (650° in H2 for 1/2 hour) have been found to be a linear function of the volume percent of the filament. The feasibility of producing nickel com posite reinforced with boron and E-glass filaments and SiC whiskers by this technique has also been demonstrated.

亜セレン酸 (H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>) 浸セキによる銅, ニッケル電鋳の離形処理について

亜セレン酸 (H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub>) 浸セキによる銅, ニッケル電鋳の離形処理について

The electroforming of components and instruments for millimetre wavelengths

An account is given of the use of electroforming techniques as an accurate and economical method for the manufacture of waveguide components and instruments. Particular reference is made to those for millimetre wavelengths, but some of the techniques can, with advantage, be applied to those for the centimetre wavebands. The development of improved methods and processes, including periodic-reverse-current plating, is described. Methods of manufacture using both permanent and disposable formers are discussed and especial attention is given to the design of the electroformed pieces for ease of subsequent machining. Examples of this technique are given and some electrical and mechanical data are quoted.